Cechy temperamentu i charakteru a skłonność do kształtowania pracy

The aim of this article is to show if the disposition of the employee in the form of his/her personality traits and temperament according to R. Cloninger, may further form proclivities while doing the work. Job crafting is a behaviour which consists in making changes to many tasks or relationships while doing someone’s work. The study was performed among 162 employees with the use of The Temperament and Character Inventory TCI-R (56) and The Job Crafting Questionnaire. The presented results confirm that the level of job crafting (R2=0,36) depends on: harm avoidance (β=-0,39), reward dependence (β=0,32), self-directedness (β=-0,28), self-transcendence (β=0,24) and cooperativeness (β=0,15). Tasks crafting is explicated by 24% variables – harm avoidance (β=-0,42) and persistence (β=0,16). Cognitive crafting is clarified in 22% by self-transcendence (β=0,39) and cooperativeness (β=0,19). However, relational crafting is explained in 22% by reward dependence (β=0,40) and cooperativeness (β=0,17).Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, czy dyspozycje pracownika w postaci cechy charakteru i temperamentu R. Cloningera mogą sprzyjać skłonności do kształtowania pracy. Kształtowanie pracy1 jest zachowaniem polegającym na dokonywaniu zmian w zadaniach oraz relacjach w ramach wykonywanej przez siebie pracy. Badanie przeprowadzono wśród 162 pracowników z wykorzystaniem Kwestionariusza Temperamentu i Charakteru TCI-R (56) oraz Kwestionariusza Kształtowania Pracy – KKPracy. Zaprezentowane wyniki potwierdzają, że poziom kształtowania pracy jest zależny (R2=0,36) od unikania szkody (β=-0,39), uzależnienia od nagrody (β=0,32), samokierowania (β=-0,28), autotranscendencji (β=0,24) oraz skłonności do współpracy (β=0,15). Kształtowanie zadań jest objaśniane przez 24% zmiennych unikanie szkody (β=-0,42) oraz wytrwałość (β=0,16). Kształtowanie myślenia o pracy jest wyjaśniane w 22% przez autotranscendencję (β=0,39) i skłonność do współpracy (β=0,19), natomiast skłonność do kształtowania relacji interpersonalnych jest objaśniana w 22% przez uzależnienie od nagrody (β=0,40) oraz skłonność do współpracy (β=0,17)

Synergistic ROS-Associated antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles and gentamicin against "Staphylococcus epidermidis"

Introduction: Increasing bacteria resistance to antibiotics is a major problem of healthcare system. There is a need for solutions that broaden the spectrum of bactericidal agents improving the efficacy of commonly used antibiotics. One of the promising directions of search are silver nanoparticles (obtained by different methods and displaying diversified physical and chemical properties), and their combination with antibiotics. Purpose: In this study, we tested the role of reactive oxygen species in the mechanism of synergistic antibacterial activity of gentamicin and Tween-stabilized silver nanoparticles against gentamicin-resistant clinical strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Methods: Synergistic bactericidal activity of gentamicin and silver nanoparticles stabilized with non-ionic detergent (Tween 80) was tested by the checkerboard titration method on microtiter plates. Detection of reactive oxygen species was based on the chemiluminescence of luminol. Results: Hydrophilic non-ionic surface functionalization of silver nanoparticles enabled the existence of non-aggregated active nanoparticles in a complex bacterial culture medium. Tween-stabilized silver nanoparticles in combination with gentamicin exhibited bactericidal activity against multidrug-resistant biofilm forming clinical strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. A synergistic effect significantly decreased the minimal inhibitory concentration of gentamicin (the antibiotic with numerous undesirable effects). Gentamicin significantly enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species by silver nanoparticles. Conclusion: Generation of reactive oxygen species by Tween-coated metallic silver nanoparticles was significantly enhanced by gentamicin, confirming the hypothesis of oxidative-associated mechanism of the synergistic antibacterial effect of the gentamicin-silver nanoparticles complex

PCR-RFLP detection of point mutations A2143G and A2142G in 23S rRNA gene conferring resistance to clarithromycin in Helicobacter pylori strains

Background. The occurrence of clarithromycin resistance among Helicobacter pylori strains is a major cause of the treatment failure. Resistance to this drug is conferred by point mutations in 23S rRNA gene and the most prevalent mutations are A2143G and A2142G. The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of A2143G and A2142G mutations in a group of H. pylori strains resistant to clarithromycin. Materials and Methods. The study included 21 clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori strains collected between 2006 and 2009 in southern Poland. Resistance to clarithromycin was quantitatively tested with the E-test to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC value). The point mutations of H. pylori isolates were detected by PCR followed by RFLP analysis. Results. The MIC values for clarithromycin for the analyzed strains ranged from 1.5 mg/L to 64 mg/L. Nine H. pylori strains exhibited A2143G mutation and A2142G mutation was found in 9 isolates as well. The results of RFLP analysis of 3 clarithromycin-resistant strains were negative for both mutations. The average MIC values for A2143G and A2142G mutants were 6 and 30 mg/L, respectively. Conclusions. Frequencies of A2143G and A2142G mutations were the same in all isolates tested. Strains with A2143G mutation exhibited lower MIC values than A2142G mutants. Application of PCR-RFLP method for detection of clarithromycin resistance allows for better and more efficient management of H. pylori infections

Variability in Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Strains Resistant to Clarithromycin and Levofloxacin in Southern Poland

Background. An increasing resistance of Helicobacter pylori strains to antimicrobial agents is the serious therapeutic problem. The aim of this study was to compare the primary and secondary resistance of H. pylori strains isolated between 2006–2008 (data published) and 2009–2011 to clarithromycin and levofloxacin. Material and Methods. 220 dyspeptic patients (153 before treatment, 67 after), were enrolled in the study. 51 H. pylori strains were isolated. MIC values of clarithromycin and levofloxacin were determined by the E-test method. The statistical analysis was conducted with the χ2 test with Yates correction at the 0.05 significance level (P ≤ 0.05). Results. Between 2006 and 2008, 34% (39/115) of H. pylori strains were resistant to clarithromycin (primary 21% (19/90), secondary 80% (20/25)). 5% (6/115) of strains were resistant to levofloxacin (primary 2% (2/90), secondary 16% ((4/25); data published) Between 2009–2011, 22% (11/51) of H. pylori strains were resistant to clarithromycin (primary 19% (8/43), secondary 38% (3/8)). 16% (8/51) of strains were resistant to levofloxacin (primary 12% (5/43), secondary 38% (3/8)). Conclusion. The present study has shown the increasing amount of resistant H. pylori strains isolated from patients in Southern Poland to levofloxacin and decreasing number of resistant strains to clarithromycin

Levofloxacin resistance of "Helicobacter pylori" strains isolated from patients in Southern Poland between 2006-2012

An increasing resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) to antimicrobial agents leads to the need of regional monitoring of the prevalence resistant strains (according to the Maastricht/Florence consensus report, 2012). The aim of the study was to assess the resistance to levofloxacin of H. pylori strains isolated from adult patients of Ma≥opolska region in Poland. Bioptates taken from gastric mucosa during gastroscopy constituted the material for the study. Two hundred ten H. pylori strains were isolated from 811 patients. A majority of strains (171) came from patients before the treatment of H. pylori infections while the remaining 39 strains were isolated from patients after the failed therapy. Susceptibility of H. pylori to levofloxacin was determined by strips impregnated with antibiotic gradient (E-test, bioMerieux). The obtained minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 0.002 mg/L to 32 mg/L. The percentage of strains resistant to levofloxacin amounted to 8.10% (17/210). Among the group of strains isolated from patients before the treatment, 5.85% (10/171) of H. pylori strains were resistant to levofloxacin. In the group of strains isolated from patients after the treatment 17.95% (7/39) of strains were resistant. The difference in the frequency of H. pylori strains resistant to levofloxacin in patients before and after the treatment of the infection due to H. pylori was statistically significant (p = 0.0297). The low percentage of H. pylori strains resistant to levofloxacin justify that the introduction of a triple therapy with levofloxacin is a good alternative in the treatment of H. pylori infections, especially in regions with high prevalence of H. pylori strains resistant to clarithromycin (> 20%)

Comparative "in vitro" studies of furazidin and nitrofurantoin activities against common uropathogens including multidrug-resistant strains of "E. coli" and "S. aureus"

Urinary tract infections caused by wide range of pathogens including gram-negative andgram-positive bacteria as well as fungi are a severe public health problem. The predominant causative agent of both uncomplicated and complicated urinary tract infections is Escherichia coli. In an era of increasing bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents and a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains in communityandhospital-acquired infections, the re-evaluation of older generations of antimicrobial agents, such as nitrofuran derivatives, seems to be a reasonable approach. The aim of the study was to evaluate furazidin activity against common uropathogens in comparison to nitrofurantoin and other selected antimicrobial agents, routinely used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Furazidin exhibited lower MICs than nitrofurantoin when tested against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria including clinical MDR E. coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The MICs for furazidin ranged from 4 to 64 mg/L forEnterobacteriaceae strains, from 2 to 4 mg/L for gram-positive cocci, and 0.5 mg/L for anaerobic bacteria. The MICs for nitrofurantoin ranged from 16 to 64 mg/L for Enterobacteriaceae strains, from 8 to 64 mg/L for gram positive cocci, and 4 mg/L for anaerobic bacteria. In addition, both nitrofurans displayed better activity against the tested bacterial strains than ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin, trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole. Nitrofuran derivatives displayed higher antimicrobial activity than other antimicrobial agents regardless of bacteria species or resistance mechanism

Motivation as an element of human resources management in public administration on the example of Subcarpathian Voivodeship Office

W niniejszej pracy analizie poddano zagadnienie motywowania pracowników administracji publicznej na przykładzie Podkarpackiego Urzędu Wojewódzkiego w Rzeszowie. W pierwszym rozdziale przedstawiono genezę pojęciową, modele oraz elementy koncepcji zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi. Następnie skupiono się na wyjaśnieniu głównych definicji i teorii dotyczących motywacji, bodźców motywacyjnych oraz systemu motywacyjnego. Odniesiono się tu także do sposobu motywowania stosowanego w urzędach administracji publicznej. W rozdziale trzecim przedstawiono metodologię badań, a w szczególności określono tu cele i hipotezy badań, które założone zostały na potrzeby niniejszej pracy. Głównym celem badań było sprawdzenie poziomu motywacji pracowników Urzędu, rodzaju czynników, które ich motywują oraz potrzeb i możliwości zmian istniejącego systemu motywacyjnego. Głębszą analizę zjawiska motywacji w administracji publicznej umożliwił wywiad oraz badania ankietowe przeprowadzone z 84 pracownikami Podkarpackiego Urzędu Wojewódzkiego. Ostatni, czwarty rozdział zawiera szczegółową analizę wyników przeprowadzonych badań. Na końcu pracy zawarto wnioski uzyskane z badań własnych i analizy literatury, propozycje usprawnienia systemu motywacyjnego w Urzędzie oraz rekomendacje dla zarządzających.The thesis examines the issue of motivating employees in public administration by taking the example of Subcarpathian Voivodeship Office in Rzeszow. The first chapter presents the genesis, models and elements of the concept of human resources management. Later the thesis focuses on explaining the main definitions and theories of motivation, incentives and motivational systems. This part also refers to the way of motivating employees in public administration. In the third chapter the main objectives and hypotheses of the research were formulated. The major purpose of the study was to check the level of motivation of the surveyed employees, the motivational factors and the needs and possibilities of changes to the existing motivational system in the Office. An in-depth analysis of motivation in public administration was enabled through interviews and surveys conducted with 84 employees of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship Office. The last, fourth chapter contains a detailed analysis of the results of the research. The end of the thesis includes conclusions drawn from the research and analysis of scientific literature, as well as proposals to improve the motivational system in the Office and recommendations for managers