Improve Network Performance By Enabling Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) In SCTP Control Chunks

Recently in communication community, and because of the need to a reliable transmission protocol, that can cover the Transport Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) lacks, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) defined a new protocol called Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). As new as SCTP is, as important to do experiment on it, therefore, this dissertation proposes adding Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) mechanism into SCTP chunks (INIT chunk, and INIT-ACK chunk) to improve the delay of transferring important data during congestion, where illustrates the benefit of SCTP compared with the previous protocols Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP), then discuss the details of adding ECN, and the reason behind Random Early Detection (RED) choice. Through the experimental analysis, we compare SCTP enabled ECN in INIT-ACK chunk to SCTP non ECN enabled in INIT-ACK chunk, and demonstrate the result of ECN impact on SCTP delay time

IT Lightning Talks: session #22

This talk will discuss the process and progress of the HPC4L project that initiated in early 2017, and has been ongoing until today. The project is on the verge of completion as the only thing left is to simply connect the computing center to the CERN grid… making Lebanon a CMS Tier 2

Total synthesis of a novel class of sugar nucleotide analogs: Synthesis of UDP-6-<italic>S</italic>-6-thio-alpha-D-galactose, UDP-4-<italic>S</italic>-4-thio-alpha-D-galactose and UDP-3-<italic>S</italic>-3-thio-alpha-D-galactose.

Modified sugar nucleotides are important in the chemo-enzymatic synthesis of complex oligosaccharides. This thesis describes the synthesis of a novel class of sugar nucleotide analogs, namely, UDP-Gal derivatives that contain a single thiol replacement of the hydroxyl group at the 3, 4, and 6 positions of the galactopyranose ring. These analogs are potential substrates for galactosyltransferases to selectively introduce a thiol group onto terminal residues of complex oligosaccharides. The convergent synthesis involves regioselective introduction of the thiol group by either Mitsunobo reaction or direct thioacetate displacement of a suitably protected sugar triflate. Analogs were converted to the 1 pyranosyl bromide derivatives and selectively hydrolyzed followed by phosphorylation of the anomeric hydroxyl and conjugation with activated UMP to provide peracetylated 3, 4 or 6-thiol UDP-Gal in good yields. Final deprotection with concomitant trapping of the thiol with dithiodipyridine gave stable derivatives which upon treatment with tris-carboxyethyl phosphine (TCEP) under neutral conditions gave the desired uridine disphosphate thiosugars.Ph.D.Organic chemistryPharmacy sciencesPure SciencesUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/127556/2/3029332.pd

Dynamic Cyclic Fatigue and Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analysis of R-Motion

ABSTRACT: Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance of an R-Motion file at simulated body temperature and document corresponding phase transformations compared to OneCurve and HyFlex EDM (HFEDM). Methods: R-Motion (25/.06), OneCurve (25/.06), and HFEDM (25/.06) files were selected and divided into 3 groups (n = 9) according to the file type. Dynamic cyclic fatigue testing was done with a custom-made artificial stainless-steel canal that had a 90° angle of curvature and a 5-mm radius of curvature. Files were operated continuously at body temperature until fracture in the artificial canal. The time to fracture was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed, and significance was set at 5%. Phase transformation temperatures for 2 instruments of each group were analysed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Results: The highest mean time to fracture value was measured in the HFEDM group (277.84 ± 2.51), followed by the R-Motion group (115.09 ± 0.01), whilst the lowest value was found in the OneCurve group (44.28 ± 3.63). Post hoc pairwise comparisons were all statistically significant (P < .001). DSC heating curves show austinite start temperatures to be 33.94 °C and 43.32 °C and austinite finish temperatures to be 35.09 °C and 50 °C for R-Motion and HFEDM, respectively. DSC cooling curves show martensite start temperatures to be 27.54 °C and 44.52 °C and martensite finish temperatures to be 29.13 °C and 37.68 °C for R-Motion and HFEDM, respectively. DSC curves of OneCurve failed to demonstrate transformation temperatures within the tested heat range. Conclusions: Crystalline arrangement of Ni and Ti atoms within the NiTi alloys greatly affects the dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance of the file

Improving network performance by enabling explicit congestion notification (ECN) in SCTP control chunks

The need for a reliable transmission protocol that can cover the Transport Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) has prompted the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to define a new protocol called the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP).This paper proposes adding Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) mechanism into SCTP chunks (INIT chunk, and INIT-ACK chunk) to reduce the delay of transferring important data during congestion as compared with the TCP and UDP protocols.This paper also discusses the details of adding ECN, and the reason for choosing Random Early Detection (RED). Through the experimental analysis, we compare SCTP enabled ECN in INIT-ACK chunk to SCTP without ECN enabled in INIT-ACK chunk and demonstrate the result of ECN impact on SCTP delay time