Факторы развития образовательной системы России

The paper aims to uncover the substance and content of the factors exerting a profound effect on the functioning of the higher education market in Russia. The research highlights the relevance of studying the needs of the job market for personnel training in conjunction with determining the prospects for the development of the educational services market. The authors perform econometric analysis and construct the demand and supply models. The empirical basis of the study includes the statistical data for the 1993-2018 time period. The results indicate that throughout the entire period there was a steady decrease in the number of school graduates in Russia which exacerbated in 2005 due to the decline in the birth rate in the early 1990s. The analysis found no significant correlation between the number of school graduates and the number of entrants admitted to higher education institutions. On the other hand, the number of students enrolled at universities was decreasing at a much slower rate than the number of school graduates. The study clarifies that the faculty number has a principal influence on the demand for higher education services in Russia, whereas the volume of investment in education affects a supply of graduates in the job market.El trabajo es la prueba de identificación de la esencia y el contenido de los factores que tienen el impacto mayor en el funcionamiento del mercado de servicios educativos en el sistema de educación superior en Rusia. En el artículo se examina la actualidad del problema del estudio de las necesidades del mercado de trabajo en formación de cuadros en relación con la determinación de las perspectivas del desarrollo del mercado de los servicios educativos. Para ello se realizó un análisis econométrico con la simulación de demanda y oferta. La base empírica del estudio compiló los datos estadísticos para el período entre 1993 y 2018. Los resultados obtenidos indican que en todo el período de observación se observa una disminución constante en el número de graduados de las escuelas en Rusia, que ha aumentado desde 2005 debido a la disminución de la fecundidad al principio de los años noventa. Durante el análisis no se encontró una fuerte correlación entre el número de graduados de las escuelas y el número de solicitantes admitidos en las instituciones de enseñanza superior. Por otra parte, se ha determinado que el número de alumnos admitidos en instituciones de enseñanza superior ha disminuido considerablemente más que el número de las finalistas de las escuelas. Por nosotros es determinado que al nivel de la demanda de los servicios de la enseñanza superior en Rusia el impacto mayor tiene el factor del número del personal profesorado y al nivel de la oferta de los graduados en el mercado de trabajo el impacto mayor tiene el volumen de las inversiónes en el campo de la educación.Работа представляет собой попытку выявить сущность и содержание факторов, оказывающих наиболее значительное влияние на функционирование рынка образовательных услуг в системе высшего образования в России. В статье рассматривается актуальность проблемы изучения потребностей рынка труда в подготовке кадров во взаимосвязи с определением перспектив развития рынка образовательных услуг. Для этого проведен эконометрический анализ с построением моделей спроса и предложения. Эмпирическую базу исследования составили статистические данные за период с 1993 по 2018 гг. Полученные результаты указывают, что на всем периоде наблюдений прослеживается устойчивое снижение количества выпускников школ в России, обострившееся с 2005 г. в связи со спадом рождаемости в начале 1990-х гг. В ходе анализа не было обнаружено сильной корреляционной связи между количеством выпускников школ и числом абитуриентов, принятых в высшие учебные заведения. С другой стороны, установлено, что число студентов, принятых в высшие учебные заведения снизилось значительно меньшими темпами, чем сокращение численности выпускников школ. Нами определено, что на уровень спроса на услуги высшего образования в России наибольшее влияние оказывает фактор численности профессорско-педагогического персонала, а на уровень предложения выпускников на рынке труда наибольшее влияние оказывает объем инвестиций в сферу образования

Study of Posting Activities of Russian Users on Social Media

Content marketing on social media depends on trends in consumer behaviors. A changing focus and emphasis on audience activities on social media are a key optimization problem in social media marketing (SMM). A solution to this problem lies in a field of ongoing empirical studies of posting frequency. In the review of the literature, authors highlight the role of social media as a promising channel for a direct interaction of companies/brands with consumers. Based on theoretical generalizations, authors present a generation sequence of an SMM content strategy. The article also includes an analysis of posting activities of users from Russia on well-known social media. A cost-benefit analysis of posting activities rests upon some factors: socio-demographic characteristics of users, a content format, time and day of the week parameters, etc. Data come from such sources as aggregated statistics of social media and selective interviewing. An analysis of activities for users from Russia has shown that VKontakte is the most popular platform; Instagram is the second, while Facebook is the third. Odnoklassniki and Twitter are less preferred. VKontakte users respond best to short posts. On Facebook, entries with medium-sized texts have got the highest number of responds. On Instagram, long posts work better. The photo format is a leader in all of the social media. The video format has a middle position, while a text is the most inefficient type of content. There is strong differentiation in response time depending on a target audience. Findings have made it possible to present recommendations for optimization of content marketing

Citation of Mass Media Resources in Social Network

The role of social networks in the formation of collective behaviour and a sustainable point of view/position regarding the information events or facts is studied herein. The purpose of the study is to analyse the reaction of the users of popular social networks, expressed in quotations and responses to the messages of mass media resources. A statistical measure of interest in the media news is identified through unique messages from queries on the topic. The approach used is aimed at improving the scientific argumentation on the assumption of a direct relationship between these phenomena. The empirical evaluation is carried out according to the data obtained from the Russian segment of social networks. The trends in the distribution of media content in social media and social networks are revealed using structural and correlation analysis. It is determined that the publications in online media correlate directly with the activities of social networks and are caused by the release of one or another information event. The results of the study also convincingly point out that the importance of the media resources, expanding due to the integration of social networks, increases, while the classical model of online media (media edition as own website) is gradually losing popularity and audience

Study of Posting Activities of Russian Users on Social Media

Content marketing on social media depends on trends in consumer behaviors. A changing focus and emphasis on audience activities on social media are a key optimization problem in social media marketing (SMM). A solution to this problem lies in a field of ongoing empirical studies of posting frequency. In the review of the literature, authors highlight the role of social media as a promising channel for a direct interaction of companies/brands with consumers. Based on theoretical generalizations, authors present a generation sequence of an SMM content strategy. The article also includes an analysis of posting activities of users from Russia on well-known social media. A cost-benefit analysis of posting activities rests upon some factors: socio-demographic characteristics of users, a content format, time and day of the week parameters, etc. Data come from such sources as aggregated statistics of social media and selective interviewing. An analysis of activities for users from Russia has shown that VKontakte is the most popular platform; Instagram is the second, while Facebook is the third. Odnoklassniki and Twitter are less preferred. VKontakte users respond best to short posts. On Facebook, entries with medium-sized texts have got the highest number of responds. On Instagram, long posts work better. The photo format is a leader in all of the social media. The video format has a middle position, while a text is the most inefficient type of content. There is strong differentiation in response time depending on a target audience. Findings have made it possible to present recommendations for optimization of content marketing

Effect of the Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Cytokine-Producing Activity on the Hematopoietic Ste

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is used to treat hemoblastoses and some other diseases. Depending on the diagnosis, autologous cells of the patient or allogeneic cells obtained from a healthy related or unrelated donor are used. A sufficient count of harvested hematopoietic progenitor cells is necessary for successful transplantation. Currently, stimulation of their egress from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood by a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, followed by collection by leukapheresis, is widely used for their preparation. Hematopoietic stem cells leave the bone marrow niche formed by the stromal microenvironment when their holding bonds are interrupted. Mesenchymal stromal cells regulate the release of hematopoietic precursors by producing various cytokines and other biologically active substances. Therefore, the study of the functional properties of bone marrow mesenchymal cells can help in solving the problem of “poor” mobilizations that occur in patients with multiple myeloma.The aim of the study was to estimate the effectiveness of mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells depending on the cytokine-producing ability of mesenchymal stromal cells in the bone marrow of donors and patients with multiple myeloma.The yields of hematopoietic progenitors were studied in 10 donors (median age 27 years) and 18 patients with multiple myeloma (median age 57 years). In donors, the release of hematopoietic stem cells into the peripheral blood was stimulated by subcutaneous administration of G-CSF at a dose of 10 μg/kg/day. Patients with multiple myeloma received vinorelbine at a dose of 35 mg/m2 of body surface, followed by administration of G-CSF (10 μg/kg/day subcutaneously). A culture of mesenchymal stromal cells was obtained from bone marrow taken prior to mobilization and the content of interleukins IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ in supernatants was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using kits of reagents produced by Vector-Best (Novosibirsk).Patients with multiple myeloma were characterized by high secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-2 (4.70 pg/ml vs 3.55 pg/ml in healthy individuals, p=0.003) and low IFN-γ (0.41 pg/ml vs 2.14 pg/ml in healthy, p<0.001), but no relationship was found between these cytokines and the hematopoietic stem cells yield. The present study showed that in patients with ineffective harvesting of hematopoietic precursors, secretion of IL-8 by stromal cells was low (308.08 pg/ml vs 561.29 pg/ml in healthy individuals, p=0.04).The obtained results are consistent with the literature data on the important role of IL-8 in the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells, which allows to consider IL-8 as an informative marker for predicting the insufficient yields of hematopoietic precursors

NAJZNAČAJNIJE OSNOVE PATOGENEZE COVID-19

At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus infection occurred in the People's Republic of China with an epicentre in the city of Wuhan. On February 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization assigned the official name of the infection caused by the new coronavirus – COVID-19. COVID-19 has affected people from all over the world given that the infection was noted in 200 countries resulting in annunciation of the pandemic situation. Human corona viruses cause mild to moderate respiratory infections. At the end of 2002, a new coronavirus appeared (SARS-CoV), the causal agent of atypical pneumonia, which caused acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The initial stage of COVID-19 infection is the penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into target cells that have angiotensin converting enzyme type II receptors. The virus enters the body through the respiratory tract and interacts primarily with toll-like receptors (TLRs). The events in SARS-Cov-2 induced infection follow the next scenario: epithelial cells via TLRs recognize and identify SARS-Cov-2, and after that the information is transmitted to the transcriptional NF-κB, which causes expression of the corresponding genes. Activated in this way, the epithelial cells begin to synthesize various biologically active molecules. The results obtained on preclinical material indicate that ROS generation increases and the antioxidant protection decreases, which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV, as well as in the progression and severity of this respiratory diseasePublishe

Telecommunication Sector of the Russian Economy: Transformation Into a Global Information and Telecommunication Infrastructure

The author concerns the current state and possible ways of telecommunication sector of the Russian economy development in the conditions of world economy globalization and suggests that the process of globalization reflects the current stage of telecommunication companies’ capital internationalization. The analysis of telecommunication sector shows that it is not only a perspective, highmargin and dynamically developing sector but is still one of the most integrated into the system of world economic relations. The stages of Russian telecommunication companies’ capital internationalization are determined, the internal connections between internationalization process and globalization are revealed. It is revealed that the new information and communication technologies development and expansion results in substantial increase in cooperation between economical entities and provides a sustainable long-term economical growth of telecommunication enterprises. The financial and operational data determining the effectiveness of telecommunication companies’ activity are presented. The analysis of tendencies promoting the extension of the market activity of Russian telecommunication companies at global information and telecommunication infrastructure shows that the main tendencies are the following ones: foreign capital inflow increase, capital integration and expansion of new services based on technologies convergence. The author reasonably concludes in recent times, the telecommunication sector of the Russian economy formation and development is determined by the existing global trends

Agile project management in lean environment

The article discusses the possibility of integrating the traditionally opposed approaches of Agile and Kanban in the management of large manufacturing enterprises. The aim of the study is to develop a new algorithm for the implementation of lean production via formation of small work groups that operate based on Scrum methodology. Authors have classified famous approaches to lean manufacturing implementation, identified general patterns, and proposed a new integrated approach. The developed algorithm helps to launch lean production at a large enterprise in a most efficient way, quickly involve personnel in the change process, and identify change leaders. Agile frameworks in lean management support to get a specific result in a short time and make quick adjustments to scheduled plans

Biohydrometalurgiczne metody przeróbki dla ubogich siarczkowych rud w Arktyce

Microorganisms capable of oxidizing sulfide minerals were isolated for the bioleaching experiments. Ore samples from the Allarechensk mining waste dump and low-grade ore samples from the deposit Nud II were studied. The samples have a similar ore mineral composition – pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite, and magnetite. In the study, the solution was recycled to make the process environmentally friendly.Mikroorganizmy zdolne do utleniania minerałów siarczkowych zostały wyizolowane w celu przeprowadzenia eksperymentów bioługowania. Próbki rudy ze składowiska odpadów pogórniczych Allarechensk, jak również próbki rudy ze złoża Nud II zostały zbadane. Próbki maja podobny skład mineralny – pirotyt, pentlandyt, chalkopiryt oraz magnetyt. W badaniu zastosowano recykling, aby proces był przyjazny dla środowiska