An economic evaluation of vaccination in children against meningococcal infection in Moscow

Meningococcal infection (MI) is one of the most serious and life-threatening with an average mortality rate of 15 %. Infection accounts for the largest number of deaths of all infectious diseases among children under 17 years of age. Aim. Using simulation mathematical modeling to evaluate the potential epidemiological and economic benefits of vaccination against MI for children under the age of 1 year in Moscow with a Meningococcal (Groups A, C, Y and W-135) Polysaccharide Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine. Methods. The assessment of potential indicators of morbidity and mortality of children under the age of 1 year after vaccination in a hypothetic cohort was carried out, considering a period of the stable post-vaccination immunity. Data were compared with the indicators of the MI incidence in Moscow. Monetary equivalents of economic benefits are calculated, considering the cost of vaccination, direct and indirect costs. Results. It is possible to reduce the number of MI cases by 73 %, mortality by an average on 85 % after vaccination, in the horizon of 5 years of maintaining immunity tension, Vaccination of children under one year old can reduce the number of disability cases that occur after severe forms of infection. As a result, the economic impact from the mentioned disease can be reduced by 75 %. Conclusion. The resulting economic benefits in the future may significantly exceed the cost of vaccination. It seems expedient to accelerate the introduction of vaccination of children's contingents against MI

Genomic Profiling of Smoldering Multiple Myeloma Identifies Patients at a High Risk of Disease Progression

PURPOSE: Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is a precursor condition of multiple myeloma (MM) with a 10% annual risk of progression. Various prognostic models exist for risk stratification; however, those are based on solely clinical metrics. The discovery of genomic alterations that underlie disease progression to MM could improve current risk models. METHODS: We used next-generation sequencing to study 214 patients with SMM. We performed whole-exome sequencing on 166 tumors, including 5 with serial samples, and deep targeted sequencing on 48 tumors. RESULTS: We observed that most of the genetic alterations necessary for progression have already been acquired by the diagnosis of SMM. Particularly, we found that alterations of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (KRAS and NRAS single nucleotide variants [SNVs]), the DNA repair pathway (deletion 17p, TP53, and ATM SNVs), and MYC (translocations or copy number variations) were all independent risk factors of progression after accounting for clinical risk staging. We validated these findings in an external SMM cohort by showing that patients who have any of these three features have a higher risk of progressing to MM. Moreover, APOBEC associated mutations were enriched in patients who progressed and were associated with a shorter time to progression in our cohort. CONCLUSION: SMM is a genetically mature entity whereby most driver genetic alterations have already occurred, which suggests the existence of a right-skewed model of genetic evolution from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to MM. We identified and externally validated genomic predictors of progression that could distinguish patients at high risk of progression to MM and, thus, improve on the precision of current clinical models

Intercomparison of Fast Response Carbon Dioxide Sensors under Field Conditions

This paper describes the comparison of fast response carbon dioxide sensors developed in Japan, Canada, and USSR. The comparison experiments were carried out at Winnipeg, Canada in 1986, and Zvenigorod, USSR in 1987. In this study, the Japanese sensor was chosen as a reference, and other sensors were compared with the reference

Experience in Organizing in Metropolis Mobile Immunization to Vaccinate Adults against Flu

With the aim to increase the coverage of preventive vaccinations of the adult population of Moscow against influenza in the epidemic season of2016 - 2017 for the first time in Moscow there was organized the work of mobile vaccination centers on the basis of sanitary transport in the places of mass concentration of people. Since the 5th of September to the 1st of november 2016 in walking distance from 24 metro stations and the railway station Krukovo (administrative district - Zelenograd) were working vaccination points equipped with the account of sanitary and anti-epidemic requirements and providing conditions for the safety of immunization. The new approach to the vaccination against influenza allowed to increase the availability of vaccination services for the population, to cover a hard-to-reach group of employed working residents of Moscow and also to implement a new method of public health education in the area of adherence to influenza vaccination

Cyber Socialization Engagement and Dark Tetrad of Personality among Young University Students

The article considers the relationship between the cyber socialization engagement and the Dark Tetrad of personality (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism). The cyber socialization engagement was understood, according to the author’s concept, as having constructive and destructive components. The study purpose was to identify correlation and deterministic relationships between indicators of the cyber socialization engagement and the Dark Tetrad among young university students. The sample included 424 students from Russian universities. For measurements, «The cyber socialization engagement questionnaire» and «The Short Dark Tetrad Scale» were used. It has been established that the relationship between the indicators of the cyber socialization engagement and the Dark Tetrad has a qualitatively heterogeneous character – from the complete absence of connections to mutual determination. The strongest mutual determination is associated with the everyday sadism: it increases the destructive engagement in cyber socialization, explaining 12% of the total variance, and the latter, in turn, increases the severity of sadism (10.5%). It is advisable to take into account the revealed connections between the general cyber socialization engagement and the Dark Tetrad of the personality when organizing psychological support for the socialization of students in the context of expanding social interactions carried out in cyberspace

An Intelligent System of Analysis of Intonation Structures: Application in Teaching the Russian Language to the Chinese Language Native Speakers

This paper describes the development of a program for analysis of intoning of verbal pieces in the Russian language. The goal is to measure the differences between the intoning of verbal pieces by both native and international Russian language speakers. The research methodology is based on the application of neural network analysis for solving the task of identification of speech samples, obtained by recording inophones’ speech. The experiment was carried out with the participation of 12 people: native speakers of the Russian language and the Chinese language, both male and female, aged from 20 to 35. A total number of speech samples amounted to 4800 items. Overall, 10 speech items in declarative and interrogative intonation were analyzed. A neural network that provides an assessment of correspondence of a speech sample to the standard variant of intoning was formed and trained. The results of experimental research are presented in the form of statistical assessments of pronouncing the verbal pieces with various intonations. These results are recommended to be applied in the process of learning Russian as a foreign language: the obtained data are considered as the confidence threshold of intoning identification, which complies with the standard or deviates from it. The results can also be applied for the individualized automated compilation of recommendations on correction of mistakes.This paper describes the development of a program for analysis of intoning of verbal pieces in the Russian language. The goal is to measure the differences between the intoning of verbal pieces by both native and international Russian language speakers. The research methodology is based on the application of neural network analysis for solving the task of identification of speech samples, obtained by recording inophones’ speech. The experiment was carried out with the participation of 12 people: native speakers of the Russian language and the Chinese language, both male and female, aged from 20 to 35. A total number of speech samples amounted to 4800 items. Overall, 10 speech items in declarative and interrogative intonation were analyzed. A neural network that provides an assessment of correspondence of a speech sample to the standard variant of intoning was formed and trained. The results of experimental research are presented in the form of statistical assessments of pronouncing the verbal pieces with various intonations. These results are recommended to be applied in the process of learning Russian as a foreign language: the obtained data are considered as the confidence threshold of intoning identification, which complies with the standard or deviates from it. The results can also be applied for the individualized automated compilation of recommendations on correction of mistakes