Investigation of Toll-like Receptor-2, -3 and -4 Gene Expressions in Larynx Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Objective:Despite all the recent advancements, larynx cancer has shown no improvement in survival rates. The aim of this study was to investigate the expressions of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, -3, and -4 genes, and determine any relationships with the histopathologic characteristics of the disease.Methods:This retrospective study included 50 subjects who underwent total or partial laryngectomy with an open surgical method for larynx squamous cell carcinoma. Measurements of TLRs-2, -3, and -4 expression values were taken with quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction in normal tissue and tumor tissue samples of the patients.Results:Evaluations were made of TLR-2, -3, and -4 mRNA expressions according to 2-ΔΔCT calculations in 50 subjects with larynx cancer. When the tumor tissue was compared with the healthy tissue from the same subjects, reductions were determined in TLR expression in 86%, 84%, and 82%, respectively. This reduction in each gene expression was statistically significant (p<0.001). No statistically significant correlation was determined between the change in TLR-2, -3, and -4 expression and the histopathologic characteristics of the disease.Conclusion:The data obtained in this study demonstrated that TLR-2, -3, and -4 expressions were reduced in larynx squamous cell cancer. The results of further studies targeting these genes would be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease

Contribution of children's image in Behçet Necatigil's poems to Turkish education in terms of themes

Behçet Necatigil, çağdaş Türk edebiyatının önde gelen isimlerindendir. Onun şiirlerinde, ev ve sokaktaki insanlar, anneler, babalar, gençler ve çocuklar, aile ve geçim sıkıntıları, yalnızlıkları, endişeleri ve gelecek korkularıyla işlenirler. Necatigil’in şiirleri söyleyiş bakımından kapalı, kolay anlaşılmayan bir şiirdir; ancak çocuklar için yazdığı şiirler eğitsel amaçlı iletilerle doludur ve didaktik bir özelliğe sahiptir. Bu tarz şiirlerindeki aile sevgisi, büyüklere saygı, yaşama sevinci, mutlu olma arzusu, acıma duygusu, gençliğin değeri, iyi bir insan olmak, doğruluk, çalışkanlık… gibi davranışlar Türkçe Öğretim Programı’na uygunluk gösterir. Behçet Necatigil’in çocuklar için yazdığı ya da çocukluk yıllarını konu edinen şiirleri üzerindeki çalışmamızın temel amacı, edebî değerlerinin yanında eğitsel iletileri araştırmaktır. Böylece şairin çocuk edebiyatındaki yeri ve önemi ortaya konulmuş olacaktır. Necatigil’in şiirlerindeki çocuk temasını incelemeye yönelik tezimiz 5 bölümden oluşmaktadır. “Giriş” niteliğindeki I. Bölümde, Behçet Necatigil’in şairliği, şiir anlayışı ve şiirlerindeki başlıca temalar üzerinde durulmuştur. II. Bölüm: Kuramsal Çerçeve ve İlgili Araştırmalar olup, bu bölümde çocuk şiirinin kuramsal temelleri ve Türkçe’deki gelişme çizgisi üzerinde durulmuştur. Burada Behçet Necatigil hakkında yapılan araştırma ve incelemelerin değerlendirilmesi de yapılmıştır. Tezimizin hazırlık, materyal toplama ve yazım aşamasında değişik yöntemlere başvurulmuştur. Bunlar III. Bölüm’de açıklanmıştır. Şiir metinlerinin incelenmesinden ulaşılan sonuçlar, IV. Bölüm: “Bulgular ve Yorum” da Behçet Necatigil’in Şiirlerinde Çocuklar başlığı altında yazılmıştır. V. Bölüm: Sonuç ve Öneriler’e ayrılmıştır. Bu bölümde Behçet Necatigil’in çocuk edebiyatındaki yeri saptanmaya çalışılmış ve şiirlerinin Türkçe dersi hedef davranışları açısından değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır.Behçet Necatigil is a leading figure in contemporary Turkish literature. In his poems, people at home and on the street, mothers, fathers, youth and children, family and livelihood problems, loneliness, worries and fears of the future are handled. Necatigil's poems are closed, not easy to understand poetry; but the poems he wrote for children are full of educational messages and have a didactic quality. This kind of poetry family love, respect for elders, joy of life, desire to be happy, pity, the value of youth, being a good person, righteousness, industriousness ere behaviors such as the Turkish Program. The main purpose of our study on the poems of Behçet Necatigil which he wrote for children or about their childhood years is to investigate literary values as well as educational messages. Thus, the place and importance of poet in children's literature will be put forward. The thesis on children's theme in Necatigil's poems consists of 5 chapters. In Chapter I, which is an Introduction , the main themes of Behçet Necatigil's poetry and poems are emphasized. II. Chapter: The Theoretical Framework and Related Researches. In this section, the theoretical foundations of children's poetry and the development line in Turkish are emphasized. Here, the evaluation of the investigations and investigations on Behçet Necatigil was conducted. Various methods were used in the preparation, material collection and writing process of our thesis. These are III. Section is explained. The results of the study of poetry texts, IV. Chapter: Findings and Interpretation was written under the title Children in the Poems of Behçet Necatigil. Section V is divided into Conclusions and Recommendations. In this section, the place of Behçet Necatigil in children's literature was tried to be determined and the evaluation of his poems in terms of the target behaviors of Turkish lesson was done

SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY

A previous study showed that Turkish and American clinicians and first and fourth year Turkish psychology students were similar to each other in terms of their attitudes toward mental patients. In the present study, first year psychology, science, and medical students were compared to see whether psychology students had more favorable attitudes towards mental patients. In addition, the relationship between the medical students' degree of preference for psychiatry and their attitudes was examined. Analysis of the semantic differential responses revealed that the student groups were basically similar, but psychology and medical students were more similar to each other than to science students. Preference for psychiatry was significantly related to some of the semantic differential items. Possible explanations of the results were discussed and a need for further research was pointed out.Publisher's Versio

Recognition, desired social distance, expected burden and negative influence on mental health among Turkish freshmen

Attitudes toward three types of disorders and a normal subject portrayed in vignettes were assessed among university students. The variables assessed were: perception of mental illness in the vignettes; desired social distance; emotional and physical burden expected; and expected negative influence on one's mental health from association with the type of persons portrayed in the vignettes. Analysis revealed that, in terms of variables assessed, the most “negative” ratings were recorded for the paranoid schizophrenic case and the most “positive” recorded for the normal subject. The simple schizophrenia and the anxiety neurosis/depression cases fell between the other two cases. Finally, with a few exceptions, all the variables assessed were significantly correlated with each other

Yaşlı hastalarda uygunsuz ADH salınımına bağlı ciddi hiponatremi

İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi.Amaç: Yaşlı hastalarda medikal problemlerin çokluğu birden fazla ilaç kullanımını gerektirmektedir. Buda ilaçlara bağlı yan etkilerin daha sık ve daha şiddetli olarark ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu sunumda antiepileptik ve antidepresan kullanan yaşlı hastalarda tiyazid grubu diüretik etkili ilaçların derinleştirdiği hiponatremiye dikkat çekmeyi amaçladık

Utilization of tailings in concrete products: A review

Many properties of concrete with tailings have been examined in the literature, but it is seen that there are not many studies on the environmental properties of these concretes. It is thought that the environmentally risky properties of these concretes limit the use of tailings. Due to the environmental risks of tailings, the concrete with these tailings also has the potential to cause environmental damage. For this reason, in addition to the me-chanical properties of the concrete with tailings, the environmental properties are also discussed as a separate topic, and the methods and studies used in this subject in the literature are presented in detail. Also, this study investigated the use of mining process tailings in concrete production instead of fine aggregate and cement. Thus, it was emphasized that evaluations should not only be made according to the mechanical properties of the concrete with tailings but also concrete's environmental characteristics should be taken into consideration. This study is designed to be used as a literature study for the use of different tailings instead of fine aggregate or cement in concrete and to determine tailings rates. In this context, the results of the mechanical and environ-mental (pH and heavy metals) studies of tailings with concrete products in the literature are given. The rela-tionship between the mechanical results in the study and the tailings rates was evaluated in terms of physical and chemical properties. As a result, the ratio of tailings to optimum use as fine aggregate was found to be substituted at between 10 and 40%. The amount of tailings substituted in cement, however, was estimated to be between 5 and 20%. In addition, in the studies, it was observed that the pH of metallic tailings varied between 5 and 8.3, while the heavy metal ions of the concrete containing the tailings were found below the drinking water and toxicological limits