Uticaj metode uzorkovanja na detekciju Campylobacter coli iz pribora za uzorkovanje i mesa

A defined Campylobacter coli (C. coli) suspension was inoculated on sterile sampling materials (cotton bud, polyester bud, cellulose sponge) and pieces of lamb meat. Various combinations of diluents (phosphate buffer saline ± Tween®80) and sampling methods (direct homogenization, simulating the excision method for meat, and swabbing) were investigated for the recovery (detachment) of C. coli cells from the inoculated samples. The obtained C. coli bacteria, as quantified by real-time PCR with respect to the dilution factors and the initial inoculum, were used for the calculation of the recovery (%) per sampling material and method. Regarding artificially inoculated sampling materials, the lowest recovery was observed for cotton buds (2.8%) and the highest for cellulose sponge (28.9%), and the differences between the obtained results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). As regards lamb meat, the lowest recovery was observed for swabbing with cotton buds (3.2%) and the highest for direct homogenization (10.7%). The results indicate an overall low rate of bacterial recovery from contaminated samples, with cellulose sponges and polyester buds being significantly superior to cotton buds, and direct homogenization of meat with diluent better than swabbing. The type of sampling materials and methods applied for the quantification of C. coli entailsPrethodno određena suspenzija Campylobacter coli inokulisana je na sterilne materijale za uzorkovanje (pamučni štapić, poliesterski štapić, celulozni sunđer) i komade jagnjeć eg mesa. Različite kombinacije razređivača (fi ziološki rastvor fosfatnog pufera ± Tveen®80) i metode uzimanja uzoraka (direktna homogenizacija, simuliranje metode ekscizije mesa i uzimanje brisa) ispitivane su na uspešnost detekcije ć elija C. coli iz inokulisanih uzoraka. Kvantifi kacija je urađena PCR-om u realnom vremenu u odnosu na faktore razblaženja i početni inokulum i izračunat je nivo detekcije C. coli (%) prema materijalu i metodi uzimanja uzoraka. Iz veštački inokulisanih materijala za uzimanje uzoraka najniža detekcija ovih bakterija je zabeležena kod pamučnih štapića (2,8%), a najveća kod celuloznih sunđera (28,9%) i utvrdjena je statistički značajna razlika (

RESEARCH ON THE CONTAMINATION OF MUSSELS (MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS) FROM THERMAIKOS GULF WITH N-PARAFFINS

IN THE PRESENT WORK THE CONTAMINATION WITH N-PARAFFINS OF MUSSELS (MYT. GALLOPROVINCIALIS) FROM THERMAIKOS GULF WAS STUDIED. A TOTAL OF 129 SAMPLES WERE ANALYZED WHILE THE IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF HYDROCARBONS WAS PERFORMED WITH CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES. THE SAMPLES EXAMINED WERE FOUND TO BE CONTAMINATED BY N-PARAFFINS IN THE RANGE NC12ANE TO NC38ANE AND AT CONCENTRATIONS VARIED BETWEEN 2 TO 70.1 NG/G (NET WEIGHT). N-PARAFFINS DETECTED IN THE MOST SAMPLES WERE N- C15ANE, NC24ANE, NC26ANE AND NC28ANE WHILE N-PARAFFINS WITH THE HIGHEST CONCENTRATIONS WERE N-C17ANE, NC21ANE, NC26ANE AND NC28ANE. THE LEVELSOF N-PARAFFINS FOUND IN THE MUSSELS OF THE AGRICULTURAL AREA OF THE GULF WERETHE SAME WITH THOSE FOUND IN THE MUSSELS ON THE INDUSTRIAL AREA (A=0,05). N-PARAFFINS CONCENTRATIONS WERE FOUND TO BE INCREASED DURING THE WINTER TIME IN THE MUSSELS OF THE INDUSTRIAL AREA (A=0,05). IT WAS DETECTED THE PRESENCE OF ANUNRESOLVED PEAK ENVELOPE IN THE GAS CHROMATOGRAMS OF ALL THE SAMPLES WHICH HAS BEEN USED AS AN INDICATOR OF THE PRESENCE OF PETROLEUM. THERE IS EVIDENCE INDICATING THAT THE ORIGIN OF THE HYDROCARBONS FOUND IN THE MUSSELS FROM THERMAIKOS GULF WAS NOT ONLY OF NATURAL BUT OF POLLUTANT ORIGIN AS WELL.ΔΙΕΡΕΥΝΗΘΗΚΑΝ ΤΑ ΕΠΙΠΕΔΑ ΡΥΠΑΝΣΗΣ ΤΩΝ ΜΥΔΙΩΝ (MYT. GALLOPROVINCIALIS) ΤΟΥ ΘΕΡΜΑΙΚΟΥ ΚΟΛΠΟΥ ΜΕ Ν-ΠΑΡΑΦΙΝΕΣ. ΕΞΕΤΑΣΘΗΚΑΝ 129 ΔΕΙΓΜΑΤΑ ΜΥΔΙΩΝ. Η ΤΑΥΤΟΠΟΙΗΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΣΟΤΙΚΟΣ ΠΡΟΣΔΙΟΡΙΣΜΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΥΔΡΟΓΟΝΑΝΘΡΑΚΩΝ ΕΓΙΝΕ ΜΕ ΑΕΡΙΟΧΡΩΜΑΤΟΓΡΑΦΙΚΗ ΤΕΧΝΙΚΗ. ΔΙΑΠΙΣΤΩΘΗΚΕ Η ΠΑΡΟΥΣΙΑ Ν-ΠΑΡΑΦΙΝΩΝ ΜΕ ΑΝΘΡΑΚΙΚΕΣ ΑΛΥΣΙΔΕΣ ΑΠΟ 12 ΜΕΧΡΙ 38 ΑΤΟΜΑ ΑΝΘΡΑΚΑ ΚΑΙ ΣΕ ΣΥΓΚΕΝΤΡΩΣΕΙΣ ΑΠΟ 2 ΕΩΣ 701 NG/G (ΣΤΗ ΝΩΠΗ ΟΥΣΙΑ). Ν-ΠΑΡΑΦΙΝΕΣ ΠΟΥ ΑΝΙΧΝΕΥΘΗΚΑΝ ΣΤΑ ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΑ ΔΕΙΓΜΑΤΑ ΗΤΑΝ ΟΙ Ν-C15ΑΝΙΟ, ΝC24ΑΝΙΟ, ΝC2ΑΝΙΟ ΚΑΙ ΝC28ΑΝΙΟ, ΕΝΩ ΥΨΗΛΟΤΕΡΕΣ ΗΤΑΝ ΟΙ ΣΥΓΚΕΝΤΡΩΣΕΙΣ ΤΩΝ ΝC17ΑΝΙΟΥ, NC26ΑΝΙΟΥ ΚΑΙ NC28ΑΝΙΟΥ. ΤΑ ΔΕΙΓΜΑΤΑ ΠΟΥ ΠΑΡΘΗΚΑΝ ΑΠΟ ΤΗΝ ΑΝΑΤΟΛΙΚΗ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΗ (ΑΓΡΟΤΙΚΗ) ΤΟΥ ΚΟΛΠΟΥ ΒΡΕΘΗΚΑΝ ΤΟ ΙΔΙΟ ΡΥΠΑΣΜΕΝΑ ΜΕ ΕΚΕΙΝΑ ΤΗΣ ΔΥΤΙΚΗΣ (ΒΙΟΜΗΧΑΝΙΚΗ) (Α=0.05). ΣΗΜΕΙΩΘΗΚΕ ΑΥΞΗΣΗ ΣΤΙΣ ΣΥΓΚΕΝΤΡΩΣΕΙΣ ΤΩΝ Ν-ΠΑΡΑΦΙΝΩΝ ΣΤΑ ΔΕΙΓΜΑΤΑ ΤΗΣ ΒΙΟΜΗΧΑΝΙΚΗΣ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΗΣ ΤΟ ΧΕΙΜΩΝΑ (Α-0.05). ΤΕΛΟΣ ΣΤΑ ΧΡΩΜΑΤΟΓΡΑΦΗΜΑΤΑ ΟΛΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΔΕΙΓΜΑΤΩΝ ΠΟΥ ΕΞΕΤΑΣΤΗΚΑΝ, ΠΑΡΑΤΗΡΗΘΗΚΕ ΕΝΑ ΕΠΑΡΜΑ, ΠΟΥ ΔΕΙΧΝΕΙ ΤΗΝ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΙΑ ΚΙ ΑΛΛΩΝ ΥΔΡΟΓΟΝΑΝΘΡΑΚΩΝ ΤΑ ΟΠΟΙΑ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΣΥΣΤΑΤΙΚΑ ΤΟΥ ΠΕΤΡΕΛΑΙΟΥ. ΣΧΕΤΙΚΑ ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΠΡΟΕΛΕΥΣΗ ΤΩΝ Ν-ΠΑΡΑΦΙΝΩΝ ΟΛΑ ΤΑ ΕΥΡΗΜΑΤΑ ΣΥΝΗΓΟΡΟΥΝ ΚΑΙ ΣΤΗΝ ΠΕΤΡΕΛΑΙΚΗ ΠΡΟΕΛΕΥΣΗ ΤΟΥΣ

Diversity of Campylobacter in retail meat and liver of lambs and goat kids

The presence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Campylobacter spp. in retail lamb and goat kid carcasses were assessed. A total of 200 samples consisting of 100 meat and 100 liver surface swabs were collected from 47 lamb and 53 goat kid carcasses at 23 retail markets in Northern Greece, and 125 Campylobacter isolates were recovered from 32 meat surfaces (32%) and 44 liver surfaces (44%). Multiplex polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis specified Campylobacter coli as the most frequently detected species (59.2%) followed by C. jejuni (40.8%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was applied in order to typify a subset of randomly selected isolates (n=80). SmaI-PFGE successfully clustered the 80 isolates in 38 SmaI-PFGE types, indicating high heterogeneity among the analyzed Campylobacter isolates, and provided data regarding the dissemination of Camplobacter among carcasses stored in the same retail market. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Campylobacter isolates, assessed by the disk-diffusion method, indicated that 31 isolates (24.8%) were multidrug resistant, and the most common profile was the concurrent resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin. Overall, 56.8% of isolates (n=71, multidrug-resistant isolates included) exhibited resistance to at least one antimicrobial (tetracycline 34.4%, quinolones 27.2%, and streptomycin 20.8%). However, all isolates were susceptible to erythromycin and gentamicin. The findings of this study verify the contamination of retail lamb and goat kid carcasses with a heterogeneous population of thermotolerant campylobacters. These data underscore the fact that retail meat and liver of small ruminants could serve as vehicles for consumer contamination with Campylobacter and that further investigation is necessary in order to evaluate the risk imposed by such products within the epidemiology of human campylobacteriosis cases