La traduction dans une perspective de genre. Enjeux politiques, éditoriaux et professionnels

Cet ouvrage s’inscrit dans le cadre théorique de la traduction conçue dans une perspective de genre, un contexte qui sous-tend que la langue n’est jamais neutre, et que tout acte de langage a une dimension politique et des retombées du point de vue culturel et social. Les essais qu’il propose abordent quelques sujets majeurs dans ce domaine. Le livre s’ouvre avec une réflexion de nature générale sur la circulation difficile au niveau transnational de la terminologie et de certains concepts des études de genre ainsi que sur les problèmes posés par leur traduction. Dans le cadre d’une réflexion attentive à la dimension professionnelle, l’expérience de Barbara Bray, médiatrice interculturelle pour la BBC, est ensuite présentée comme un acte politique d’engagement d’une traductrice d’exception. La question du “gender bias” dans la traduction automatique, un enjeu qu’il est désormais indispensable d’affronter, fait l’objet d’une analyse visant à en cerner les causes et à suggérer des solutions possibles. Ces essais sont suivis d’études qui se penchent sur l’édition de textes littéraires traduits et s’intéressent en particulier aux enjeux de la traduction du langage non binaire, ainsi qu’aux politiques éditoriales de diverses maisons d’édition de littérature jeunesse. Ces deux domaines, qui n’ont été abordés par les études de genre que très récemment, ouvrent des perspectives de recherche nouvelles et fécondes

Diagnostic accuracy of short-time inversion recovery sequence in Graves' ophthalmopathy before and after prednisone treatment

Introduction: In Graves' Ophthalmopathy, it is important to distinguish active inflammatory phase, responsive to immunosuppressive treatment, from fibrotic unresponsive inactive one. The purpose of this study is, first, to identify the relevant orbital magnetic resonance imaging signal intensities before treatment, so to classify patients according to their clinical activity score (CAS), discriminating inactive (CAS3) subjects and, second, to follow post-steroid treatment disease. Methods: An observational study was executed on 32 GO consecutive patients in different phases of disease, based on clinical and orbital Magnetic Resonance Imaging parameters, compared to 32 healthy volunteers. Orbital Magnetic Resonance Imaging was performed on a 1.5 tesla Magnetic Resonance Unit by an experienced neuroradiologist blinded to the clinical examinations. Results: In pre-therapy patients, compared to controls, a medial rectus muscle statistically significant signal intensity ratio (SIR) in short-time inversion recovery (STIR) (long TR/TE) sequence was found, as well as when comparing patients before and after treatment, both medial and inferior rectus muscle SIR resulted significantly statistically different in STIR. These increased outcomes explain the inflammation oedematous phase of disease, moreover after steroid administration, compared to controls; patients presented lack of that statistically significant difference, thus suggesting treatment effectiveness. Conclusion: In our study, we proved STIR signal intensities increase in inflammation oedematous phase, confirming STIR sequence to define active phase of disease with more sensibility and reproducibility than CAS alone and to evaluate post-therapy involvement. © 2014 Springer-Verlag

Minimally invasive percutaneous treatment for osteoid osteoma of the Spine. A case report

Osteoid osteomas are benign but painful bone-forming tumors usually involving long bones, with localization at the spine in 10-20% of the cases. The most common symptom is back pain responding to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but in some cases, also radicular pain can be present. For years, surgical excision has been considered the best choice of treatment for cases with unresponsive pain and has been practiced with a high percentage of success but also a high rate of fusion with instrumentation. In the last years, percutaneous radiofrequency ablation has been proposed as a new mini-invasive technique for the treatment of osteoid osteomas

Cholesteatoma vs granulation tissue: a differential diagnosis by DWI-MRI apparent diffusion coefficient

To diagnose cholesteatoma when it is not visible through tympanic perforation, imaging techniques are necessary. Recently, the combination of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging has proven effective to diagnose middle ear cholesteatoma. In particular, diffusion weighted images have integrated the conventional imaging for the qualitative assessment of cholesteatoma. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to obtain a quantitative analysis of cholesteatoma calculating the apparent diffusion coefficient value. So, we investigated whether it could differentiate cholesteatoma from other inflammatory tissues both in a preoperative and in a postoperative study

FRI0272 Early damage assessment and prediction of damage accrual in primary sjÖgren's syndrome using salivary gland ultrasonography during 2 years of follow-up

n/

Skull Base Fungal Osteomyelitis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) is an invasive infection refractory to therapy, closely linked with malignant otitis externa (MOE). It is characterized by a mild clinical presentation that can delay cross-sectional imaging considered as the key to revealing it. Skull base osteomyelitis typically affects elderly diabetics and immunocompromised patients (>70 years). It most commonly has an otogenic origin due to an extension of MOE. The prognosis can be very poor without the administration of adequate and timely therapy at an early disease stage. Nowadays, Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains the most common pathogen associated with SBO. Fungi are a rare cause of MOE. This report documents a rare case of otogenic SBO caused by Candida parapsilosis in a diabetic patient, with persistent otologic symptoms as clinical onset and resistance to medical treatment. Fungal MOE has more subtle symptoms and is more aggressive than its bacterial counterpart. When MOE is resistant to antibacterial drugs, this should raise the suspicion of a fungal etiology of MOE. The current guidelines do not exhaustively describe the diagnosis, antifungal drugs of choice, and optimum duration of treatment. The description of these rare clinical cases should help with the multidisciplinary management of this disease in order to optimize the diagnosis and therapeutic protocol

Determinants of Deep Gray Matter Atrophy in Multiple Sclerosis: A Multimodal MRI Study

Deep gray matter involvement is a consistent feature in multiple sclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between different deep gray matter alterations and the development of subcortical atrophy, as well as to investigate the possible different substrates of volume loss between phenotypes. Seventy-seven patients with MS (52 with relapsing-remitting and 25 with progressive MS) and 41 healthy controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. MR imaging investigation included volumetric, DTI, PWI and Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping analyses. Deep gray matter structures were automatically segmented to obtain volumes and mean values for each MR imaging metric in the thalamus, caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus. Between-group differences were probed by ANCOVA analyses, while the contribution of different MR imaging metrics to deep gray matter atrophy was investigated via hierarchic multiple linear regression models. Patients with MS showed a multifaceted involvement of the thalamus and basal ganglia, with significant atrophy of all deep gray matter structures (P.001). In the relapsing-remitting MS group,WMlesion burden proved to be the main contributor to volume loss for all deep gray matter structures (P .006), with a minor role of local microstructural damage, which, in turn, was the main determinant of deep gray matter atrophy in patients with progressive MS (P .01), coupled with thalamic susceptibility changes (P .05). Our study confirms the diffuse involvement of deep gray matter in MS, demonstrating a different behavior between MS phenotypes, with subcortical GM atrophy mainly determined by global WM lesion burden in patients with relapsing-remitting MS, while local microstructural damage and susceptibility changes mainly accounted for the development of deep gray matter volume loss in patients with progressive MS

ps8 161 the disease burden in patients with longstanding systemic lupus erythematosus focus on health resource use and costs

Introduction As a consequence of increased SLE patients survival, patients with long disease duration represent a significant proportion of our cohorts. This study aims to evaluate health resource use and the 6 months costs in patients with SLE with long disease duration. Methods The economic evaluation was performed in terms of cost-of-illness analysis as part of a larger study enrolling SLE patients with at least 15 years of disease duration regularly followed at our unit. At enrollment, the following information were collected: disease activity (SLEDAI), organ damage (SLICC-DI score), comorbidities, treatment patterns; in addition to clinical data, patients were required to complete an ad-hoc questionnaire for the collection of facts relevant for the estimation of the economic dimension and covering the previous six-months. Such a time frame was considered to be appropriate as recall period. Direct health (drugs, hospitalizations, emergency visits, specialists visits, laboratory tests and instrumental examination) and non-health costs (transportation and accommodation) as well as indirect costs because of productivity loss were estimated. Results 51 adult patients with long disease duration were recruited (98% female, mean age 49±11 years, median disease duration 17 years, IQR 15–23). Median (IQR) SLEDAI score was 2 (0–4), median SLICC-DI was 1 (0–2). The median (IQR) direct health costs per patients over the previous 6 months resulted 410€ (201–1687); indirect costs because of productivity lost were 130€ (0–356). The median overall cost to the Society was 473€ (327–2148); the presence of comorbid conditions resulted associated with higher overall cost for the Society (552€ [327–1807] vs 264€ [94–1164] p=0.046); disease activity and damage at enrollment were not associated with costs increase in this cohort. Conclusions This cohort of patients with long lasting disease is characterised by low disease activity and mild organ damage; in this setting, the disease burden on the single patient and family is significant and the costs to the Society are influenced by the presence of comorbidities