A new beam emission polarimetry diagnostic for measuring the magnetic field line angle at the plasma edge of ASDEX Upgrade

A new edge beam emission polarimetry diagnostic dedicated to the measurement of the magnetic field line angle has been installed on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. The new diagnostic relies on the motional Stark e ff ect and is based on the simultaneous measurement of the polarization direction of the linearly polarized π (parallel to the electric field) and σ (perpendicular to the electric field) lines of the Balmer line D α . The technical properties of the system are described. The calibration procedures are discussed and first measurements are presentedEuropean Union (EUROfusion 633053)European Union (EUROfusion Grant WP14-FRF-IPP)Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Grant No. FJCI-201422139

A Historical Research Study of the Evolution of Attention Deficit Disorder

Across the United States of America, schools and social service agencies have become increasingly aware of a disability called Attention Deficit Disorder (A.D.D.). Families and employers are learning the name for this confusing, frustration, seemingly uncontrolled problem. The focus of this thesis will be to trace the origin and historical development of this disorder. It examines the work of those who were involved in identifying, defining and treating the disorder. The author has attempted to draw connections between history, discovery, research and implications for treatment, practice and public policy

A fast edge charge exchange recombination spectroscopy system at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak

In this work, a new type of high through-put Czerny-Turner spectrometer has been developed which allows us to acquire multiple channels simultaneously with a repetition time on the order of 10 μ s at different wavelengths. The spectrometer has been coupled to the edge charge exchange recom- bination system at ASDEX Upgrade which has been recently refurbished with new lines of sight. Construction features, calibration methods, and initial measurements obtained with the new setup will be presented.European Commission (EUROfusion 633053

Diaqua­bis[1-hydroxy-2-(imidazol-3-ium-1-yl)-1,1′-ethyl­idenediphophonato-κ2 O,O′]zinc(II)

In the title complex, [Zn(C5H9NO7P2)2(H2O)2], the zinc atom is coordinated by two bidentate zoledronate [zoledronate = (2-(1-imidazole)-1-hydr­oxy-1,1′-ethyl­idenediphophonate)] ligands and two water mol­ecules. The coordination number is 6. There is one half-mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit with the zinc atom located on a crystallographic inversion centre. The anion exists as a zwitterion with an overall charge of −1; the protonated nitro­gen in the ring has a positive charge and the two phospho­nates groups each have a single negative charge. There are two intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The mol­ecules are linked into a chain by inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Adjacent chains are further linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the aqua ligands. An N—H⋯O inter­action is also observed

Aquabis[1-hydroxy-2-(imidazol-3-ium-1-yl)-1,1′-ethylidenediphophonato-κ2 O,O′]zinc(II) dihydrate

In the title complex, [Zn(C5H9NO7P2)2(H2O)]·2H2O, the zinc atom is coordinated by two zoledronate anions [zoledronate = (2-(1-imidazole)-1-hydr­oxy-1,1′-ethyl­idenediphophonate)] and one water mol­ecule. The coordination number is 5. There is one half-mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit, the zinc atom being located on a twofold rotation axis passing through the metal centre and the coordinating water O atom. The anion exists as a zwitterion with an overall charge of −1; the protonated nitro­gen in the ring has a positive charge and the two phospho­nates groups each have a single negative charge. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules. An N—H⋯O inter­action is also present

A Bayesian analysis of neutron spin echo data on polymer coated gold nanoparticles in aqueous solutions

We present a neutron spin echo study (NSE) of the nanosecond dynamics of polyethylene glycol (PEG) functionalised nanosized gold particles dissolved in D$_2$O at two temperatures and two different PEG molecular weights. The analysis of the NSE data was performed by applying a Bayesian approach to the description of time correlation function decays in terms of exponential terms, recently proved to be theoretically rigorous. This approach, which addresses in a direct way the fundamental issue of model choice in any dynamical analysis, provides here a guide to the most statistically supported way to follow the decay of the Intermediate Scattering Functions I(Q, t) by basing on statistical grounds the choice of the number of terms required for the description of the nanosecond dynamics of the studied systems. Then, the presented analysis avoids from the start resorting to a pre-selected framework and can be considered as model free. By comparing the results of PEG coated nanoparticles with those obtained in PEG2000 solutions, we were able to disentangle the translational diffusion of the nanoparticles from the internal dynamics of the polymer grafted to them, and to show that the polymer corona relaxation follows a pure exponential decay in agreement with the behavior predicted by coarse grained molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical models. This methodology has one further advantage: in the presence of a complex dynamical scenario I(Q,t) is often described in terms of the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts function that can implicitly represent a distribution of relaxation times. By choosing to describe the I(Q,t) as a sum of exponential functions and with the support of the Bayesian approach, we can explicitly determine when a finer-structure analysis of the dynamical complexity of the system exists according to the available data without the risk of overparametrisation

Meningkatkan Pemahaman Mahasiswa Pendidikan Matematika FKIP UPS Tegal pada Konsep Distribusi Peluang Khusus Melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif Model STAD

Perkuliahan Statistika Matematika I dengan model pembelajaran konvensional dibantu dengan buku ajar pada Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika FKIP UPS Tegal tidak signifikan meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa semester IV T.A 2007-2008. Mahasiswa cenderung pasif dalam proses pembelajaran, kesiapan mahasiswa mengikuti perkuliahan rendah, dan kurangnya tanggung jawab mahasiswa akan pembelajarannya menyebabkan hasil belajar mereka masih rendah. Dari hasil tes yang diberikan menunjukkan masih terdapat banyak kesalahan pada penerapan konsep, dan kesalahan dalam proses penyelesaian masalah. Penelitian ini hendak mengatasi permasalahan pembelajaran Statistika Matematika I pada Progdi PMTK FKIP UPS Tegal dengan menerapkan pendekatan pembelajaran kooperatif model STAD, yang diimplementasikan pada pembelajaran konsep Distribusi Peluang Khusus. Prosedur penelitian mengacu pada model siklus Kemmis dan Mc Taggart, dan direncanakan sebanyak dua siklus Pengamatan meliputi aktivitasi mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran, motivasi belajar, dan hasil belajar. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan instrumen observasi peer evaluation, instrumen observasi kinerja kelompok, angket motivasi, dan tes. Data yang dikumpulkan pada setiap siklus penelitian kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan persentase untuk melihat kecenderungan yang terjadi. Implikasi pelaksanaan siklus kedua ditunjukkan dengan adanya peningkatan aktivitasi mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran Distribusi Peluang Khusus. Prosentase mahasiswa yang memberikan kontribusi pada kelompok minimal cukup memuaskan meningkat dari 68 % menjadi 83% , sementara prosentase kelompok dengan kinerja tinggi meningkat 60 %. Motivasi belajar mahasiswa meningkat dari 92% menjadi 96%, namun pada aspek tes anxienty tidak mengalami peningkatan. Hasil belajar mahasiswa meningkat terlihat dari banyaknya mahasiswa yang memahami konsep minimal mendekati sepenuhnya meningkat sebesar 73%, yang menggunakan strategi pemecahan masalah minimal mendekati sepenuhnya meningkat 53%, dan yang menggunakan prosedur minimal mendekati sepenuhnya meningkat 40%. Kata kunci : pembelajaran kooperatif, STA

Threat modulates perception of looming visual stimuli

SummaryAmong the most critical of visual functions is the detection of potentially hazardous or threatening aspects of the environment. For example, objects on a collision course with an observer must be quickly identified to allow sufficient time to prepare appropriate defensive or avoidant responses. Directly approaching objects produce a specific accelerating pattern of optical expansion, known as ‘looming, which in theory exactly specifies time-to-collision independent of object size or distance. Such looming stimuli have been shown to trigger stereotyped defensive responses in both monkeys [1] and human infants [2]. Psychophysical results in adult participants have similarly suggested sensitivity to looming at early stages of visual processing [3]. Such findings indicate specialization of the visual system to detect and react to such ‘looming’ stimuli, and have contributed to the traditional view of looming as a purely optical cue to imminent collision [1]. Here, we investigated whether the semantic content of a looming visual stimulus affects perceived time-to-collision by manipulating its threat value. We show that time-to-collision is underestimated for threatening (snakes and spiders) compared to non-threatening (butterflies and rabbits) stimuli. Further, the magnitude of this effect is correlated with self-reported fear. Our results demonstrate affective modulation of the perception of looming stimuli, and suggest that emotion shapes basic aspects of visual perception

Excitonic coupling dominates the homogeneous photoluminescence excitation linewidth in semicrystalline polymeric semiconductors

We measure the homogeneous excitation linewidth of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene), a model semicrystalline polymeric semiconductor, by means of two-dimensional coherent photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. At a temperature of 8\,K, we find a linewidth that is always $\gtrsim 110$\,meV full-width-at-half-maximum, which is a significant fraction of the total linewidth. It displays a spectral dependence and is minimum near the 0--0 origin peak. We interpret this spectral dependence of the homogeneous excitation linewidth within the context of a weakly coupled aggregate model.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, Supplementary Materia