Synthesis of pyrazolo-enaminones, bipyrazoles and pyrazolopyrimidines and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties

A novel pyrazolo-enaminones, bipyrazoles and bipyrazolopyridines from 1-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)butane-1,3-dione and 4-methyl-2-phenyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6(3aH,7H)-dione have been synthesized by assisted heating with microwave radiation without any catalyst. The pyridine and pyrazole ring formation has been developed from easily accessible enamino keto esters by formylation followed by intramolecular cyclization. The general applicability for the synthesis of the important pyrazolo-enaminones, bipyrazoles and pyrazolo-pyridines heterocycles was attributed to simplicity of operation, synthesis without catalyst, energy efficiency (shorter reaction time under microwave irradiation), good yields, more environmentally friendly and more cost-effective procedure. The antioxidant activity of new heterocyclic compounds was evaluated by free radical scavenging by DPPH assay. Several of these compounds showed good activity against both Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria

Эдикт Тиберия Юлия Александра, замечания относительно его сущности и цели

В статье рассматривается сущность знаменитого эдикта Тиберия Юлия Александра, египетского префекта (68 г. н.э.), а также истолковывается цель издания данного эдикта. Помимо текста эдикта, автор обращается к сведениям иных папирологических источников, рассматривая содержание эдикта Александра в контексте общей социально-экономической и политической ситуации в провинции на момент издания эдикта

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population