Evaluation and Selection of Different Physical Soil and Water Conservation Techniques for Early Mature Sorghum Root Zone Moisture Retention at Harari Regional State, Erer Research Station

The experiment was conducted at Babille district, during 2018 and 2019 main cropping season at Erer Research Station. Erer research sub site is located latitude of 09o 10' 41.5" north and longitude of 042o 15' 27.3".The objectives of the experiments were to evaluate and select best methods of root zone moisture retention and soil conservation techniques suited for early mature sorghum .The treatments of experiments were, Control (no soil and water conservation measures), open ended tied ridge, level soil bund, contour furrow, closed ended tied ridge, Broad bed, Semi-circular and mulch respectively. The design of the experiment was RCBD with three replication. Genstats 18th editions was used for data Analysis. Statistically there is highly significant variation among the treatments in terms of all parameters at 5% significance level across three planting years. First year, the highest plant height was obtained from the   treatment with Broad bed followed by closed ended tied ridge. On other hand, the lowest plant height was recorded from the treatments with soil bund followed by control (no conservation structure). This is because of no more top fertile soil disturbance during first year. During the second and third planting year, the highest, plant height (132.86cm) and the longest panicle diameter (6.5) was recorded, from the treatments with open ended tied ridge, followed by soil bund and contour furrow respectively. That was because of soil and water conservation (swc) structures design and the extra moisture harvested in those structure than rest treatments. The highest grain yield was obtained from the mulch followed by open ended tied ridge treatment during first year. This is because of no and slight top soil disturbance during the construction stage. During the third year, the maximum grain yield was obtained from contour furrow followed by open ended tied ridge (2130.9 and 2000) kg ha-1) respectively. The lowest grain yield was obtained from no conservation measures followed by mulching (1125 and 1232.1 kg ha-1). The most probable reason for this variation could be due to the amount of the moisture harvested in the root zone of sorghum because of conservation structure. So contour furrow and open ended tied ridges are suitable swc measures for the area. Keywords: swc- physical soil and water conservation, sorghum, moisture. DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/108-06 Publication date:May 31st 202

Maritime Boundaries in the North Sea: a Review

In this paper an overview is given of the geodetic factors that should be taken into account when defining boundaries at sea. Particular attention is given to the North Sea, a sea surrounded by a relatively large number of countries. First, differences between several geodetic and vertical (chart) datums and their international standardisation on nautical charts are considered. Next, precision and reliability aspects of computed median lines are discussed. Attention in a technical way is given to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in relation to national rules and regulations. For The Netherlands in particular, this includes the mining legislation for the continental shelf, the fishing legislation and the regulations with regard to large infrastructural works. Finally, some recommendations will be given to preclude future ambiguities in boundaries at sea

Test Results of DIA: A Real-Time Adaptive Integrity Monitoring Procedure, Used in an Integrated Naviation System

A practical method for real-time kinematic position determination and Quality Control (QC) in (integrated) navigation systems is presented as a combination of an extended iterated Kalm an Filter (KF) and the Detection, Identification and Adaptation (DIA) testing procedure for integrity monitoring as developed by the Delft University of Technology. DIA is a real-time recursive QC tool which can be used on multi-sensor integration. There will be no degradation in the number of sensors used by the navigation system, when applying the DIA theory to possible arising errors. Test results are presented of the KF&DIA procedure, which was implemented in the software of the survey vessel HNIMS BUYSKES of the Royal Netherlands Navy. The results of DIA are evaluated by comparing the position quality (precision and reliability) of the KF&DIA procedure with the solution of a standard integrated Least Squares (LS) position with F-test and w-test (DataSnooping, DS) as QC-tools. This analysis shows that the use of a Ka lm a n Filter in combination with DIA gives more precise results (factor = 1½) when compared to the Least Squares method with F-test and w-test. The reliability also increases, especially in cases where multiple errors in observations at one epoch occur. In general the quality of the KF&DIA solution is less influenced by errors than the LS&DS solution

Participatory Demonstration and Evaluation of Integrated Maize-Forage Production and Soil Conservation through Forage Legumes under Sowing and Grass Strips on Soil Bunds

Soil conservation through integrating legumes with grain crops, and grass strips on soil bunds is an important option for food and feed security of human and livestock respectively. Based on this notion, this research activity was conducted with objectives of improve productivity of land and livestock through the integrated conservation and farm management, demonstrate integrated maize-forage production, and practices of soil and water conservation practices and improve soil fertility through the biological and physical conservation practices from 2016 to 2018 main cropping season in selected sites Kile, Adada1 and Wahil kebeles. The trial was conducted following the procedure of Randomized Control Block Design on three farmers’ fields at each site where farmers are used as replication. Soil bunds extending 20m across contour were constructed on each farm of three farmers. The design of structure was based on the slope of the land which encompasses bund height 70cm and bund width 50cm to protect over toping of flood and increases water retention in the soil. This research found that maize yield 2447.2 kg/ha, 3311.13kg/ha and 3808.66kg/ha; fresh weight of elephant grass 15, 400kg/ha, 6150kg/ha and 20,200kg/ha; and pigeon pea 8200kg/ha, 9620kg/ha, 13800kg/ha an increasing trend across sites throughout three years from the constructed soil bund with integrated system. Soil laboratory analysis also shows an increasing organic matter, available phosphorus and nitrogen because of these integrated systems. Therefore, promoting this integrated system is recommended to small holder farmers by government, Nongovernment and other stakeholders. Key words: Soil bund, Elephant grass, Pigeon pea, Conservation DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/100-02 Publication date:August 31st 202

Stil und Poetischer Charakter bei Detlev von Liliencron

Jeder einzelne Mensch ist ein Glied in der langen Kette der Generationen, längst Vergangenes übt damit seinen EinfluB auf ihn aus. Man weiB es und dennoch stutzt man oft, wenn es an einem Beispiel plötzlich wieder deutlich wird. Es hat etwas Beklemmcndes, es ist, alsob eine blasse Gespensterhand ins volle Leben hineingreift. ... Zie: Zusammenfassun

Mesangial function and glomerular sclerosis in rats after unilateral nephrectomy

Mesangial function and glomerular sclerosis in rats after unilateral nephrectomy. To investigate the possible relationship between disturbance of mesangial function and segmental localization of glomerular sclerosis, five uninephrectomized male Wistar rats and five sham-operated controls received colloidal carbon intravenously. At 4 months 8.4 ± 2.5% of the glomeruli of the nephrectomized rats showed focal sclerosis. Glomeruli of nephrectomized rats contained significantly more carbon than glomeruli of controls. Glomeruli with focal sclerosis contained significantly more carbon than normal glomeruli in the same kidneys with a preferential tracer localization within the lesions. In another experiment carbon injections were given before surgery. At 4 months 12.6 ± 4.1% of the glomeruli of the nephrectomized rats showed focal sclerosis, an incidence not significantly different from that of the first experiment. Glomerular carbon content was equal in experimental and control rats and no preferential localization of the tracer within the lesions was found. From these results we conclude that the preferential localization of carbon in the glomerular lesions in rats nephrectomized before injection of carbon is caused by the increased delivery of tracer shortly after injection to those glomerular areas where sclerosis will develop at a later time. The development of focal sclerosis may be related to the local deposition of harmful substances from the circulation.Fonctionnement mésangial et sclérose glomérulaire chez des rats après néphrectomie unilatérale. Afin d'étudier une éventuelle relation entre des anomalies du fonctionnement mésangial et la localisation segmentaire de la sclérose glomérulaire, cinq rats mâles Wistar uninéphrectomisés et cinq contrôles ayant eu un simulacre d'intervention ont reçu du carbone colloïdal par voie intraveineuse. Au bout de 4 mois, 8,4 ± 2,5% des glomérules des rats néphrectomisés avaient une sclérose focale. Les glomérules des rats néphrectomisés contenaient significativement plus de carbone que les glomérules des contrôles. Les glomérules avec une sclérose focale contenaient significativement plus de carbone que les glomérules normaux des mêmes reins, avec une localisation préférentielle du traceur dans les lésions. Dans une autre expérience des injections de carbone ont été faites avant la chirurgie. Au bout de 4 mois, 12,6 ± 4,1% des glomérules des rats néphrectomisés avaient une sclérose focale, cette incidence n'étant pas significativement différente de celle observée au cours de la première expérience. Le contenu en carbone des glomérules était identique chez les rats expérimentaux et contrôles, et il n'a pas été trouvé de localisation préférentielle du traceur dans les lésions. De ces résultats, nous concluons que la localisation préférentielle du carbone dans les lésions glomérulaires de rats néphrectomisés avant une injection de carbone est dûe à une augmentation de l'afflux du traceur peu de temps après l'injection dans les aires glomérulaires où la sclérose se développera ultérieurement. Le développement d'une sclérose focale pourrait être relié au dépôt localisé de substances délétères provenant de la circulation