Influence de l'environnement sur la reproduction des mâles d'hyménoptères parasitoïdes d'intérêt agronomique

La température est le facteur environnemental qui a la plus forte influence sur la reproduction des insectes, agissant chez les mâles. Le but d'étudier la reproduction des mâles exposés à un stress de température en terme du nombre de descendants produits par individu et capables de se reproduire à nouveau. Nous notons qu'il y a des effets thermique avec la température plus élève comme 38oC sur l'efficience de la fertilité en fonction de quantité de spermatozoïdes et la survie chez les mâles d'Anisopteromalus calandrae

The gene expression of weaning age and its effect on productive performance of rabbits

[EN] Weaning age for mammals remains a topic of debate and an interesting subject of research. The literature data reflect opposite views on the recommended weaning age of rabbits. Thus, we determined the optimal weaning age for average commercial rabbit lines by studying one of these lines, the V-line. Gene expression of weaning age was studied in this research to reach the optimal weaning age for efficient rabbit growth and survival. The effect of weaning age on growth and mortality rates was investigated in young rabbits by comparing 3 groups (kits of 10 V-line does for each group), weaned at 23 (W23), 28 (W28) and 33 (W33) days of age. Rabbits weaned at 23 d of age had significantly (P<0.05) lower body weight at the age of 63 d (market age) than those weaned at 28 and 33 d of age. The weaning age also influenced survival; mortality rate was highest in rabbits weaned at 23 d of age, followed by those weaned at 28 and 33 d of age. Morphometric parameters reflect the integral effect of all factors influencing digestive tract growth and development. From the results, it seems that the small intestine length did not have a clear effect on different weaning ages. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis is an important tool to monitor changes in gene expression in animals such as rabbits. We used this approach to measure intestinal insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA level and observed that the expression levels of IGF-1Ea, IGF-1Eb and IGF-1R were nearly the same in W28 and W33 rabbits, while they were the lowest in W23 rabbits. Serum IGF-1 concentrations tended to present significant differences (P<0.05) with different weaning ages. We found that levels of IGF-1 in rabbits weaned at 28 and 33 d of age were convergent and higher than the IGF-1 levels in rabbits weaned at 23 d of age. Moreover, the early weaning of rabbits has a negative impact on growth. This therefore suggests that moderate weaning (28W) will be suitable for the farm economy and will improve rabbit production better than early or late weaning.El-Sabrout, K.; Aggag, S. (2017). The gene expression of weaning age and its effect on productive performance of rabbits. World Rabbit Science. 25(1):1-7. doi:10.4995/wrs.2017.4777.SWORD1725

Treatment of an Acute Mycotic Aneurysm of the Common Carotid Artery with a Covered Stent-Graft

We report herein a case successful endovascular treatment with a stent-graft of a rare case of rapidly growing mycotic aneurysm of the left common carotid artery due to acute bacterial endocarditis after eradication of the infection. Infected mycotic aneurysms of the peripheral vasculature have been considered as a contraindication for stent-graft implantation because of the possibility of microorganism spreading to the stent-graft; however, if there is evidence of complete eradication of microorganism and surgery is not an option, stent-graft implantation can be an effective and safe treatment modality for exclusion of the mycotic aneurysm

Use of inter simple sequence repeats and protein markers in assessing genetic diversity and relationships among four rabbit genotypes

[EN] The importance of DNA and protein applications as powerful tools in breeding programmes is revealed. The inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) technique was used to characterise and determine phylogenetic relationships among 4 genotypes of rabbit, namely Alexandria (Alex), V line (V), New Zealand White (NZW) and California (Cal). Six out of 7 ISSR primers exhibited sufficient variability and were used to characterise the genetic diversity and relationships among studied genotypes. A total of 141 DNA  ands were detected. DNA fragments were generated with 87 (61.7%) being polymorphic, indicating considerable genetic variation among the examined genotypes. While protein electrophoresis provides a precise method for assaying variation in serum proteins which play an important part in productive performance. The results demonstrated 2 specific protein markers in Alexandria rabbits; these specific protein markers may be responsible for the superiority of Alexandria line in weight. Phylogenetic analysis based on Nei and Li unbiased genetic distance illustrated that (Alex & V) and (Cal & V) were genetically closely related. Our results showed that ISSR and protein electrophoresis are useful methods to detect different genetic expressions and understand the variability in some productive traits in rabbits.El-Sabrout, K.; Aggag, S. (2015). Use of inter simple sequence repeats and protein markers in assessing genetic diversity and relationships among four rabbit genotypes. World Rabbit Science. 23(4):283-288. doi:10.4995/wrs.2015.3912.SWORD28328823

Contribution a l'etude de l'infestation par l'agent du feu bacterien Erwina amylovora 2465 Carica papaya L. cultive in vitro

SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in multiple candidate genes and body weight in rabbits

Aim: In this study, we examined parts of six growth genes (growth hormone [GH], melanocortin 4 receptor [MC4R], growth hormone receptor [GHR], phosphorglycerate mutase [PGAM], myostatin [MSTN], and fibroblast growth factor [FGF]) as specific primers for two rabbit lines (V-line, Alexandria) using nucleotide sequence analysis, to investigate association between detecting single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of these genes and body weight (BW) at market. Materials and Methods: Each line kits were grouped into high and low weight rabbits to identify DNA markers useful for association studies with high BW. DNA from blood samples of each group was extracted to amplify the six growth genes. SNP technique was used to study the associate polymorphism in the six growth genes and marketing BW (at 63 days) in the two rabbit lines. The purified polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced in those had the highest and lowest BW in each line. Results: Alignment of sequence data from each group revealed the following SNPs: At nucleotide 23 (A-C) and nucleotide 35 (T-G) in MC4R gene (sense mutation) of Alexandria and V-line high BW. Furthermore, we detected the following SNPs variation between the two lines: A SNP (T-C) at nucleotide 27 was identified by MC4R gene (sense mutation) and another one (A-C) at nucleotide 14 was identified by GHR gene (nonsense mutation) of Alexandria line. The results of individual BW at market (63 days) indicated that Alexandria rabbits had significantly higher BW compared with V-line rabbits. MC4R polymorphism showed significant association with high BW in rabbits. Conclusion: The results of polymorphism demonstrate the possibility to detect an association between BW in rabbits and the efficiency of the used primers to predict through the genetic specificity using the SNP of MC4R