Noble gases from the interstellar medium trapped on the MIR space station and analyzed by in vacuo etching

Introduction: The composition of the present interstellar medium (ISM) provides an important benchmark in cosmochemistry. It serves as a reference for galactic chemical evolution (GCE) models, solar mixing predictions and provides information for understanding Big Bang nucleosynthesis. The present-day ISM 3He abundance allows, combined with the protosolar 3He, deduced from the Jovian atmosphere or meteorites [1,2], tracing the GCE over the past 4.56 Ga. 3He/4He = (2.5 0.6) x 10-4 has been determined for the local ISM [3]. However, the uncertainty is too large to better constrain GCE models and - in combination with the present-day solar wind value - the protosolar D/H [4]

Registration of the First Thermonuclear X-ray Burst from AX J1754.2-2754

During the analysis of the INTEGRAL observatory archival data we found a powerful X-ray burst, registered by JEM-X and IBIS/ISGRI telescopes on April 16, 2005 from a weak and poorly known source AX J1754.2-2754. Analysis of the burst profiles and spectrum shows, that it was a type I burst, which result from thermonuclear explosion on the surface of nutron star. It means that we can consider AX J1754.2-2754 as an X-ray burster. Certain features of burst profile at its initial stage witness of a radiation presure driven strong expansion and a corresponding cooling of the nutron star photosphere. Assuming, that the luminosity of the source at this phase was close to the Eddington limit, we estimated the distance to the burst source d=6.6+/-0.3 kpc (for hidrogen atmosphere of the neutron star) and d=9.2+/-0.4 kpc (for helium atmosphere).Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

Effectiveness of the preventive treatment of tuberculosis in patients with severe immunodeficiency HIV-infection

A scheme is proposed and hosted a preventive treatment for tuberculosis in patients with profound immunodeficiency in HIV infection in the study screening diagnosis of tuberculosis of the Sverdlovsk Regional Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and infectious diseases. For the first time by calculating odds ratios examined the effectiveness of the preventive treatment of tuberculosis in patients with profound immunodeficiency in HIV infection. It proved to be highly effective in calculating the odds ratios for all the studied group of patients with HIV infection, including receiving or not receiving antiretroviral therapy, young age - from 18 to 34 years, people reacted negatively to tuberculin Mantoux test with 2 ТЕ, persons with severe immunosuppression, persons with viral hepatitis V, and - for the prevention of mortality in all studied patients. Putting into practice the Sverdlovsk Oblast AIDS Center, the courses of preventive treatment for tuberculosis is indicated for patients with HIV reduced the risk of tuberculosis incidence and mortality of these patients.Предложена схема и организовано проведение превентивного лечения туберкулеза для больных с глубоким иммунодефицитом при ВИЧ-инфекции в кабинете скрининговой диагностики туберкулеза Свердловского областного Центра по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями. Впервые с помощью расчета отношения шансов изучена эффективность превентивного лечения туберкулеза у больных с глубоким иммунодефицитом при ВИЧ-инфекции. Оно оказалось высокоэффективным при расчете значений отношения шансов для всей изученной группы больных ВИЧ-инфекции, в том числе получавших или не получавших антиретровирусную терапию, лиц молодого возраста - от 18 до 34 лет, лиц, отрицательно реагировавших на туберкулиновую пробу Манту с 2 ТЕ, лиц с выраженным иммунодефицитом, лиц с вирусным гепатитом «С», а также - для предотвращения летальности среди всех изученных больных. Внедрение в практику Свердловского областного Центра СПИД проведение курсов превентивного лечения туберкулеза показанным больным ВИЧ-инфекцией позволило снизить в области риск заболеваемости туберкулезом и летальности этих пациентов

The prevention of tuberculosis among children born to HIV-infected mothers in the Sverdlovsk region and assessment of its effectiveness

In the Sverdlovsk region, tor the first time in Russia in 2004, was introduced in immunization against tuberculosis hospital of children born to HIV-inlected patients mothers. Developed and used an algorithm for tuberculosis prevention in children born to HIV-infected patients mothers during pregnancy the mother during and after childbirth. A study of two groups of infants born to HIV-infected patients in the mothers. 1993-2007: the first consisted of 600 children who were vaccinated and the second - 271 children, not vaccinated against tuberculosis. Both groups were stratified into subgroups of children with HIV infection and without. When calculating the odds ratios indicated that HIV infection increases the risk of tuberculosis of children born to HIV-infected patients mothers, but had no effect on the development of superelevation tuberculin tests and complications after BCG vaccination and ТВ mortality studied children. BCG vaccination significantly reduced the likelihood of a bend and tuberculin tests for tuberculosis of all the studied children and those without HIV born to HIV-infected patients mothers, and significantly increases the asymptomatic children with HIV infection.В Свердловской области, впервые в России, в 2004 году была внедрена иммунизации в роддоме против туберкулеза детей, родившихся от больных ВИЧ-инфекцией матерей. Разработан и использовался алгоритм профилактики туберкулеза у детей. рожденных от больных ВИЧ-инфекцией матерей, в период беременности матери, во время и после родов. Проведено исследование двух групп детей раннего возраста, родившихся от больных ВИЧ-инфекцией матерей в области в 1993-2007 годах: первая включала 600 детей, вакцинированных и вторая - 271 ребенка, не вакцинированных против туберкулеза. Обе группы стратифицированы на подгруппы детей с ВИЧ-инфекцией и без нее. При расчете отношения шансов отмечено, что ВИЧ-инфекция увеличивала риск заболевания туберкулезом детей, рожденных от больных ВИЧ-инфекцией матерей, но не оказала влияния на развитие виража туберкулиновых проб и осложнений после вакцинации БЦЖ, а также летальности от туберкулеза изученных детей. Вакцинация БЦЖ существенно снижала вероятность развития виража туберкулиновых проб и заболевания туберкулезом всех изученных детей и детей без ВИЧ-инфекции, рожденных от больных ВИЧ-инфекцией матерей, и значительно увеличивала срок бессимптомного течения у детей ВИЧ-инфекции

Outburst of the X-ray transient SAX J1818.6-1703 detected by INTEGRAL in September 2003

During the observation of the Galactic-center field by the INTEGRAL observatory on September 9, 2003, the IBIS/ISGRI gamma-ray telescope detected a short (several-hours-long) intense (~380 mCrab at the peak) outburst of hard radiation from the X-ray transient SAX J1818.6-1703. Previously, this source was observed only once in 1998 during a similar short outburst. We present the results of our localization, spectral and timing analyses of the object and briefly discuss the possible causes of the outburst. The release time of the bulk of the energy in such an outburst is appreciably shorter than the accretion (viscous) time that characterizes the flow of matter through a standard accretion disk.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, to be published in Astronomy Letters, v. 31, n. 10, p. 672 (2005

Nucleon-induced fission cross-sections of tantalum and separated tungsten isotopes and "compound nucleus" effect in intermediate energy region

Neutron- and proton-induced fission cross-sections of separated isotopes of tungsten (182W, 183W, 184W, and 186W) and 181Ta relative to 209Bi have been measured in the incident nucleon energy region 50 - 200 MeV using fission chambers based on thin-film breakdown counters (TFBC) using quasi-monoenergetic neutrons from the 7Li(p,n) reaction and at the proton beams of The Svedberg Laboratory (TSL), Uppsala University (Uppsala, Sweden). The results are compared with predictions by the CEM03.01 event generator, as well as with the recent data for nuclei in the lead-bismuth region. The effect of "compound nucleus" in the intermediate energy region is discussed, displaying in exponential dependence of nucleon-induced fission cross-sections on the parameter Z^2/A of the composite system (projectile+target nucleus), and in other characteristics of the fission process for which parameter Z^2/A plays a role similar to the one of the usual liquid-drop parameter Z^2/A of compound nuclei.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, only pdf file, to be published in Proc. Int. Conf. on Nucl. Data for Sci. and Technology (ND2007), Nice, France, April 22-27, 200

Hard X-ray Bursts Recorded by the IBIS Telescope of the INTEGRAL Observatory in 2003-2009

To find X-ray bursts from sources within the field of view of the IBIS/INTEGRAL telescope, we have analysed all the archival data of the telescope available at the time of writing the paper (the observations from January 2003 to April 2009). We have detected 834 hard (15-25 keV) X-ray bursts, 239 of which were simultaneously recorded by the JEM-X/INTEGRAL telescope in the standard X-ray energy range. More than 70% of all bursts (587 events) have been recorded from the well-known X-ray burster GX 354-0. We have found upper limits on the distances to their sources by assuming that the Eddington luminosity limit was reached at the brightness maximum of the brightest bursts.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures, 2 table

Effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the effectiveness of inpatient treatment of tuberculosis in patients with advanced stages of HIV infection

A prospective study of treatment outcomes of tuberculosis in 389 patients with advanced HIV infection with the initiation of HAART during the intensive phase of ТВ chemotherapy. HAART often prescribed ТВ and 4B advanced HIV infection. In the absence of HAART occurred generalization of tuberculosis. Patients receiving HAART were significantly more often dropped out of the hospital with a good result of treatment of tuberculosis and the cessation of bacterial isolation and significantly fewer were dying in hospital or at discharge had an unsatisfactory outcome of tuberculosis treatment. Side effects reported HAART one in ten patients and occurred 6.4 times more frequently than from taking anti-ТВ drugs. Cropped which developed side effects of HAART occurred within 1 to 2 months. Scheme of HAART as a result of established side effects of antiretroviral drugs infectious diseases had to change only in 2.9% of cases. In the treatment of tuberculosis in patients with advanced HIV infection, HAART should be necessary to appoint during the intensive phase of ТВ chemotherapy in association with infectious diseases physician in the first 2 months of monitored possibility of patient adverse reactions.Проведено проспективное исследование результатов лечения туберкулеза у 389 больных с поздними стадиями ВИЧ-инфекции с началом проведения ВАРТ в период интенсивной фазы химиотерапии туберкулеза. ВАРТ чаще назначали туберкулезом и 4В стадией ВИЧ-инфекцией. При отсутствии ВАРТ происходила генерализация туберкулеза. Пациенты, получавшие ВАРТ, достоверно чаще выбывали из стационара с хорошим результатом лечения туберкулеза и прекращением бактериовыделения и достоверно реже умирали в стационаре или имели при выписке неудовлетворительный результат лечения туберкулеза. Побочное действие ВАРТ зарегистрировано у каждого десятого пациента и возникало в 6,4 раза чаще, чем от приема противотуберкулезных препаратов. Купированние развившегося побочного действия ВАРТ происходило в течение 1-2-х месяцев. Схему ВАРТ в результате развившегося побочного действия антиретровирусных препаратов инфекционисту пришлось поменять только в 2,9% случаев. При лечении туберкулеза у больных с поздними стадиями ВИЧ-инфекции ВАРТ необходимо назначать в период проведения интенсивной фазы химиотерапии туберкулеза и совместно с врачом-инфекционистом в первые 2 месяца мониторировать возможность развития у больного побочных реакций