Morphology and Genetics of the Ciscoes (Actinopterygii: Salmoniformes: Salmonidae: Coregoninae: Coregonus) from the Solovetsky Archipelago (White Sea) as a Key to Determination of the Taxonomic Position of Ciscoes in Northeastern Europe

Background: The characteristic feature of the genus <i>Coregonus</i> is the multitude of nominal species of obscure identity. The northeastern Europe is inhabited by, inter alia—the vendace, <i>Coregonus albula</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)—considered the European cisco—and the least cisco, <i>C. sardinella</i> Valenciennes, 1848—often referred to as the Siberian species. There is a large area in where the ranges of both species overlap. Using morphological- as well as genetic tools we attempted to test the working hypothesis that the <i>Coregonus</i> fish (ciscoes) inhabiting the above-mentioned transitional zone represent a single species. Materials and methods: Within 1995–2009 we collected 344 ciscoes from five lakes in Bolshoy Solovetsky Island and determined diagnostic morphological traits for the two species. For some samples, the polymorphism of the creatine kinase isoloci (<i>CK-A1,2</i>*) and the fragment of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoding the subunit 1 of NADH-dehydrogenize complex (<i>ND-1</i> fragment) was also studied. Results: According to one of the main taxonomical characteristics—the number of vertebrae—the cisco of Solovetsky Island occupies an intermediate position between <i>C. albula</i> and <i>C. sardinella</i>. The molecular markers,however, did not reveal any differences between the ciscoes of Bolshoy Solovetsky Island and the vendace found elsewhere. All specimens had the type allele of creatine kinase <i>(CK-A*100)</i> which was considered to be typical for C. albula at other locations as well as the haplotype E of mtDNA widespread in vendace populations. Conclusion: The cisco from Solovetsky Island is more similar to typical vendace. Differences in some morphological traits between Solovetsky Island populations and the vendace from elsewhere are likely to reflect adaptation to environmental conditions. Thus it appears that morphological criteria do not allow reliable differentiation between two forms of ciscoes as well as between least cisco and vendace because they are influenced by environmental conditions. We believe that the presence of populations with intermediate features is a strong argument for combining <i>C. albula</i> and <i>C. sardinella</i> into a single species (<i>C. albula</i>)

Perspectivas para o desenvolvimento da lei nas condições da economia digital

The authors consider the problems of forming the digital economy from the position of law in the article. They analyze the main trends in the development of individual branches of law. They identify the problems arising in the process of legal regulation of digital policy and the economy of modern states.Los autores consideran los problemas de formar la economía digital desde la posición de la ley en el artículo. Analizan las principales tendencias en el desarrollo de ramas individuales de la ley. Identifican los problemas que surgen en el proceso de regulación legal de la política digital y la economía de los estados modernos.Os autores consideram os problemas de formar a economia digital a partir da posição de lei no artigo. Eles analisam as principais tendências no desenvolvimento de ramos individuais da lei. Eles identificam os problemas que surgem no processo de regulação legal da política digital e da economia dos estados modernos

a [Ni(Salen)]‐TEMPO redox‐conducting polymer for organic batteries

Redox-active nitroxyl-containing polymers are promising candidates as possible replacements for inorganic based energy-storage materials, due to their high energy density and fast redox kinetics. One challenge towards the implementation of such a system is the insufficient electrical conductivity, impeding the charge collection even with highly conductive additives. Herein, the first implementation of a polymeric bis(salicylideniminato) nickel (NiSalen) conductive backbone as an active charge-collecting wire is reported. NiSalen simultaneously serves as a charge collector for nitroxyl pendants and supports the redox capacity of the material. This novel polymer exhibits a specific capacity of up to 91.5 mAh g−1, retaining 87 % of its theoretical capacity at 800 C and more than 30 % at as high as 3000 C (66 % capacity retention after 2000 cycles). The properties of the new material upon operation was studied by means of operando electrochemical methods, UV-Vis, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy

Spins at work: probing charging and discharging of organic radical batteries by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy

Organic radical batteries (ORBs) are a promising class of electrochemical power sources employing organic radicals as redox-active groups. This article reports on the development of a versatile on-substrate electrode setup for spectroelectrochemical Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) measurements on redox conductive polymers for ORBs. Quantitative in operando EPR experiments performed on electrochemical cells with a di-TEMPO Ni-Salen polymer as active electrode material demonstrate a strong decrease in the number of paramagnetic centers upon oxidizing the film. The distinct EPR signatures of the TEMPO-containing polymer and its fragments in different molecular environments are used to study its degradation upon repeated cycling. A comparison between the number of EPR-active sites and the number of electrochemically active charges, as measured by cyclic voltammetry, provides information on the nature of the degradation process. Low-temperature ex situ pulse EPR measurements on the oxidized polymer film reveal the spectrum of dilute nitroxide species, which may be associated with electrochemically inactive islands. These experiments pave the way for advanced EPR techniques for accurately determining distances between adjacent paramagnetic centers and thus for identifying performance-limiting loss mechanisms, which can eventually help develop strategies for making ORBs powerful contenders on the path towards sustainable electrochemical power sources

Limited joint mobility syndrome as a predictor of the diabetic foot syndrome

Diabetes mellitus (DM) can lead to the development of late complications. In addition to the traditional late complications, a high prevalence of damage to the musculoskeletal system in diabetes was noted. The most appropriate term that reflects the defeat of the musculoskeletal system in diabetes is limited joints mobility syndrome (LJM). Damage to the hands in the presence of open painless stiffness of the joints, fixed flexion contractures, impaired fine motor skills of the hands and grip forces. Subsequently, it became clear that, over time, the restriction of joint mobility develops not only in the small joints of the hands, but also in other large and small joints of the limbs. Traditionally, LJM syndrome pays low attention on the part of practitioners in comparison with other micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes, even though LJM can significantly impair functional activity, self-care, and impair the quality of life. It is assumed that damage to the periarticular tissues and joints in DM is caused by the accumulation of end glycation products. A decisive place in the diagnosis of LJM is the clinical examination. In the presence of LJM syndrome, the osteoarticular structures of the feet can be affected, timely diagnosis can lead to the development of diabetic foot syndrome

Pilot Project «All-Russian Registry of Patients with Severe Bronchial Asthma.» The First Results in a Children’s Group of Patients (Moscow’s Observation Program)

The article presents the first results of the pilot observation program «The All-Russian Severe Asthma Patient Registry» which was started in Moscow. Objectives. The objective of this initiative is the accumulation of clinical data on patients with severe bronchial asthma in the Russian Federation. Methods. The chosen method was a registry, the rights holders of which were 3 professional associations — Interregional Public Organization «Russian Respiratory Society», Public Organization «Union of Pediatricians of Russia», All-Russian Public Organization «Association of Allergologists and Clinical Immunologists». Results. The results of the pilot project are presented by the data analysis of electronic case report forms of 36 children (totally, the project included 100 patients, 64 adults and 36 children) enrolled in the program from June to December 2016. Using the registry, a detailed analysis of the clinical characteristics of a group of children with severe atopic bronchial asthma was carried out, the results of a pharmacoepidemiological evaluation of therapy were given. Obtained by the researchers, a high frequency of the assignment of a genetically engineered biologic drug of omalizumab meets the international recommendations but does not reflect the all-Russian reality and can be explained by inclusion in the registry of pediatric patients observed only in the Federal State Autonomous Institution «National Scientific and Practical Center of Children’s Health» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. To determine true indicators that characterize bronchial asthma in children in the Russian Federation it is necessary, undoubtedly, to expand the geography of project participants

Место топического глюкокортикостероида метилпреднизолона ацепоната в наружной терапии атопического дерматита у детей

The article describes the main characteristics of local glucocorticosteroids (GCS) which are the «gold standard» for external therapy of atopic dermatitis allowing to achieve control over  the disease quickly and effectively. Methylprednisolone aceponate 0.1%  — non-fluorinated local GCS, the drug with the most favourable  therapeutic index, the efficacy and safety of which has been  demonstrated in numerous randomized trials — is the optimal  therapeutic option in the treatment of AtD in children from 4 months.Статья посвящена описанию основных характеристик местных глюкокортикостероидов (ГКС), являющихся «золотым стандартом» наружной терапии атопического дерматита, позволяющих  быстро и эффективно достичь контроля над заболеванием. Метилпреднизолона ацепонат 0,1%  — нефторированный местный ГКС, препарат с наиболее благоприятным терапевтическим  индексом, эффективность и безопасность которого продемонстрирована в многочисленных  рандомизированных исследованиях, — является оптимальным терапевтическим выбором при  лечении АтД у детей с 4 мес.Источник финансированияСтатья издается при поддержке компании «Байер»

Оценка качества жизни с помощью вопросника Health Utilities Index у детей c бронхиальной астмой тяжелого персистирующего течения на фоне лечения омализумабом

Background. Quality of life (QoL) is an important parameter that provides additional information about changes in health status. Objective. Our aim was to study the change in QoL of patients with severe persistent bronchial asthma (BA) during the treatment with genetically engineered biological preparation (GIBP) omalizumab in addition to daily background therapy. Methods. The QoL assessment was conducted using the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 and Mark 2 (HUI3, HUI2) questionnaires at two points (1st point and 2nd point — in 6 months) in 47 children with severe BA at the age of 13 (7; 17) years, 72% of them are boys. At the same points, QoL was evaluated using the PAQLQ (S) specialized pediatric questionnaire (Standardized Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire). Results. Depending on the duration of omalizumab therapy, all children were divided into 5 groups: 1st group — children who did not receive treatment with monoclonal antibodies at the 1st point; in 2, 3, 4, 5-th groups, the QoL assessment was performed on GIBP treatment for different time. In children of the 1st group whose QoL was evaluated before starting GIBP therapy and in 6 months, a statistically significant change in scores on the Health Utilities Index questionnaire was noted: the multi-attribute indices HUI2 and HUI3 improved, respectively, by 21.3 and 10.71% (p = 0.041 and 0.086). According to the HUI2 classification system, a significant improvement in the emotion attribute was revealed, which positively correlated with the overall indicator and the emotion indicator of the PAQLQ (S) questionnaire. In the remaining groups, the indicators of the Health Utilities Index questionnaire did not change significantly. Conclusion. The study results showed that the dynamics of the quality of life in children with severe persistent BA is an important additional criterion in a comprehensive assessment of the efficacy of targeted bioengineering therapy. Качество жизни (КЖ) — важный параметр, обеспечивающий дополнительную информацию об изменениях в состоянии здоровья. Цель исследования — изучить изменение КЖ пациентов с бронхиальной астмой (БА) тяжелого персистирующего течения на фоне лечения генно-инженерным биологическим препаратом (ГИБП) омализумабом в дополнение к ежедневной базисной терапии. Методы. Оценка КЖ проводилась с помощью вопросников Health Utilities Index Mark 3 и Mark 2 (HUI3, HUI2) в двух точках (1-я точка и 2-я точка — через 6 мес) у 47 детей с тяжелым течением БА в возрасте 13 (7; 17) лет, из них 72% мальчиков. В этих же точках КЖ было оценено с использованием специализированного детского вопросника PAQLQ(S) (Standardised Paediatric Asthma Quality Of Life Questionnaire). Результаты. В зависимости от длительности терапии омализумабом все дети были разделены на 5 групп: 1-я — дети, которые в 1-й точке не получали лечение моноклональными антителами; во 2, 3, 4, 5-й группах оценка КЖ проводилась на фоне ГИБП в течение разного времени. У детей 1-й группы, у которых КЖ оценивалось до начала терапии ГИБП и через 6 мес, отмечалось статистически значимое изменение баллов по вопроснику Health Utilities Index: мультиатрибутные индексы HUI2 и HUI3 улучшились, соответственно, на 21,3 и 10,71% (р=0,041 и 0,086); по данным классификационной системы HUI2 выявлено достоверное улучшение атрибута «эмоции», который положительно коррелировал с общим показателем и показателем «эмоциональная сфера» вопросника PAQLQ(S). Заключение. Результаты исследования показали, что динамика качества жизни у детей с тяжелой персистирующей БА является важным дополнительным критерием в комплексной оценке эффективности применения таргетной биоинженерной терапии. 

Актуальная тактика ведения детей с бронхиальной астмой

The article is devoted to the problem of timely diagnosis and current principles of management of children with bronchial asthma. Given the  increase in the prevalence of allergic pathology stated over the past  decades, the issues of differential diagnosis, integrated approach to the  treatment and management of children with allergies are extremely  relevant. Strategies of sequential therapy and monitoring of the  patient’s condition, adherence principles are key links in achieving and  maintaining control over bronchial asthma. The publication presents the  main provisions of national clinical guidelines developed and approved  by the professional association «Union of Pediatricians of Russia».Статья посвящена проблеме своевременной диагностики и современным принципам ведения детей с бронхиальной астмой. Учитывая рост распространенности аллергической патологии,  зафиксированный на протяжении последних десятилетий, вопросы дифференциальной  диагностики, комплексного подхода к лечению и ведению детей с аллергией крайне актуальны. Стратегии ступенчатой терапии и мониторинга состояния пациента, принципы приверженности  — ключевые звенья в достижении и поддержании контроля над бронхиальной астмой. В  публикации представлены основные положения национальных клинических рекомендаций,  разработанных и утвержденных профессиональной ассоциацией «Союз педиатров России»