Clusterin expression in non-neoplastic adenohypophyses and pituitary adenomas: Cytoplasmic clusterin localization in adenohypophysis is related to aging

Clusterin is a circulating multifunctional glycoprotein produced in several kinds of epithelial and neuronal cells. Clusterin is upregulated during different physiological and pathological states, such as senescence, type-2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer disease, and in various neoplasms. Herein, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of clusterin in non-neoplastic adenohypophysis of human autopsy subjects and pituitary adenomas. We also investigated the association of clusterin increase with age in adenohypophysis of autopsy subjects. Immunohistochemically, clusterin was found positive in the cytoplasm of all adenoma cases, and in the cytoplasm of parenchymal cells, stellate cells, mixed cell follicles and in colloidal material inside of the follicles of non-neoplastic adenohypophysis as well. Clusterin expression in pituitary adenomas was found significantly higher than in non-neoplastic adenohypophyses. In addition, in non-neoplastic adenohypophysis, a significant increase in clusterin expression levels between young (= 61 years) subjects (p<0.00001, analysis of variance [ANOVA]) was found. In addition to clusterin accumulation, presence of calcification (p<0.045, ANOVA) and presence of large follicles with colloid accumulation (p< 0.004, ANOVA) were also statistically significant factors related to aging in non-neoplastic adenohypophysis. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that clusterin expression was found in non-neoplastic adenohypophysis and in upregulated amounts in pituitary adenomas. This study also demonstrated that in non-neoplastic adenohypophyses, increase of clusterin positive cells; histopathological findings of calcification or presence colloidal material accumulation in large follicles were associated with age. To our knowledge, immunohistochemical localization of clusterin in pituitary adenomas was not reported previously.Yeditepe Üniversitesi Hastanesi Patoloji Laboratuvar

Comparison of Intravesical Application of Chondroitin Sulphate and Colchicine in Rat Protamine/Lipopolysaccharide Induced Cystitis Model

Purpose: To investigate beneficial effect of the readily available colchicine through its intravesical application on protamine/lipopolysaccharide induced interstitial cystitis model in rat and to compare its efficacy to the chondroitin sulphate available for clinical use

Xanthogranulomatous Cystitis: A Challenging Imitator Of Bladder Cancer

Xanthogranulomatous cystitis is a rare, benign, chronic inflammatory disease of the bladder, mimicking malignancy with unknown etiology. Herein, we report a 57-year-old man who presented with pollakiuria, nocturia, dysuria, left flank pain, and a palpable mass on the right lower abdomen. Computerized tomography demonstrated an obstructing 10-mm stone in the lower third of the left ureter and a 6-cm solid mass on the right at the anterolateral wall of the bladder. The mass presented local perivesical invasion at the anterolateral side. Cystouretroscopy revealed a mass protruding into the bladder cavity with edematous smooth surface. Frozen section analysis of the partial cystectomy specimen could not rule out malignancy. Therefore, radical cystoprostatectomy and ureterolithotomy were performed. Histologically, fibrosis, numerous plasma cells, eosinophils, and, immunohistochemically, CD68-positive epithelioid and foamy macrophages were detected. Localized prostatic adenocarcinoma was also found. The present case of xanthogranulomatous cystitis is the 23rd to be reported in the world literature.PubMedWoSScopu

The effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on liver damage, oxidative stress, and advanced glycation end products in experimental nonalcoholic- and alcoholic- fatty liver disease

Background/aim: Oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation are proposed as effective mechanisms in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 was proposed to have antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antiglycation properties. In this study, the effect of 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 treatment on oxidative stress parameters and AGEs levels together with hepatic histopathology was investigated in high fructose (HFr) or ethanol (EtOH)-treated rats

Effect of Carnosine on Renal Function, Oxidation and Glycation Products in the Kidneys of High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Background High fat diet (HFD) and low dose of streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats provide an animal model for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Oxidative stress plays a role in the development of diabetic complications. Carnosine (CAR) has antioxidant and antiglycating properties. We investigated effects of CAR on renal function, oxidation and glycation products in HFD + STZ-rats

VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY DID NOT AUGMENT THE PROGRESSION OF HIGH-FRUCTOSE-INDUCED NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN RATS

Objective: Vitamin D has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiglycation activities, and hepatoprotective potential. There is a relationship between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and the severityof liver disorders. VDD has been proposed to contribute to the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, experimental results are not clear. Therefore, in this study,the effects of a VDD diet on high fructose (HFr) drinking-induced NAFLD was evaluated. Material and Method: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as control, HFr, VDD+HFr, and VDD. Control and HFr groups were fed a control diet, and other groups with a VDD-dietfor 12 weeks. HFr (30%; w/v; in drinking water) was given in the last 8 weeks. Insulin resistance (IR), serum lipids, hepatic triglyceride, lipid peroxide, protein carbonyl, advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and inflammation (TNF-α and myeloperoxidase) parameters, and histopathological changes were investigated. Results: Increases in serum transaminases, hypertriglyceridemia, and IR were observed in HFr and VDD+HFr groups. Increased liver triglyceride, lipid and protein oxidation products, proteinglycation and inflammation markers as well as microvesicular hepatic steatosis and hepatocyte ballooning were observed in both groups. Although IR and hepatic inflammation markerswere higher in the VDD+HFr group, serum transaminases, hepatic triglyceride, lipid and protein oxidation products, and glycation indicators in the liver did not alter between the two groups.However, Nrf2 mRNA expression and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase mRNA expression and activities were significantly higher in the VDD+HFr group.Conclusion: Our results show that VDD did not augmented HFr-induced hepatotoxicity and glycooxidative stress in the liver of rats

In vitro release and In vivo biocompatibility studies of biomimetic multilayered alginate-chitosan/beta-TCP scaffold for osteochondral tissue

Biomimetic three-layered monolithic scaffold (TLS) intended for the treatment of osteocondral defects was prepared by using alginate, chitosan and beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP)to study drug release behavior of the alternative drug delivery system and to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of the scaffold. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Dex) as a model drug was incorporated into the scaffold by solvent sorption method and in vitro release studies were conducted. In addition, the scaffold was implanted into the defects formed in the trochlea of Sprague-Dawley rats to assess the healing potential of the TLS on the osteochondral defect against reference Maioregen (R) comparatively. The release studies showed that after an initial burst at 3rdh, dexamethasone is released slowly during a 72-h period. In vivo studies indicated that the TLS has good tissue biocompatibility and biodegradation rate and showed better results during osteochondral healing process compared to the reference. All results demonstrated that the alginate-chitosan/beta-TCP scaffold could be evaluated as a good candidate for osteochondral tissue applications