Hybrid Silicon Nanowires for Solar Cell Applications

The global human population has been growing by around 1.1% per year; such growth rate will lead the humanity to cross the 10 billion-people threshold by the end of the first half of this century. Such increase is already putting a huge strain on the nonrenewable sources of energy like fossil fuel, which will run out and come to an end in few decades. Due to these social and economic trends, renewable sources of energy, such as solar cells, have attracted a huge interest as the ultimate alternative to solve humanity’s problems. Among several emerging materials, porous silicon nanowires (PSiNWs) become an active research subject nowadays in photovoltaic application mainly due to its good light trapping effect. The etched nanowires obtained by using metal-assisted chemical etching method (MACE) can reach a low reflection in the visible range. Recently, hybrid silicon nanowires/organic solar cells have been studied for low-cost Si photovoltaic devices because the Schottky junction between the Si and organic material can be formed by solution processes at low temperature. In this chapter, we will present the synthesis of SiNWs and the last progress on the fabrication of hybrid solar cells using various organic semiconductors

Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Natural Convection in an Annulus between a Hexagonal Cylinder and a Square Enclosure

Laminar natural convection in a water filled square enclosure containing at its center a horizontal hexagonal cylinder is studied by the lattice Boltzmann method. The hexagonal cylinder is heated while the walls of the cavity are maintained at the same cold temperature. Two orientations are treated, corresponding to two opposite sides of the hexagonal cross-section which are horizontal (case I) or vertical (case II). For each case, the results are presented in terms of streamlines, isotherms, local and average convective heat transfers as a function of the dimensionless size of the hexagonal cylinder cross-section (0.1≤B≤0.4), and the Rayleigh number (103≤Ra≤106)

Multiobjective Optimization to Optimal Moroccan Diet Using Genetic Algorithm

Proper glucose control is designed to prevent or delay the complications of diabetes. Various contexts can lead to a fluctuation of the blood sugar level to a greater or lesser extent. It can be, for example, eating habits, treatment, intense physical activity, etc. The feeding problem interpolated by a minimum cost function is well-known in the literature. The main goal of this paper is to introduce a multiobjective programming model with constraints for the diet problem with two objective functions, the first of which is the total glycemic load of the diet while the second objective function is the cost of the diet. the MOGA (multiobjective Genetic Algorithm) algorithm was used to resolve the proposed model. The experimental results show that our system ([proposed model – MOGA]) is able to produce adequate diets that can settle glycemic load and cost while respecting the patient\u27s requirements