Net Intercensal Migration For States And Geographic Divisions Of The United States, 1950-1960: Methodological And Substantive Aspects

The main purpose of this report is to carry forward the major migration series analyzed in Population Redistribution and Economic Growth, and to summarize developments in 1950-1960. In the process, considerable emphasis is placed upon comparisons between 1950-1960 and 1940-1950. Because the historica1 data exclude Hawaii and Alaska, much of the discussion deals with conterminous United States rather than with the total United States as now constituted. In addition, estimates derived by other methods are compared with those based on census survival ratios, and some attempt is made to evaluate the merits of each and to integrate the findings

Establishment of a Structure-Activity Relationship in Heterogeneous Titanosilicate Catalysts for Olefin Epoxidation via a Building Block Method

The non-aqueous building block (NABB) method is a synthetic method that has the goal of producing atomically dispersed, well-defined, single-site heterogeneous catalysts. The active sites of these catalysts are able to be structured on the nanometer scale using the process of sequential additions. The method is designed in such a manner that it should be able to produce a series of catalysts each with a unique, well-defined, single active site. This series of catalysts can then be used to elucidate the structure-activity relationship for the active site in a particular chemical reaction. In this dissertation a new building block, butyltin cube, is developed for the NABB method. The preparation of the butyltin cube uses reagents that are less toxic and costly than the reagents used to prepare the previous methyltin cube starting material. A series of titanium NABB materials containing different active sites was prepared. The local structure around the active site of these materials was then probed using quantitative NMR, FT-IR, Raman, XANES, and EXAFS. The activity and selectivity of these materials in the epoxidation of cyclohexene with tert-butylhydroperoxide was then measured. The information was then used to propose a structure-activity relationship for olefin epoxidation and comparisons were made with structure-activity relationships noted in the literature

The Estimation Of Intercensal Migration From Birth-Residence Statistics: A Study Of Data For The United States, 1950 And 1960

One of the principal objections to the use of census survival ratios for estimating net migration is the error that must arise from geographic variations in enumeration error and in mortality rates around the national averages. The possibility of reducing this type of error emerged with the tabulation, in two successive censuses, of birth-residence statistics for the native population of the United States by age, sex and color. By treating each group of persons having a common area of birth as a closed population, one can derive census survival ratios for the decade 1950-1960 that are specific for area of birth as well as for age, sex and color

Immunoregulatory functions for murine intraepithelial lymphocytes: gamma/delta T cell receptor-positive (TCR+) T cells abrogate oral tolerance, while alpha/beta TCR+ T cells provide B cell help.

Past work has shown that a subset of effector T cells with unique characteristics could abrogate hapten- or antigen-induced tolerance, and the reconstitution of this immune response has been termed contrasuppression. We have studied contrasuppression in a model of oral tolerance (OT) in which adoptively transferred antigen-specific T contrasuppressor (Tcs) cells reverse OT and result in antibody responses to the eliciting antigen. In the present study, we show that murine intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) from mice orally immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) contain T cells that exhibit Tcs cell activity. This effect was mediated by CD3+ gamma/delta T cell receptor-positive (TCR+), but not alpha/beta TCR+ T cells, and gamma/delta TCR+ Tcs cells were associated with both the CD4-,CD8+ and CD4-,CD8- (double-negative) IEL fractions. The CD4-,CD8+ gamma/delta TCR+ IELs were further separated into Vicia villosa-adherent and -nonadherent fractions. Adoptive transfer of V. villosa-adherent gamma/delta TCR+ T cells to mice with OT to SRBC resulted in splenic IgA, IgM, and IgG subclass anti-SRBC responses, while V. villosa-nonadherent gamma/delta TCR+ T cells were without activity. The gamma/delta TCR+ IELs did not support in vitro antibody responses in B cell cultures, while alpha/beta TCR+ IELs were effective T helper cells. Further, cytokine production by the gamma/delta TCR+ IELs was examined, and the gamma/delta TCR+ V. villosa-adherent fraction, which possessed contrasuppressor function, contained low levels of IL-5 mRNA and small numbers of IL-5-producing cells when compared with alpha/beta TCR+ IELs and V. villosa-nonadherent gamma/delta TCR+ IELs. Our results now show that mouse IELs contain two distinct types of T cells that function in the immune response, e.g., alpha/beta TCR+ T cells that produce IL-5 and function as helper cells, and gamma/delta TCR+ T cells that restore antibody responses in mice that had been orally tolerized with antigen

Apparatus for performing high-temperature fiber push-out testing

The apparatus disclosed in the present invention measures the force at which a fiber resist the motion of an indenter driven at constant speed. This apparatus conducts these test in a vacuum of about 10(exp -6) tort and at temperatures up to 1100 C. Temperature and vacuum environment are maintained while controlling indenter motion, sample position, and providing magnified visual inspection during the test

Estimating marine reservoir effects in archaeological chronologies: Comparing ΔR calculations in Prince Rupert Harbour, British Columbia, Canada

The best method for quantifying the marine reservoir effect (MRE) using the global IntCal Marine13 calibration curve remains unresolved. Archaeologists frequently quantify uncertainty on MRE values as errors computed from single pairs of marineterrestrial radiocarbon ages, which we argue significantly overstates their accuracy and precision. Here, we review the assumptions, methods, and applications of estimating MRE via an estimate of the additional regional offset between the marine and terrestrial calibration curves (ΔR) for the Prince Rupert Harbour (PRH) region of British Columbia, Canada.We acknowledge the influence on ΔR of MRE variation as (1) a dynamic oceanographic process, (2) its variable expression in biochemical and geochemical pathways, and (3) compounding errors in sample selection, measurement, and calculation. We examine a large set of marine-terrestrial pairs (n = 63) from PRH to compare a common archaeological practice of estimating uncertainty from means that generate an uncertainty value of ±49 years with a revised, more appropriate estimate of error of ± 230 years. However, we argue that the use of multiple-pair samples estimates the PRH ΔR as 273 ± 38 years for the last 5,000 years. Calculations of error that do not consider these issues may generate more inaccurate age estimates with unjustifiable precision