Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation symptoms among university students: a systematic review / Prevalência de sintomas ansiedade, depressão e ideação suicida entre estudantes universitários: uma revisão sistemática

Several studies have suggested an increase in the prevalence of mental disorders and suicidal ideation among university students. This review aims to determine the current prevalence of university students identified with anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation symptoms worldwide. After the survey in five electronic databases utilizing the PRISMA guidelines, 48 articles involving 40 countries and 56,816 students were selected. The results showed a prevalence of 24.5% for anxiety symptoms, 26.1% for depression symptoms, and 18.8% for suicidal ideation. Moreover, the prevalence of all these situations was higher in health students than in the general university population. The high prevalence of mental disorders in university students highlights the importance of strategies for prevention, diagnosis and treatment in this population

Acidentes no deslocamento e no trabalho entre brasileiros ocupados, Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013 e 2019

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of accidents at work, according to sociodemographic and occupational variables, in 2013 and 2019. Methods: Cross-sectional study using data from the National Health Survey (PNS) 2013 and 2019. Typical work accidents (WA), detachment (DA) and Total Work Accidents (WAT) were evaluated.  The prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of WAT in 2013 and 2019 were estimated according the explanatory variables and for Federation Units and capitals. In 2019, the prevalence and 95%CI according to the explanatory variables were calculated using crude and adjusted for sex and age group prevalence ratios (PR). Results: WAT prevalence increased from 4.96% (95%CI: 4.55-5.38) in 2013 to 4.13% (95%CI: 3.80-4.46) in 2019. In 2013, Para led in prevalence of WAT, and Mato Grosso in 2019. The prevalence of WA and AD in 2019 were: 2.64% (95%CI: 2.37-2.91) and 1.60% (95%CI: 1.40-1.80). In 2019, the prevalence for WAT were higher for men (PR: 1.92; 95%CI 1.62-2.27); in 18-29 age group (PR: 2.71; 95%CI 1.99-3.68); people with complete elementary school and incomplete high school (PR: 2.09; 95%CI 1.57-2.78); and black (RP: 1.43; 95%CI 1.12-1.84). People without a formal contract had a lower prevalence of RTA (PR: 0.77; 95%CI 0.66-0.90). AT was higher in rural areas (PR: 1.32 (1.09-1.60). Conclusion: There was a reduction in WAT between 2013 and 2019. Men, young people, black people and individuals with less education, residents in rural area had higher prevalence of WA in 2019, demonstrating a relationship between health-disease-accident processes.Objetivo: Analisar as prevalências de acidentes de trabalho, segundo variáveis sociodemográficas e ocupacionais, em 2013 e 2019. Métodos: Estudo transversal utilizando dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) 2013 e 2019. Avaliou-se os acidentes de trabalho típico (AT), descolamento (AD) e Acidentes de Trabalho Totais (ATT). As prevalências e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) de ATT em 2013 e 2019 foram estimadas segundo as variáveis explicativas, Unidades da Federação e capitais. Em 2019, foram calculadas as prevalências e IC95% segundo variáveis explicativas e razões de prevalência (RP) bruta e ajustada por sexo e faixa etária. Resultados: A prevalência de ATT passou de 4,96% (IC95%: 4,55-5,38) em 2013 para 4,13% (IC95%: 3,80-4,46) em 2019. Em 2013, o Pará liderou em prevalência de ATT e em 2019 a maior prevalência foi no Mato Grosso. As prevalências de AT e AD em 2019 foram, respectivamente 2,64% (IC95%: 2,37-2,91) e 1,60% (IC95%: 1,40-1,80). Em 2019, as prevalências para ATT foram mais elevadas para  homens (RP:1,92; IC95% 1,62-2,27); na faixa etária de 18 a 29 anos (RP: 2,71; IC95% 1,99-3,68); pessoas com ensino fundamental completo/médio incompleto (RP: 2,09; IC95% 1,57-2,78); de cor preta (RP: 1,43; IC95% 1,12-1, 84), e menor em pessoas sem carteira de trabalho (RP: 0,77; IC95% 0,66-0,90).  AT foi maior na zona rural (RP: 1,32 (1,09-1,60). Conclusão: Houve redução dos ATT entre 2013 e 2019. Homens, jovens, pretos e indivíduos com menor escolaridade, trabalhadores da zona rural, apresentaram maiores prevalências de AT em 2019, demonstrando uma relação dos processos saúde-doença-acidente

Cultura de embrião e indução de brotos in vitro para micropropagação do pinhão‑manso

O objetivo deste trabalho foi otimizar o cultivo e desenvolvimento de embriões, bem como avaliar a indução da micropropagação do pinhão‑manso (Jatropha curcas) in vitro. Na primeira etapa, foi avaliada a influência da sacarose (concentrações 0, 15, 30 e 60 g L-1) no desenvolvimento de embriões em meio basal MS. Das plântulas geradas no cultivo de embriões, foram excisadas microestacas e colocadas em meio MS suplementado com os reguladores vegetais 6‑benziladenina (BA), 6‑benzilaminopurina (BAP), cinetina (6‑furfuriladenina) (KIN) e ácido 4‑(3‑indolil) butírico (AIB), nas concentrações 0,5, 1,0, 2,0 e 3,0 mg L-1. Os resultados evidenciaram que a faixa de 15 a 30 g L-1 de suplementação exógena da sacarose promove o melhor alongamento da parte aérea das plantas; a rizogênese, contudo, é mais vigorosa na faixa de 30 a 60 g L-1, em que ocorre aumento significativo do número de raízes. Na fase de micropropagação, o BAP à concentração de 2,0 mg L-1 induz maior número de brotações, enquanto a KIN (1,0 e 2,0 mg L-1) promove maior número de folhas. Ocorre calogênese na base das brotações, mais significativa na suplementação com 2,0 mg L-1 de 6‑BAP. A melhor concentração de sacarose, quanto ao vigor vegetal e rapidez na obtenção de explantes, é de 30 g L-1. Na micropropagação, os melhores resultados da organogênese direta de brotações ocorrem à concentração de 2,0 mg L-1 de BAP.The objective of this work was to optimize the cultivation and embryo development, as well as to evaluate in vitro micropropagation induction of physic nut (Jatropha curcas). In the initial stage, the influence of sucrose (concentrations of 0, 15, 30 and 60 g L-1) on the development of embryos in basal MS medium was evaluated. From the seedlings generated in the embryo culture, microcuttings were excised and inoculated on MS medium supplemented with the plant regulators 6‑benzyladenine (BA), 6‑benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin (6‑furfuryladenine) (KIN) and 4‑(3‑indolyl) butyric acid (IBA), in the concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg L-1. The results showed that the range of 15 to 30 g L-1 of exogenous supplementation with sucrose promotes the best shoot elongation of plants; however, rhizogenesis is more vigorous in the range from 30 to 60 g L-1, in which a significant increase of the number of roots occurs. In the micropropagation phase, BAP at 2.0 mg L-1 concentration induces a higher number of shoots, while KIN (1.0 and 2.0 mg L-1) promotes a higher number of leaves. Callogenesis occurs on the shoot base, being more significant when supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 of 6‑BAP. The best sucrose concentration, for plant vigor and speed in obtaining explants, is 30 g L-1. In micropropagation, the best results for direct shoot organogenesis occur at 2.0 mg L-1 BAP concentration

Depression and anxiety among patients undergoing dialysis and kidney transplantation : a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety are the most prevalent psychological disorders among end-stage renal disease patients and are associated with various conditions that result in poorer health outcomes, e.g. reduced quality of life and survival. We aimed to investigate the prevalences of depression and anxiety among patients undergoing renal replacement therapy. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS: Patients? depression and anxiety levels were assessed using the Beck Inventory. The independent variables were the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), Charlson Comorbidity Index and Global Subjective Assessment, along with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: 205 patients were included. Depression and anxiety symptoms were detected in 41.7% and 32.3% of dialysis patients and 13.3% and 20.3% of transplantation patients, respectively. Lower SF-36 mental summary scores were associated with depression among transplantation patients (odds ratio, OR: 0.923; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.85-0.99; P = 0.03) and dialysis patients (OR: 0.882; 95% CI: 0.83-0.93; P ? 0.001). Physical component summary was associated with depression among dialysis patients (OR: 0.906; 95% CI: 0.85-0.96; P = 0.001). Loss of vascular access (OR: 3.672; 95% CI: 1.05-12.78; P = 0.04), comorbidities (OR: 1.578; 95% CI: 1.09-2.27; P = 0.01) and poorer SF-36 mental (OR: 0.928; 95% CI: 0.88-0.97; P = 0.002) and physical (OR: 0.943; 95% CI: 0.89-0.99; P = 0.03) summary scores were associated with anxiety among dialysis patients. CONCLUSIONS: Depression and anxiety symptoms occurred more frequently among patients undergoing dialysis. Quality of life, comorbidities and loss of vascular access were associated factors

Observando por meio da lupa da COVID-19: um exame das disparidades nas capitais brasileiras

Introduction: To identify the correlation socioeconomic and health indicators with the progress of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazilian capitals. Methods: Ecological study with cases data confirmed by COVID-19 registered from March to June/2020, Municipal Human Development Index, Gross Domestic Product per capita, percentage of households in subnormal agglomerates and Infant Mortality Rate. The advance of the epidemic was characterized by the growth of cases, and their correlation by Pearson's correlation matrix. Results: Was observed the growing increase trend of COVID-19 in all Brazil’s capitals. The incidence in March was higher in the capitals of the Southeast and in the other months in the North. The mortality rate was higher in Southeast’s capitals in the first three months and, in June, the rate of North’s capital is equals to the Southeast. Greater growth in COVID-19 cases was observed in the capitals of the North and Northeast in all the periods evaluated. This growth showed a positive correlation with the Infant Mortality Rate (r=0,609; p<0,001) and negative correlation with Municipal Human Development Index (r=-0,511; p=0,007). Conclusions: These findings signal regional differentials that act as a condition for the dynamics of COVID-19. The epidemic has been a magnifying glass for inequalities in the country, exposing historical inequities in the health of the brazilian population. The recognition of this scenario of inequalities in the dynamics of transmission COVID-19 offers a targeting for proposing measures that impact the social determinants and the urban environment.Introducción: Identificar la correlación entre indicadores socioeconómicos y de salud con el avance de la epidemia de COVID en las capitales brasileñas. Métodos: Estudio ecológico con datos de casos confirmados, de marzo a junio, Índice de Desarrollo Humano Municipal (IDHM), Producto Interno Bruto per cápita, porcentaje de hogares subnormales y Tasa de Mortalidad Infantil (TMI). El avance de la epidemia se caracterizó por el crecimiento de casos en el período y su correlación con variables socioeconómicas y de salud, mediante la matriz de correlación de Pearson. Resultados: Hubo una tendencia creciente al aumento de casos en todas las capitales. La incidencia en marzo fue mayor en las capitales del Sureste y, en otros meses, en el Norte. La tasa de mortalidad hasta mayo fue mayor en las capitales del sureste, y en junio similar en el norte y sureste. En cada período analizado se observó un mayor crecimiento de casos en las capitales del Norte y Nordeste. El crecimiento se correlacionó positivamente con IMT (r = 0,609; p <0,001) y negativo con MHDI (r = -0,511; p = 0,007). Discusión: La epidemia ha sido una lupa para las desigualdades en el país, exponiendo las inequidades en salud. El reconocimiento de los diferenciales regionales como condicionantes de la dinámica de COVID ofrece orientación para las medidas que se centran en sus determinantes sociales.Introdução: Identificar correlação entre indicadores socioeconômicos e de saúde com o avanço da epidemia de COVID nas capitais brasileiras. Métodos: Estudo ecológico com dados de casos confirmados, de março a junho, Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM), Produto Interno Bruto per capita, percentual de domicílios subnormais e Taxa de Mortalidade Infantil (TMI). Caracterizou-se o avanço da epidemia pelo crescimento de casos no período, e, sua correlação com variáveis ​​socioeconômicas e de saúde, pela matriz de correlação de Pearson. Resultados:Ocorrência crescente do aumento de casos em todas as capitais. O aumento em março foi maior nas capitais do Sudeste e, nos outros meses nas do Norte. A taxa de mortalidade até maio era maior em capitais do Sudeste, e em junho semelhante no Norte e Sudeste. Verificou-se, para cada período analisado, maior crescimento de casos nas capitais do Norte e Nordeste. O crescimento teve correlação positiva com a TMI (r = 0,609; p <0,001) e negativa com IDHM (r = -0,511; p = 0,007). Discussão: A epidemia tem sido uma lupa para as desigualdades no país, desnudando as iniquidades na saúde. O reconhecimento dos diferenciais regionais como condicionantes da dinâmica da COVID oferece direcionamento para medidas com foco em seus determinantes sociais

Development and evaluation of a mobile decision support system for hypertension management in the primary care setting in Brazil : mixed-methods rield study on usability, feasibility, and utility.

Background: Despite being an important cardiovascular risk factor, hypertension has low control levels worldwide. Computerized clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) might be effective in reducing blood pressure with a potential impact in reducing cardiovascular risk. Objective: The goal of the research was to evaluate the feasibility, usability, and utility of a CDSS, TeleHAS (tele?hipertens?o arterial sist?mica, or arterial hypertension system), in the care of patients with hypertension in the context of a primary care setting in a middle-income country. Methods: The TeleHAS app consists of a platform integrating clinical and laboratory data on a particular patient, from which it performs cardiovascular risk calculation and provides evidence-based recommendations derived from Brazilian and international guidelines for the management of hypertension and cardiovascular risk. Ten family physicians from different primary care units in the city of Montes Claros, Brazil, were randomly selected to use the CDSS for the care of hypertensive patients for 6 months. After 3 and 6 months, the feasibility, usability, and utility of the CDSS in the routine care of the health team was evaluated through a standardized questionnaire and semistructured interviews. Results: Throughout the study, clinicians registered 535 patients with hypertension, at an average of 1.24 consultations per patient. Women accounted for 80% (8/10) of participant doctors, median age was 31.5 years (interquartile range 27 to 59 years). As for feasibility, 100% of medical users claimed it was possible to use the app in the primary care setting, and for 80% (8/10) of them it was easy to incorporate its use into the daily routine and home visits. Nevertheless, 70% (7/10) of physicians claimed that the time taken to fill out the CDSS causes significant delays in service. Clinicians evaluated TeleHAS as good (8/10, 80% of users), with easy completion and friendly interface (10/10, 100%) and the potential to improve patients? treatment (10/10, 100%). A total of 90% (9/10) of physicians had access to new knowledge about cardiovascular risk and hypertension through the app recommendations and found it useful to promote prevention and optimize treatment. Conclusions: In this study, a CDSS developed to assist the management of patients with hypertension was feasible in the context of a primary health care setting in a middle-income country, with good user satisfaction and the potential to improve adherence to evidence-based practices

Hepatitis C incidence in hemodialysis patients in Brazil from 2000 to 2003.

O estudo visou estimar a incid?ncia dos fatores associados ? soroconvers?o para o anti-HCV em pacientes em hemodi?lise no Sistema ?nico de Sa?de (SUS). Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo, n?o concorrente, utilizando dados de pacientes identificados por relacionamento determin?stico- probabil?stico nos registros dos sistemas de informa??o do SUS. Foram inclu?dos 47.079 pacientes que iniciaram em hemodi?lise no per?odo de 1o de janeiro de 2000 a 31 de dezembro de 2003, acompanhados at? a soroconvers?o ou o t?rmino do estudo em 2004. Nesta pesquisa, 3% dos pacientes em hemodi?lise apresentaram soroconvers?o para anti-HCV (incid?ncia de 1,7 soroconvers?o por 100 pacientes/ano). Maior risco de soroconvers?o para o anti-HCV foi associado com idade, glomerulonefrites, regi?o de resid?ncia, anti-HIV positivo e efeito da unidade de di?lise. A incid?ncia observada de soroconvers?o para anti-HCV foi semelhante ? registrada em alguns pa?ses desenvolvidos, destacando-se a evid?ncia de transmiss?o entre os pacientes em hemodi?lise

Autocoleta de swab nasofaríngeo e teste molecular em pool testing como estratégias para detecção de coronavírus da síndrome respiratória aguda grave 2 (SARS-CoV-2): viabilidade em estudantes de medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2021

Objective: To show the feasibility of using combined nasopharyngeal swab auto-collection and pool testing to detect SARS-CoV-2 in epidemiological surveys. Methods: The study involved a sample of 154 students from the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, who performed the self-collection of the nasopharyngeal swab in individual booths without supervision. Molecular testing was performed using the pool testing technique. Results: Obtaining samples lasted about 5 minutes each. Analysis 6 was performed to detect endogenous RNA in 40 samples, and the results indicated that no failures resulted from self-collection. None of the pools detected the presence of viral RNA. The cost of performing the molecular test (RT-PCR) by pool testing with samples obtained by self-collection was about 10 times lower than with the usual methods. Conclusion: The investigated strategies showed to be economically feasible and valid for the research of SARS-CoV-2 in epidemiological surveys.Objetivo: Demostrar la viabilidad de utilizar el uso combinado de la autocollección de swabs nasofaríngeos y pool testing para la detección del SARS-CoV2 en encuestas epidemiológicas. Métodos: El estudio involucró a una muestra de 154 estudiantes de la Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, quienes realizaron la autocolección del hisopo nasofaríngeo en cabinas individuales sin supervision. La prueba molecular se realizó utilizando la técnica de prueba de grupo. Resultados: La obtención de muestras duró unos 5 minutos por persona. Se realizó un análisis para detectar RNA endógeno en 40 muestras y los resultados indicaron que no hubo fallas derivadas de la autocolección. Ninguno de los grupos detectó la presencia de RNA viral. El costo de realizar una prueba molecular (RT-PCR) por pool con muestras obtenidas por auto-recolección fue aproximadamente 10 veces menor que con los métodos habituales. Conclusión: Las estrategias investigadas demonstraram ser económicamente viables y válidas para la investigación del SARS-CoV-2 en encuestas epidemiológicas.Objetivo: Demonstrar a viabilidade da utilização combinada da autocoleta de swab nasofaríngeo e pool testing para detecção do SARS-CoV-2 em inquéritos epidemiológicos. Métodos: O estudo envolveu amostra de 154 estudantes da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, que realizaram a autocoleta do swab nasofaríngeo em cabines individuais e sem supervisão. O teste molecular foi realizado utilizando-se a técnica de pool testing. Resultados: A obtenção de amostras durou cerca de 5 minutos por pessoa. Realizou-se análise para detecção de RNA endógeno em 40 amostras e os resultados indicaram que não houve falhas decorrentes da autocoleta. Nenhum dos pools detectou presença de RNA viral. O custo da realização do teste molecular (RT-PCR) por pool testing com amostras obtidas por autocoleta foi cerca de dez vezes menor do que nos métodos habituais. Conclusão: As estratégias investigadas mostraram-se economicamente viáveis e válidas para a pesquisa de SARS-CoV-2 em inquéritos epidemiológicos