Association of Pectolytic Fluorescent PSeudomonas with Postharvest Rots of Onion

Five isolates of pectolytic fluorescent pseudomonads were obtained from a rotted onion bulb and identified as Pseudomonas marginalis. At both 4 and 25oC, all isolates caused soft rot to detached plant parts of onion and to carrot, celery, cucumber, pepper, spinach, tomato and turnip (but not garlic). They did not however cause any symptoms in living plants of these same species. These results suggest that the onion isolates are a postharvest pathogen which is not destructive in the field but becomes a threat to fresh vegetables stored at low-temperature. Analysis of cellulosolytic and pectic enzymes revealed that pectic lyases, but not polygalacturonases, pectin methyl esterases and cellulases were produced in culture by each isolate

Therapeutic potential of dexamethasone Nano chitosan synthesized from chitosan as a novel treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice

Back ground: Pulmonary fibrosis is an irreversible disease with excessive scarring and fibrosis of lung tissue. Glucocorticoid therapy of dexamethasone attenuates lung inflammation with severe adverse effects. Subsequently, synthesizing Nano chitosan from chitosan macromolecule and loading dexamethasone onto Nano chitosan particles have shown improved pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone. Purpose: The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize dexamethasone Nano chitosan particles chemically and then to evaluate the effectiveness of loading dexamethasone onto Nano chitosan as a treatment of pulmonary injury induced by bleomycin-induced in C57BL/6 mice. Results: This study elucidated significant elevations of serum malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase with an increased lung tissue inflammatory mediators, collagen profile, Caspase-3, and MUC5AC gene expressions. This was accompanied by a significant elevation in total and differential leukocyte counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Besides, there were recognized histological and histopathological alterations in lung tissue sections following both 14 and 28 days of bleomycin instillation. Consequently, treatment of lung injury by dexamethasone alone or dexamethasone loaded onto Nano chitosan particles revealed a significant reduction of MDA and LDH, a decline in lung tissue inflammatory mediators, collagen profile, Caspase-3, and MUC5AC gene expressions. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in total and differential leukocyte counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. However, loading dexamethasone onto Nano chitosan provided novel insights in pulmonary injury treatmen

OPTIMIZATION THE ALGINATE PRODUCTION CONDITIONS IN SWEET WHEY MEDIUM BY AZOTOBACTER CHROCOCCUM

Sweet whey was used as medium for microbial alginate production by Azotobacter chrococcum NCBI MH249629. To optimize alginate production and achieve high yield of alginate, sweet whey medium was prepared using different lactose concentrations (20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 g/L), added organic and inorganic nitrogen sources (yeast extract, Malt extract, ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate), kept at different temperatures (25, 30, 32, 35 & 37ºC), different pH values (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9),  different agitation speed (100, 120, 150, 170 & 200 rpm), different inoculum size (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10%) and cultivated for different fermentation time (0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108 & 120h). After fermentation time, produced microbial alginate was measured. The results showed that sweet whey could be used as a fermentation medium by Azotobacter chrococcum to produce microbial alginate. The highest yield of alginate (12.56%) as well as productivity of alginate (0.08 g/L/h) was obtained by fermentation of Azotobacter chrococcum in sweet whey medium optimized to 45 g/L lactose concentration as a carbon source and by providing the following conditions which yeast extract 1.5 g/L and ammonium nitrate 0.1 g/L as a nitrogen source and growth promoter, Na2HPO4 1 g/L as mineral salts, Initial pH at 7, size of standard inoculums was 9 % of fermentation medium and the incubation period was 72 hrs

Response of Silybum marianum plant to irrigation intervals combined with fertilization

Hendawy SF, Hussein MS, Youssef AA, El-Mergawi RA. 2013. Response of Silybum marianum plant to irrigation intervals combined with fertilization. Nusantara Bioscience 5: 21-28. This study was investigated to evaluate the influence of different kinds of organic and bio fertilization under different irrigation intervals on the growth, production and chemical constituents of Sylibium marianum plant. Data indicated that all studied growth and yield characters were significantly affected by the duration of irrigation intervals. Fertilizer treatments had a primitive effect on growth and yield characters. The interaction between irrigation intervals and fertilizer treatments has a clear considerable effect on growth and yield characters. The obtained results indicated the favorable effect of organic and bio fertilizers which reduce the harmful effect of water stress. Different treatments had a pronounced effect on silymarin content

Effect of Filler Metal on the Performance of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Weldments

The escalated concern in duplex stainless steels by industries is due to their best mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. In this work, the mechanical properties welding duplex stainless steel 2205 has studied. Joints were made using the GTAW process with different fillers: duplex ER 2209 and austenitic filler ER 312. There is a similarity in the microstructure which is obtained between with the duplex ER 2209 filler to the duplex 2205 base material, but the joints produced with the austenitic fillers cause a increase of the ferrite(δ) to austenite(γ) phase ratio. In order to evaluate the influence of the fillers on the weld, the mechanical properties by impact , tensile test and the hardness test. The phase imbalance produced for the different fillers causes variation of the mechanical properties. Without getting any detrimental changes in the mechanical properties, by using different filler metals, has addressed in this work .while, ER 312 had the advantage in hardness , tensile, impact test and ferrite percent

Stereoselective synthesis and X-ray structure determination of novel 1,2-dihydroquinolinehydrazonopropanoate derivatives

A novel series of 1,2-dihydroquinolinhydrazonopropanoate have been synthesized via a convenient aza-Michael addition reaction between hydrazinylquinolinones and ethyl propiolate in ethanol under refluxing temperature. The structures for all obtained products were confirmed with FTIR, NMR spectrums, as well as mass spectrometry. In addition, the monoclinic structure for compounds 8a, 8c, and 8d was also confirmed via X-ray crystallography analyses. The E-configuration for the obtained products was confirmed form the X-ray analysis. On the other hand, the crystal packing shows that the intermolecular and hydrogen bonds between atoms are parallel to the bc plan

Synthesis, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Actions of 4-(1,2,3-Triazol-1-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-ones as Multi-Target Inhibitors

The reaction of 4-azido-quinolin-2(1H)-ones 1a–e with the active methylene compounds pentane-2,4-dione (2a), 1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione (2b), and K$_2$CO$_3$ was investigated in this study. This approach afforded 4-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-ones 3a–j in high yields and purity. All newly synthesized products’ structures were identified. Compounds 3a–j were tested for antiproliferative activity against a panel of four cancer cell lines. In comparison to the reference erlotinib (GI$_{50}$ = 33), compounds 3f–j were the most potent derivatives, with GI$_{50}$ values ranging from 22 nM to 31 nM. The most effective antiproliferative derivatives, 3f–j, were subsequently investigated as possible multi-target inhibitors of EGFR, BRAF$^{V600E}$, and EGFR$^{T790M}$. Compound 3h was the most potent inhibitor of the studied molecular targets, with IC50 values of 57 nM, 68 nM, and 9.70 nM, respectively. The apoptotic assay results demonstrated that compounds 3g and 3h function as caspase-3, 8, and Bax activators as well as down-regulators of the antiapoptotic Bcl2, and hence can be classified as apoptotic inducers. Finally, compounds 3g and 3h displayed promising antioxidant activity at 10 µM, with DPPH radical scavenging of 70.6% and 73.5%, respectively, compared to Trolox (77.6%)

Reactivity of 2-substituted hydrazinecarbothioamides towards tetracyanoethylene and convenient synthesis of (5-amino-2-diazenylthiazolylmethylene) malononitrile derivatives

2-{Amino-[5-amino-2-(substituted diazenyl) thiazol-4-yl] methylene} malononitriles were synthesized from the reaction of 2-substituted hydrazinecarbothioamides with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) to give tetracyanoethane adduct, followed by heterocyclization afforded the target compounds. The structure of (E)-2-{amino-[5-amino-2-(phenyldiazenyl) thiazol-4-yl] methylene} malononitrile was supported by single crystal X-ray crystallography.Peer reviewe