3 research outputs found

    Regulation of 3â€Č splice site selection after step 1 of splicing by spliceosomal C* proteins

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    Alternative precursor messenger RNA splicing is instrumental in expanding the proteome of higher eukaryotes, and changes in 3â€Č splice site (3'ss) usage contribute to human disease. We demonstrate by small interfering RNA–mediated knockdowns, followed by RNA sequencing, that many proteins first recruited to human C* spliceosomes, which catalyze step 2 of splicing, regulate alternative splicing, including the selection of alternatively spliced NAGNAG 3â€Čss. Cryo–electron microscopy and protein cross-linking reveal the molecular architecture of these proteins in C* spliceosomes, providing mechanistic and structural insights into how they influence 3'ss usage. They further elucidate the path of the 3â€Č region of the intron, allowing a structure-based model for how the C* spliceosome potentially scans for the proximal 3â€Čss. By combining biochemical and structural approaches with genome-wide functional analyses, our studies reveal widespread regulation of alternative 3â€Čss usage after step 1 of splicing and the likely mechanisms whereby C* proteins influence NAGNAG 3â€Čss choices

    Functional study of human RNA Polymerase III subunits hRPC62 and hRPC39

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    Dans les cellules eucaryotes, la transcription de l’ADN nuclĂ©aire est effectuĂ©e grĂące Ă  trois ARN PolymĂ©rases ADN dĂ©pendantes (Pol). La Pol I transcrit les ARN ribosomaux, la Pol II produit essentiellement des ARN messagers et des micro ARN alors que la Pol III transcrit des petits ARN non traduits impliquĂ©s dans une variĂ©tĂ© de processus cellulaires essentiels tels que la traduction, l’épissage ou la rĂ©gulation de la transcription. L’ARN PolymĂ©rase III humaine est un complexe enzymatique constituĂ© de 17 sous-unitĂ©s dont la plupart sont apparentĂ©es Ă  des sous-unitĂ©s de la Pol I et/ou la Pol II. Une de ces sous-unitĂ©s, hRPC32 est prĂ©sente sous forme de deux paralogues α et ÎČ codĂ©s par deux gĂšnes diffĂ©rents oĂč hRPC32ÎČ est exprimĂ©e de façon ubiquitaire alors que hRPC32α est exprimĂ©e spĂ©cifiquement dans les cellules transformĂ©es ou non diffĂ©renciĂ©es. Au sein de la Pol III, hRPC32α/ÎČ, hRPC62 et hRPC39 forment un sous-complexe ternaire stable dissociable de l’enzyme. Ces trois sous-unitĂ©s sont spĂ©cifiques Ă  la Pol III et sont impliquĂ©es dans l’étape d’initiation de la transcription. L’objectif de ce travail de thĂšse est d’éclaircir les mĂ©canismes de fonctionnement du sous-complexe hRPC62-hRPC39-hRPC32α/ÎČ. Le travail rĂ©alisĂ© a permis, dans un premier temps, de cartographier les domaines d’interaction entre la sous-unitĂ© hRPC62 et les deux paralogues α et ÎČ de la sous-unitĂ© hRPC32. Ensuite, nous avons menĂ© une analyse biochimique des activitĂ©s enzymatiques des protĂ©ines recombinantes de hRPC62 et hRPC39. Cette analyse a montrĂ© que hRPC62 possĂšde des homologies fonctionnelles avec TFIIEα, un facteur de transcription de l’ARN PolymĂ©rase II rĂ©cemment dĂ©crit comme Ă©tant un homologue structural de la sous-unitĂ© hRPC62. Ces donnĂ©es supportent le modĂšle suggĂ©rant que certaines sous-unitĂ©s des ARN PolymĂ©rases peuvent ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©es comme des facteurs de transcription recrutĂ©s de façon permanente Ă  l’enzyme.In eukaryotes, nuclear transcription is carried out by DNA dependent RNA polymerases (Pol) I, II and III. Pol I transcribes ribosomal RNA’s, Pol II produces essentially messenger and micro RNA’s whereas Pol III transcribes small untranslated RNA’s involved in a variety of cellular processes such as translation, splicing or the regulation of transcription. Human Pol III is a multi-subunit enzyme composed of 17 subunits. The majority of these subunits are homologous or closely related to Pol II and/or Pol I subunits. However, five subunits are specific to Pol III with no counterparts in Pol I or Pol II. One of the Pol III specific subunits, hRPC32 has two paralogues, α and ÎČ, expressed from two different genes. hRPC32ÎČ is expressed ubiquitously while hRPC32α expression is specific to transformed or non-differentiated cells. Within the Pol III enzyme, hRPC32α or ÎČ associate with two other Pol III specific subunits, hRPC62 and hRPC39, to form stable ternary sub-complexes thought to be implicated in transcription initiation. The purpose of this work was to clarify the functional mechanism of hRPC32α/ÎČ-hRPC62-hRPC39 sub-complexes. In this study, we first mapped the protein-protein interaction of hRPC62 with hRPC32α and hRPC32ÎČ. Second, we performed a biochemical study of hRPC62 and hRPC39 enzymatic activities. This analysis showed that hRPC62 has functional homologies with TFIIEα, a Pol II transcription factor recently described as a structural homolog of hRPC62. These results support the model that certain RNA polymerase subunits can be considered as transcription factors that have been stably recruited to the enzyme

    Etude fonctionnelle des sous-unitĂ©s hRPC62 et hRPC39 de l’ARN PolymĂ©rase III humaine

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    In eukaryotes, nuclear transcription is carried out by DNA dependent RNA polymerases (Pol) I, II and III. Pol I transcribes ribosomal RNA’s, Pol II produces essentially messenger and micro RNA’s whereas Pol III transcribes small untranslated RNA’s involved in a variety of cellular processes such as translation, splicing or the regulation of transcription. Human Pol III is a multi-subunit enzyme composed of 17 subunits. The majority of these subunits are homologous or closely related to Pol II and/or Pol I subunits. However, five subunits are specific to Pol III with no counterparts in Pol I or Pol II. One of the Pol III specific subunits, hRPC32 has two paralogues, α and ÎČ, expressed from two different genes. hRPC32ÎČ is expressed ubiquitously while hRPC32α expression is specific to transformed or non-differentiated cells. Within the Pol III enzyme, hRPC32α or ÎČ associate with two other Pol III specific subunits, hRPC62 and hRPC39, to form stable ternary sub-complexes thought to be implicated in transcription initiation. The purpose of this work was to clarify the functional mechanism of hRPC32α/ÎČ-hRPC62-hRPC39 sub-complexes. In this study, we first mapped the protein-protein interaction of hRPC62 with hRPC32α and hRPC32ÎČ. Second, we performed a biochemical study of hRPC62 and hRPC39 enzymatic activities. This analysis showed that hRPC62 has functional homologies with TFIIEα, a Pol II transcription factor recently described as a structural homolog of hRPC62. These results support the model that certain RNA polymerase subunits can be considered as transcription factors that have been stably recruited to the enzyme.Dans les cellules eucaryotes, la transcription de l’ADN nuclĂ©aire est effectuĂ©e grĂące Ă  trois ARN PolymĂ©rases ADN dĂ©pendantes (Pol). La Pol I transcrit les ARN ribosomaux, la Pol II produit essentiellement des ARN messagers et des micro ARN alors que la Pol III transcrit des petits ARN non traduits impliquĂ©s dans une variĂ©tĂ© de processus cellulaires essentiels tels que la traduction, l’épissage ou la rĂ©gulation de la transcription. L’ARN PolymĂ©rase III humaine est un complexe enzymatique constituĂ© de 17 sous-unitĂ©s dont la plupart sont apparentĂ©es Ă  des sous-unitĂ©s de la Pol I et/ou la Pol II. Une de ces sous-unitĂ©s, hRPC32 est prĂ©sente sous forme de deux paralogues α et ÎČ codĂ©s par deux gĂšnes diffĂ©rents oĂč hRPC32ÎČ est exprimĂ©e de façon ubiquitaire alors que hRPC32α est exprimĂ©e spĂ©cifiquement dans les cellules transformĂ©es ou non diffĂ©renciĂ©es. Au sein de la Pol III, hRPC32α/ÎČ, hRPC62 et hRPC39 forment un sous-complexe ternaire stable dissociable de l’enzyme. Ces trois sous-unitĂ©s sont spĂ©cifiques Ă  la Pol III et sont impliquĂ©es dans l’étape d’initiation de la transcription. L’objectif de ce travail de thĂšse est d’éclaircir les mĂ©canismes de fonctionnement du sous-complexe hRPC62-hRPC39-hRPC32α/ÎČ. Le travail rĂ©alisĂ© a permis, dans un premier temps, de cartographier les domaines d’interaction entre la sous-unitĂ© hRPC62 et les deux paralogues α et ÎČ de la sous-unitĂ© hRPC32. Ensuite, nous avons menĂ© une analyse biochimique des activitĂ©s enzymatiques des protĂ©ines recombinantes de hRPC62 et hRPC39. Cette analyse a montrĂ© que hRPC62 possĂšde des homologies fonctionnelles avec TFIIEα, un facteur de transcription de l’ARN PolymĂ©rase II rĂ©cemment dĂ©crit comme Ă©tant un homologue structural de la sous-unitĂ© hRPC62. Ces donnĂ©es supportent le modĂšle suggĂ©rant que certaines sous-unitĂ©s des ARN PolymĂ©rases peuvent ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©es comme des facteurs de transcription recrutĂ©s de façon permanente Ă  l’enzyme
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