An electronic survey of preferred podcast format and content requirements among trainee emergency medicine specialists in four Southern African universities

CITATION: Ekambaram, K., et al. 2021. An electronic survey of preferred podcast format and content requirements among trainee emergency medicine specialists in four Southern African universities. African Journal of Emergency Medicine, 11(1): 3-9, doi:10.1016/j.afjem.2020.10.014.The original publication is available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/african-journal-of-emergency-medicinestudy aims to explore the desired content, format and delivery characteristics of a potential educational, context- specific Southern African EM podcast, by investigating current podcast usages, trends and preferences among Southern African EM registrars of varying seniority. Methods: We developed an electronic survey - using a combination of existing literature, context-specific specialist-training guidance, and input from local experts – exploring preferred podcast characteristics among EM registrars from four Southern African universities. Results: The study’s response rate was 75%, with 24 of the 39 respondents being junior registrars. Ninety-four percent (94%) of respondents used EM podcasts as an educational medium: 64% predominantly using pod- casts to supplement a personal EM study program. The primary mode of accessing podcasts was via personal mobile devices (84%). Additionally, respondents preferred a shorter podcast duration (5–15 min), favoured multimedia podcasts (56%) and showed an apparent aversion toward recorded faculty lectures (5%). Eighty-two percent (82%) of respondents preferred context-specific podcast content, with popular topics including toxi- cology (95%), cardiovascular emergencies (79%) and medico-legal matters (74%). Just-in-Time learning proved an unpopular learning strategy in our study population, despite its substantial educational value. Conclusion: Podcast-usage proved to be near-ubiquitous among the studied Southern African EM registrars. Quintessentially, future context-specific podcast design should cater for mobile device-use, shorter duration podcasts, more video content, context-specific topics, and content optimised for both Just-in-Time learning.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211419X20301312Publisher’s versio

The Prevalence of Previously Undiagnosed Leprosy in the General Population of Northwest Bangladesh

In order to estimate the level of leprosy in an area with many leprosy patients, we determined the prevalence of previously undiagnosed leprosy in the general population and compared this with the registered (or known) number of leprosy patients. We also compared it with the known prevalence of leprosy in contacts of leprosy patients. We examined 20 randomly selected geographical clusters of 1,000 persons each in two districts of Bangladesh, with over 4 million population. Physical examination was performed on all individuals. The number of newly found leprosy cases among 17,862 people above 5 years of age from the clusters was 27, giving a rate of previously undiagnosed leprosy of 15.1 per 10,000. This rate is six times higher than the registered prevalence, but three times lower than the rate in the most distant subgroup of contacts (neighbour of neighbour and social contacts) of leprosy patients in the same area. We conclude that in areas where leprosy is common, it may be preferable to do full village or neighbourhood surveys when a new leprosy patient is found, rather than to limit contact surveys to close contacts only, such as household members

Synthesis and down conversion emission property of Eu3+ doped LaAlO3 CsAlO2 and LiLaO2 phosphors

[EN] LaAlO3:Eu3+, CsAlO2:Eu3+ and LiLaO2:Eu3+ phosphors with varying concen- trations of Eu3+ from 3 to 10 mol% were prepared by combustion synthesis method and the samples were further heated to 1,000ºC to improve the crystallinity of the materials. The structure and morphology of materials have been examined by X-ray diffraction and scan- ning electron microscopy. SEM images depicted that the morphology of crystallites have no uniform shapes and sizes. Small and coagulated particles of irregular shapes of different sizes are obtained. The characteristic emissions of Eu3+ were clearly observed at nearly 580, 592, 650, 682 to 709 (multiplet structure) nm for 5D - 7 Fn transitions where n = 0, 1, 3, 4 respectively, including the strongest emission peaks at 614 and 620 nm for 5 D0 - 7 F2 transitions in CsAlO2:Eu3+ and LiLaO2:Eu3+ host lattices. The intensity of emission peak corresponding to 5 D0 !→ 7 F1 transitions in LaAlO3 :Eu3+ material is comparable to that of 5D0 5D-7F2 transitions which is also a singlet. Photoluminescence intensity follows the order as in LiLaO2 > LaAlO3 > CsAlO2 lattices. Remarkable high photoluminescence intensity with 7 mol% doping of Eu3+ in LiLaO2 makes it a strong contender for red colored display applications.This work was supported by the European Commission through Nano CIS project (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IRSES ref. 269279).Marí Soucase, B.; Singh, KC.; Moya Forero, MM.; Singh, I.; Om, H.; Chand, S. (2015). Synthesis and down conversion emission property of Eu3+ doped LaAlO3 CsAlO2 and LiLaO2 phosphors. Optical and Quantum Electronics. 47(7):1569-1578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-014-9997-9S15691578477Abbattista, F., Vallino, M.: Remarks on the $$\text{La}_{2}\text{O}_{3}-\text{Li}_{2}\text{O}$$ La 2 O 3 - Li 2 O binary system between 750 and 1,000  $$^{\circ}$$ ∘ C. Ceram. Int. 9, 35–38 (1983)Bae, Y., Lee, K., Byeon, S.: Synthesis and $$\text{Eu}^{3+}$$ Eu 3 + concentration-dependent photoluminescence of $$\text{Gd}_{\rm 2-x}\text{Eu}_{\rm x}\text{O}_{3}$$ Gd 2 - x Eu x O 3 nanowires. J. Lumin. 129, 81–85 (2009)Blasse, G., Grambier, B.: Luminescent Materials, vol. 43. Springer, Berlin, pp. 43–46 (1994)Dereń, P., Krupa, J.: Spectroscopic investigations of $$\text{LaAlO}_{3}$$ LaAlO 3 : $$\text{Eu}^{3+}$$ Eu 3 + . J. Lumin. 102–103, 386–390 (2003)Ekambaram, S., Patil, K.: Synthesis and properties of $$\text{Eu}^{2+}$$ Eu 2 + activated blue phosphors. J. Alloys Compd. 248, 7–12 (1997)Gao, X., Lei, L., Lv, C., Sun, Y., Zheng, H., Cui, Y.: Preparation and photoluminescence property of a loose powder, $$\text{Ca}_{3}\text{Al}_{2}\text{O}_{6}$$ Ca 3 Al 2 O 6 : $$\text{Eu}^{3+}$$ Eu 3 + by calcination of a layered double hydroxide precursor. J. Solid State Chem. 181, 1776–1781 (2008)Hayakawa, T., Kamt, N., Yamada, K.: Visible emission characteristics in $$\text{Tb}^{3+}$$ Tb 3 + -doped fluorescent glasses under selective excitation. J. Lumin. 68, 179–186 (1996)Hreniak, D., Strek, W., Dereń, P., Bednarkiewicz, A., Łukowiak, A.: J. Alloys Compd. 408, 828–830 (2006)Huang, Y., Jiang, C., Cao, Y., Shi, L., Seo, H.: Luminescence and microstructures of $$\text{Eu}^{3+}$$ Eu 3 + -doped in triple phosphate $$\text{Ca}_{8}\text{MgR}(\text{PO}_{4})_{7}$$ Ca 8 MgR ( PO 4 ) 7 (R = La, Gd, Y) with whitlockite structure. Mater. Res. Bull. 44, 793–798 (2009)Kharbache, H., Mahiou, R., Boutinaud, P., Boyer, D., Zakaria, D., Deren, P.: Experimental evidence of $$\text{Eu}^{3+}$$ Eu 3 + pairs in $$\text{K}_{2}\text{EuF}_{5}$$ K 2 EuF 5 . Opt. Mater. 31, 558–561 (2009)Kijima, T., Shinbori, T., Sekita, M., Uota, M., Sakai, G.: Abnormally enhanced $$\text{Eu}^{3+}$$ Eu 3 + emission in $$\text{Y}_{2}\text{O}_{2}\text{SO}_{4}$$ Y 2 O 2 SO 4 : $$\text{Eu}^{3+}$$ Eu 3 + inherited from their precursory dodecylsulfate-templated concentric-layered nanostructure. J. Lumin. 128, 311–316 (2008)Liu, G., Hong, G., Wang, J., Dong, X.: Hydrothermal synthesis of spherical and hollow $$\text{Gd}_{2}\text{O}_{3}$$ Gd 2 O 3 : $$\text{Eu}^{3+}$$ Eu 3 + phosphors. J. Alloys Compd. 432, 200–204 (2007)Mączka, M., Bednarkiewicz, A., Mendoza-Mendoza, E., Fuentes, A.F., Kępiński, L.: Optical properties of Eu and Er doped $$\text{LaAlO}_{3}$$ LaAlO 3 nanopowders prepared by low-temperature method. J. Solid State Chem. 194, 264–269 (2012)Mao, Z., Wang, D., Lu, Q., Yu, W., Yuan, Z.: Tunable single-doped single-host full-color-emitting $$\text{LaAlO}_{3}$$ LaAlO 3 : $$\text{Eu}$$ Eu phosphor via valence state-controlled means. Chem. 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Chromosomal profile of indigenous pig (Sus scrofa)

Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the chromosomal profile of indigenous pigs by computing morphometric measurements. Materials and Methods: A cytogenetic study was carried out in 60 indigenous pigs to analyze the chromosomal profile by employing the short term peripheral blood lymphocyte culture technique. Results: The modal chromosome number (2n) in indigenous pigs was found to be 38 and a fundamental number of 64 as in the exotic. First chromosome was the longest pair, and thirteenth pair was the second largest while Y-chromosome was the smallest in the karyotype of the pig. The mean relative length, arm ratio, centromeric indices and morphological indices of chromosomes varied from 1.99±0.01 to 11.23±0.09, 1.04±0.05 to 2.95±0.02, 0.51±0.14 to 0.75±0.09 and 2.08±0.07 to 8.08±0.15%, respectively in indigenous pigs. Sex had no significant effect (p>0.05) on all the morphometric measurements studied. Conclusion: The present study revealed that among autosomes first five pairs were sub metacentric, next two pairs were sub telocentric (6-7), subsequent five pairs were metacentric (8-12) and remaining six pairs were telocentric (13-18), while both allosomes were metacentric. The chromosomal number, morphology and various morphometric measurements of the chromosomes of the indigenous pigs were almost similar to those established breeds reported in the literature

General and selective homogeneous Ru-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation, deuteration, and methylation of functional compounds using methanol

Catalytic valorization of methanol in organic synthesis and energy technologies is interesting and important for both fundamental research and industrial applications. In particular, its utilization as hydrogen, deuterium and methyl sources for selective reduction and deuteration reactions as well as to access N-methylated products is highly desirable and can be considered as a potential methodology for the amplification of transfer hydrogenation and C1 chemistry. Here, we report homogeneous Ru-MACHO complex catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of different functionalized compounds such as ketones, aldehydes, alkynes, alkenes, imines, azobenzenes, and nitro compounds as well as deoxygenation of N-oxide derivatives employing methanol as an affordable hydrogen donor and solvent. This Ru-based strategy has been proven to be very convenient for the deuteration process to synthesize advanced deuterium-labelled compounds, including the gram-scale synthesis of deuterated pharmaceuticals such as d-Cloperastine, d-Buclizine, d-Diphendyarmine, d-Modafinil, and d-Adrafinil using CD3OD. In addition, the application of methanol as a C1 source for the preparation of N-methylated products is showcased. Finally, kinetic and mechanistic investigations for this Ru-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation and deuteration protocols have been performed.Web of Science42540538