A method of correction for the effect of optical traps in equilibrium microrheology experiments

Optically trapped dielectric particles experience a linear restoring force due to the trapping laser beam for small displacements of the trapped beads from the center of the optical trap. The optical force adds an apparent contribution to the measured shear elastic modulus of the solution in microrheology experiments. Traditional methods of correcting for the effect of the trap and obtaining the true shear elastic modulus of the solution involved taking measurements in separate purely viscous solutions using similar but not identical trapped beads under the same experimental conditions. A new method is proposed in this research to do this correction. It is based on finding the apparent response of the system including solution and trap at two different laser powers then extracting the true medium response from the measured responses. It was found to be an effective method to correct for the optical trap effect for samples of purely viscous solutions that theoretically should have zero elastic shear modulus. It was also tested in a solution of worm-like micelles to check its viability in solutions that have an inherent elastic component of shear modulus. Measurements in water yielded a zero elastic shear modulus and those in micelle solution agreed with previously published data for worm-like micelles solutions. The new method requires less labor and avoids possible sources of error involved in the traditional methods

Who needs access to research? Exploring the societal impact of open access

Studies about open access (OA) have predominantly focused it impact on communication within the scholarly community. For example, many studies have been published on what is called the “Open Access Citation Advantage (OACA)”. On the other hand, implications of OA in nonacademic contexts (e.g. medical practice, policymaking, patient advocacy and citizen science) have been the subject of and the basis for a lot of the advocacy work and many funding agencies’ OA policies, but not so much the subject of original research studies. To date, this study is the first attempt to collect and synthesize the available evidence on the societal impact of open access. It further builds on this evidence base by introducing a typology of the various sciencesociety interfaces where demand for access to research potentially exists. The proposed scheme is anticipated to provide guidance for future research on the issue of OA’s societal impact. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of non-academic usage of research on the open access debate, especially on the question of who should bear the cost of scholarly publishing

研究成果のオープン・アクセス化の社会的インパクト

科学技術イノベーション政策プログラム / Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Program政策研究大学院大学 / National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies論文審査委員: 隅藏 康一 （主査）, 桑原 輝隆, INTARAKUMNERD, Patarapong, MUNRO, Alistair, 安達 淳（国立情報学研究所 教授

Mapping Open Access Societal Impact

A proposal to create a comprehensive online resource documenting the usage of Open Access research outside academia including an evidence base, a world map showing instances of impact and a forum for discussing methods to measure the societal impact of Open Access

Mapping Open Access Societal Impact

A proposal to create a comprehensive online resource documenting the usage of Open Access research outside academia including an evidence base, a world map showing instances of impact and a forum for discussing methods to measure the societal impact of Open Access

Mapping Open Access Societal Impact

A proposal to create a comprehensive online resource documenting the usage of Open Access research outside academia including an evidence base, a world map showing instances of impact and a forum for discussing methods to measure the societal impact of Open Access

Unaffiliated Researchers: A Preliminary Study

This paper aims to explore the apparently rising trend of unaffiliated researchers. It does so by analyzing a set of scholarly publications where the authors state “independent researcher” in place of their affiliation. Some of the characteristics of this set are explained along with directions on how to expand research on this topic

Libre accès aux publications et sciences ouvertes en débat

« Libre accès aux publications et sciences ouvertes en débat »…Le titre du dossier coordonné par Ghislaine Chartron et Joachim Schöpfel dit bien les choses. De fait, les Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication « sont doublement concernées par l’Open access, en tant que communauté scientifique et en tant que discipline intéressée par la production et la circulation de l’information au sein des structures et organisations scientifiques », en tant que sujet et objet en quelque sorte. Fermeture ou ouverture ? S’il y a fermeture, secret pour dire autrement, c’est qu’il y a quelque chose à cacher. Que le rire est le propre de l’Homme, par exemple. Ou bien que la Terre tourne autour du Soleil. Mais, là déjà, un scientifique, Galilée, a… tourné la difficulté : au lieu de parler Latin, il se met à parler Italien, histoire de mobiliser des alliés, les ingénieurs de Venise, entre autres… [en savoir +