Geographical terms of Finnic substrate origin in the toponymy of Eastern Obonezh’e

The paper offers an analysis of one of the best represented groups of substrate appellative lexis fixed in the toponymy of Eastern Obonezh’e – the landscape term, which is found in all structural types of the Finnic toponymic substrate in the study area. This group of terms from the toponymy of the region portrays the characteristic features and varieties of the landscape people use to build settlements, and practice industries and trades. Hence, through analysis and identification of structural and lexical-semantic models typical of specific time periods and ethnic groups one can reconstruct the main stages and pathways of colonisation of the land, determine the nature of contacts between cultures and languages, and form conjectures about land use, since the models of naming geographical objects are transferred to new territories as the population moves

Soviet, Russian, and American developments in intensive instruction : a movement towards practical application

textToday, numerous universities around the world are struggling with ever growing financial limitations arising from the education market and governments that control educational funding. At the same time, despite increasingly limited finances, educators must offer the same high quality of instruction that they always have to ensure their students' success in the future while working with diminished resources and funds. Current pressure leads universities and foreign language educators to seek new ways to optimize education and learning. Intensive methods can be considered a part of a solution. The current paper will not focus on the effectiveness of intensive language programs, but rather on intensive language instruction and methodologies that have been developed and are in the process of continuous development as education changes. This paper will discuss intensive methods both in their theoretical framework and practical applications. As most of the methodologies used in intensive instruction were developed in the former Soviet Union and now in Russia, this paper will also focus on Soviet and Russian developments of teaching methodologies during the past century.Russian, East European, and Eurasian Studie

The dynamics of ice melting in the conditions of crybot movement

The mathematical modeling results of the simultaneous processes of heat and mass transfer under the conditions of intense phase changes (melting of ice) during the movement of cryobot have been given. The spatial unevenness of the melting rate of ice has been taken into account. It has been established that the rate of passage of the cryobot depends essentially on its temperature. According to the results of the numerical simulation, considerable cooling of the cryobot sheath has been established. The latter is due to the high endothermic effect of melting ice

Mathematical modeling of the melting of ice under conditions of motion of a heat drill

The mathematical modeling results of the simultaneous processes of heat and mass transfer under the conditions of intense phase changes (melting of ice) during the movement of cryobot have been given. The spatial unevenness of the melting rate of ice has been taken into account. It has been established that the rate of passage of the cryobot depends essentially on its temperature. According to the results of the numerical simulation, considerable cooling of the cryobot sheath has been established. The latter is due to the high endothermic effect of melting ice

Mathematical modeling of heating of a dimetallic plate by a high-energy concentrated radiation flux

Mathematical modeling of heat transfer processes proceeding together under conditions of intense phase transformations (melting and evaporation of metals) under laser action on a dimetallic target has been carried out. Based on the results of numerical simulation, it is established that the laser power exerts a significant influence on the dynamics of the melting process. It is shown that evaporation of metal in the boundary layer of the plate can also have a significant effect on the heat transfer characteristics. It is established that metal vapors forming a gas mixture in the near-wall region can absorb laser radiation and cause the phenomenon of optical resonance with increasing their critical concentration, in other words, when the metal melts, optical breakdown is possible

Readiness of future teachers for sociocultural education of children in modern conditions of society development

The modern sociocultural situation of the development of society involves taking into account all aspects of human life in the educational process. Are our students - future preschool teachers - ready to build their activities taking into account socio-cultural aspects. The authors consider the characteristic of readiness, highlighting motivational and value-based component (awareness of the importance of their process, readiness for continuous improvement and professional development, highlighting the values of professional activity), activity-technological component (knowledge of the ways of interaction with the subjects of the pedagogical process, design of the educational and educational process, the use of modern teaching tools (IT), information and knowledge component (knowledge of the specifics of preschool childhood, modern trends in the development of society and education, learning technologies). The study shows the insufficient level of development of the 2nd and the 3rd components of the readiness of future teachers. The proposed methods of professional training of future teachers of preschool education are associated with the use of business games, conducting master classes, studying the technological component of the educational process

Mycoplasma Suppression of THP-1 Cell TLR Responses Is Corrected with Antibiotics

Mycoplasma contamination of cultured cell lines is a serious problem in research, altering cellular response to different stimuli thus compromising experimental results. We found that chronic mycoplasma contamination of THP-1 cells suppresses responses of THP-1 cells to TLR stimuli. For example, E. coli LPS induced IL-1 β was suppressed by 6 fold and IL-8 by 10 fold in mycoplasma positive THP-1 cells. Responses to live F. novicida challenge were suppressed by 50-fold and 40-fold respectively for IL-1β and IL-8. Basal TLR4 expression level in THP-1 cells was decreased by mycoplasma by 2.4-fold (p = 0.0003). Importantly, cell responses to pathogen associated molecular patterns are completely restored by mycoplasma clearance with Plasmocin. Thus, routine screening of cell lines for mycoplasma is important for the maintenance of reliable experimental data and contaminated cell lines can be restored to their baseline function with antibiotic clearance of mycoplasma

Transcription regulation of the EcoRV restriction–modification system

When a plasmid containing restriction–modification (R–M) genes enters a naïve host, unmodified host DNA can be destroyed by restriction endonuclease. Therefore, expression of R–M genes must be regulated to ensure that enough methyltransferase is produced and that host DNA is methylated before the endonuclease synthesis begins. In several R–M systems, specialized Control (C) proteins coordinate expression of the R and the M genes. C proteins bind to DNA sequences called C-boxes and activate expression of their cognate R genes and inhibit the M gene expression, however the mechanisms remain undefined. Here, we studied the regulation of gene expression in the C protein-dependent EcoRV system. We map the divergent EcoRV M and R gene promoters and we define the site of C protein-binding that is sufficient for activation of the EcoRV R transcription

To the question of the relevance of the development and prospects for the use of the bacteriophage <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>

Introduction. The prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains causing invasive forms of pneumococcal infection and the growing rates of antibiotic resistance of individual serotypes of the pathogen pose a number of urgent and socially significant tasks the search for new antimicrobial agents for prevention and treatment. Objective. To analyze the data of scientific publications of domestic and foreign authors on the problems of practical use and prospects for the development of the bacteriophage S. pneumoniae drug aimed at the actual serotypes of the pathogen. Results. Analysis of literary sources in scientific electronic databases and publishing houses eLibrary.Ru, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Springerlink, Wiley Online Library, Annual reviews allowed us to summarize information about four isolated lytic bacteriophages of S. pneumoniae and their endolysins, as well as about two lysogenic phages, to present data on the clinical efficacy of streptococcal bacteriophage in pneumococcal infection in animals and humans. The results of search queries on the most significant and widespread serotypes of S. pneumoniae in the territory of the Russian Federation have established the predominance in the structure of variants 19F, 14, 9V/A, 15 A/F, 6 A/B/C/D, 3 and 23F. Some of them are characterized by a high level of antibiotic resistance and cause invasive forms of the disease, and serotypes 15 A/F/C, 6 C/D are not represented in modern vaccines, which increases the relevance of the development and use of pneumococcal bacteriophage, including intraspecific typing of significant and common serotypes. Conclusion. Based on the analysis of the current state of the issue of pneumococcal bacteriophages, the information obtained on the circulation of topical strains of S. pneumoniae on the territory of the Russian Federation and their serotype landscape, it is concluded that the development of the bacteriophage S. pneumoniae drug is relevant as a means of targeted action for the prevention, diagnosis and personalized therapy of human diseases of pneumococcal etiology