Deep learning supplants visual analysis by experienced operators for the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis by cine-CMR

BACKGROUND: Diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis (CA) from cine-CMR (cardiac magnetic resonance) alone is not reliable. In this study, we tested if a convolutional neural network (CNN) could outperform the visual diagnosis of experienced operators. METHOD: 119 patients with cardiac amyloidosis and 122 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) of other origins were retrospectively selected. Diastolic and systolic cine-CMR images were preprocessed and labeled. A dual-input visual geometry group (VGG ) model was used for binary image classification. All images belonging to the same patient were distributed in the same set. Accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated per frame and per patient from a 40% held-out test set. Results were compared to a visual analysis assessed by three experienced operators. RESULTS: frame-based comparisons between humans and a CNN provided an accuracy of 0.605 vs. 0.746 ( CONCLUSION: based on cine-CMR images alone, a CNN is able to discriminate cardiac amyloidosis from LVH of other origins better than experienced human operators (15 to 20 points more in absolute value for accuracy and AUC), demonstrating a unique capability to identify what the eyes cannot see through classical radiological analysis

Advantages of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging over modified Duke criteria and clinical presumption in patients with challenging suspicion of infective endocarditis

According to European Society of Cardiology guidelines (ESC2015) for infective endocarditis (IE) management, modified Duke criteria (mDC) are implemented with a degree of clinical suspicion degree, leading to grades such as possible or rejected IE despite a persisting high level of clinical suspicion. Herein, we evaluate th

Impact of P2Y12 Inhibition by Clopidogrel on Cardiovascular Mortality in Unselected Patients Treated by Percutaneous Coronary Angioplasty A Prospective Registry

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine whether low platelet response to the P2Y12 receptor antagonist clopidogrel as assessed by Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein flow cytometry test (VASP- FCT) predicts cardiovascular events in a high-risk population undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundImpaired platelet responsiveness to clopidogrel is thought to be a determinant of cardiovascular events after PCI. The platelet VASP-FCT is a new assay specific to the P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate receptor-pathway. In this test, platelet activation is expressed as platelet reactivity index (PRI).MethodsFour-hundred sixty-one unselected patients undergoing urgent (n = 346) or planned (n = 115) PCI were prospectively enrolled. Patients were classified as low-response (LR) and response (R) to clopidogrel, depending on their PRI. Optimal PRI cutoff was determined by receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis to 61% (LR: PRI ≥61% and R: PRI <61%). Follow-up was obtained at a mean of 9 ± 2 months in 453 patients (98.3%).ResultsAt follow-up, total cardiac mortality rates and possible and total stent thrombosis were higher in LR patients. Multivariate analysis identified creatinine clearance (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93 to 0.98, p < 0.001), drug-eluting stent (HR: 5.73; 95% CI: 1.40 to 23.43, p = 0.015), C-reactive protein (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.001 to 1.019, p = 0.024), and LR to clopidogrel (HR: 4.00; 95% CI: 1.08 to 14.80, p = 0.037) as independent predictors of cardiac death. The deleterious impact of LR to clopidogrel on cardiovascular death was significantly higher in patients implanted with drug-eluting stent.ConclusionsIn patients undergoing PCI, LR to clopidogrel assessed by VASP-FCT is an independent predictor of cardiovascular death at the PRI cutoff value of ≥61%. The LR clinical impact seems to be dependent on the type of stent implanted

Detailed cross-sectional study of 60 superficial femoral artery occlusions: morphological quantitative analysis can lead to a new classification.

OBJECTIVE: Current clinical classification of superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusions as defined by TASC II guidelines is limited to length and calcifications analysis on 2D angiograms, while state-of-the-art cross-sectional imaging like computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) provides much more detailed anatomical information than traditional invasive angiography: quantitative morphological analysis of these advanced imaging techniques could therefore be the basis of a refined classification. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-six patients (65% men, 68±11.6 years) that underwent lower limb CTA were retrospectively included, totalizing 60 SFA occlusions. Lesions were classified as TASC II stage A in 3% of cases, stage B in 20%, stage C in 2% and stage D in 75%. For each pathological artery, curved multiplanar reconstructions following the occluded SFA course were used to measure the total length and the mean diameter of the occluded segment. Color-coded map provided an accurate estimation of calcifications' volume. Thirty-nine percent of the occlusions were total. Mean occluded segment length was 219±107 mm (range, 14-530 mm); mean occluded segment diameter was 6.1±1.6 mm (range, 3.4-10 mm); mean calcifications' volume in the occluded segment was 1,265±1,893 mm(3) (range, 0-8,815 mm(3)), corresponding to a percentage of 17.4%±20% (range, 0-88.7%). Shrinked occluded occlusions were defined by a mean diameter under 5 mm and heavily calcified occlusions by a mean percentage of calcifications above 4%. Use of these thresholds allowed the distinction of four groups of patients: heavily calcified occlusions with preserved caliber (56%), non-calcified occlusions with preserved caliber (19%), non-calcified occlusions with small caliber (15%) and heavily calcified occlusions with small caliber (10%). CONCLUSIONS: SFA OCCLUSIONS ARE DISPARATE: this simple morphological study points out TASC II classification weaknesses for SFA occlusions, as quantitative cross-sectional imaging analysis with measurement of mean occluded diameter and percentage of calcifications can refine it. This could be particularly useful in the management of TASC II type D lesions, for which new endovascular revascularization techniques are arising, and where a CTA or MRA-based morphological classification could provide support in choosing between them..journal article2014 Aprimporte

Determinants of atherosclerosis in type II diabetes mellitus patient

L’athérothrombose représente 80% des causes de décès chez les patients diabétiques de type II (DM-II). L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier les déterminants de l’athérothrombose chez le patient DM-II : (I) étude de l’inhibition des fonctions plaquettaires par le clopidogrel chez le patient DM-II: cette première partie du travail est centrée sur : l’impact du DM-II sur la qualité de l’inhibition plaquettaire par le clopidogrel, l’impact clinique de cette inhibition insuffisante (LR) des fonctions plaquettaires par le clopidogrel en terme d’évènements cardiovasculaires majeurs après angioplastie coronaire avec mise en place d’un stent (ACT+stent) chez des patients DM-II et l’étude des déterminants d’une LR au clopidogrel chez le patient DM-II. (II) Caractérisation de la plaque d’athérome chez le patient DM-II. A partir de plaques d’athéromes carotidiennes humaines, l’objectif est d’étudier les spécificités de ces plaques chez le patient DM-II par rapport au non diabétique (NDM), et d’identifier des marqueurs de vulnérabilité de la plaque spécifiques chez le DM-II. Deux approches ont été réalisées : (i) évaluation du potentiel pro-thrombotique de la plaque, par dosage des microparticules pro-coagulantes obtenues par broyat de la plaque d’athérome: réalisation d’activité prothrombinase et du facteur tissulaire et caractérisation phénotypique des microparticules (MPs) émises (origine cellulaire), (ii) évaluation dans des modèles de chambre de perfusion en condition de flux du caractère prothrombogène des broyats de plaque d’athérome.Nous avons montré que près de 40% des patients traités par ACT+stent ont une LR au clopidogrel évaluée par le test VASP. Cette réponse insuffisante (LR) au clopidogrel est accrue chez les patients DM-II et les patients obèses. Les déterminants indépendants de cette LR au clopidogrel chez les patients DM-II sont l’obésité et l’hyperleucocytose. En revanche, ni la glycémie, ni un équilibre glycémique strict (l’HbA1C) ne paraissent des déterminants d’une LR par le clopidogrel. Les patients ayant une LR au clopidogrel ont un surrisque de mortalité cardiaque et de survenue de thrombose de stent à 11 mois par rapport aux bons répondeurs au clopidogrel notamment en présence d’un diabète.Dans la deuxième partie, nous n’avons pas pu mettre en évidence une thrombogénicité accrue de la plaque d’athérome du patient DM-II. La présence de concentrations élevées de MPs plaquettaires et/ou érythrocytaires dans les plaques de patient DM-II et symptomatique souligne l’importance des mécanismes d’hémorragie intraplaque dans leur déstabilisation. En conclusion, ce travail souligne la complexité des mécanismes impliqués dans l’athérothrombose du patient diabétique. Au cours d’une ACT+stent, une inhibition insuffisante des fonctions plaquettaires par le clopidogrel permet l’identification d’un sous-groupe à très haut risque cardiovasculaire qui pourrait bénéficier des nouveaux inhibiteurs du récepteur P2Y12. A contrario, la présence de concentrations plaquettaires et érythrocytaires dans la plaque d’athérome de patients diabétiques symptomatiques souligne l’importance des mécanismes d’hémorragie intra-plaque dans leur déstabilisation. Au total, ces données remettent en cause le paradigme classique associent diabète-risque thrombotique accru-nécessité de majorer le traitement anti-plaquettaire.The aim of this PhD is to study determinants of atherothrombosis in diabetes mellitus type II (DM-II): (i) study of platelets inhibition by clopidogrel in DM-II patients, the impact of low response (LR) to clopidogrel on cardiac prognosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Furthermore evaluate determinants of LR to clopidogrel in DM-II patients undergoing PCI. (ii) Study of specificities of atherosclerotic plaque in DM-II and identification of specific markers of plaque vulnerability in DM-II. Two methods were used: (a) evaluation of plaque prothrombotic potential using measurement of prothrombinase and tissue factor activity of procoagulante microparticles (MP) and determination of the different cellular origins of MPs in atherosclerotic plaque homogenate. (b) evaluation of prothrombogenic potentiel of plaque homogenate in flow chambers. The main results were: 40% of patients treated with PCI are LR to clopidogrel evaluated by the test VASP. LR was more frequent in DM-II patients as compered to NDM-II. The independent determinants of LR in DM-II were obesity and hyperleucocytosis. In contrast, glycaemia and HbA1C were not determinants of LR in DM-II. Low responders to clopidogrel had higher cardiac death and stent thrombosis at 11 months after PCI as compared to responders to clopidogrel. In the second part of this work, we could not found a higher atherosclerotic plaque thrombogenicity in DM-II as compared to NDM patients. DM-II symptomatic patients had higher levels of platelets and erythrocytes MPs origins; these results could reflect a higher intra-plaque haemorrhage

Surrisque cardiovasculaire après angioplastie coronaire avec stent du patient diabétique identifié comme mauvais répondeur au clopidogrel par la méthode VASP (à propos d'une série de 480 patients)

STRASBOURG-Medecine (674822101) / SudocSudocFranceF