168 research outputs found
Zur Fragestellung des Einsatzes von Schlacken als Versatz im Bergbau
Bergversatz ist die zur PrĂ€vention von BergschĂ€den erforderliche VerfĂŒllung unterirdischer HohlrĂ€ume. Die Verfahrensrichtlinie des BergmĂ€nnischen Verbandes Ăsterreichs (BVĂ) (BergmĂ€nnischer Verband Ăsterreichs, Fachausschuss fĂŒr Untertagebergbau: Verfahrensrichtlinie â Versatzsysteme im untertĂ€gigen Bergbau, 22.05.2013) legt die Anforderungen an die verwendeten Versatzmaterialien fest. Versatzmaterialien aus SekundĂ€rrohstoffen, die aus ressourcenökonomischer Sicht eigens zu diesem Zweck abgebauten PrimĂ€rrohstoffen vorzuziehen sind, sofern keine bergbaueigenen Materialien in ausreichender Menge zur VerfĂŒgung stehen, können diese Anforderungen unter gewissen Voraussetzungen erfĂŒllen. Der Einsatz von SekundĂ€rrohstoffen als Versatzmaterial stellt in diesem Fall eine stoffliche Verwertung im Sinne der Abfallhierarchie (Abfallwirtschaftsgesetz, 2002) dar. Die ZulĂ€ssigkeit dieser Verwertung hĂ€ngt maĂgeblich von der mineralogisch-hydrogeochemischen Beurteilung der Auswirkungen des Einsatzes sekundĂ€rer Versatzmaterialien auf die Umwelt ab. Schlacken der Metallurgie, die aus felsmechanischen GrĂŒnden geeignete Versatzmaterialien darstellen, entsprechen unter gewissen Voraussetzungen auch den umweltgeochemischen Anforderungen. Anhand des Beispiels von Chrom in Stahlwerksschlacken wird gezeigt, welche Aspekte bei der Beurteilung dieser Fragestellung im individuell zu beurteilenden Einzelfall zu prĂŒfen sind
Antiandrogen withdrawal in castrate-refractory prostate cancer
BACKGROUND. Antiandrogen withdrawal is a potential therapeutic maneuver for patients with progressive prostate cancer. This study was designed to examine antiandrogen withdrawal effects within the context of a large multi-institutional prospective trial. METHODS. Eligibility criteria included progressive prostate adenocarcinoma despite combined androgen blockade. Eligible patients received prior initial treatment with an antiandrogen plus orchiectomy or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist. Patients were stratified according to type of antiandrogen, type of progression (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] or radiographic), presence or absence of metastatic disease, and prior LHRH agonist versus surgical castration. RESULTS. A total of 210 eligible and evaluable patients had a median follow-up of 5.0 years; 64% of patients previously received flutamide, 32% bicalutamide, and 3% nilutamide. Of the 210 patients, 21% of patients had confirmed PSA decreases of â„50% (95% CI, 16% to 27%). No radiographic responses were recorded. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3 months (95% CI, 2 months to 4 months); however, 19% had 12-month or greater progression-free intervals. Median overall survival (OS) after antiandrogen withdrawal was 22 months (20 and 40 months for those with and without radiographic evidence of metastatic disease, respectively). Multivariate analyses indicated that longer duration of antiandrogen use, lower PSA at baseline, and PSA-only progression at study entry were associated with both longer PFS and OS. Longer antiandrogen use was the only significant predictor of PSA response. CONCLUSIONS. These data indicate a relatively modest rate of PSA response in patients who were undergoing antiandrogen withdrawal; however, PFS can be relatively prolonged (â„1 year) in approximately 19% of patients. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58635/1/23473_ftp.pd
Chemohormonal Therapy in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: Long-Term Survival Analysis of the Randomized Phase III E3805 CHAARTED Trial
Purpose
Docetaxel added to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) significantly increases the longevity of some patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Herein, we present the outcomes of the CHAARTED (Chemohormonal Therapy Versus Androgen Ablation Randomized Trial for Extensive Disease in Prostate Cancer) trial with more mature follow-up and focus on tumor volume.
Patients and Methods
In this phase III study, 790 patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer were equally randomly assigned to receive either ADT in combination with docetaxel 75 mg/mm2 for up to six cycles or ADT alone. The primary end point of the study was overall survival (OS). Additional analyses of the prospectively defined low- and high-volume disease subgroups were performed. High-volume disease was defined as presence of visceral metastases and/or â„ four bone metastases with at least one outside of the vertebral column and pelvis.
Results
At a median follow-up of 53.7 months, the median OS was 57.6 months for the chemohormonal therapy arm versus 47.2months for ADT alone (hazard ratio [HR], 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.89; P = .0018). For patients with high-volume disease (n = 513), the median OS was 51.2 months with chemohormonal therapy versus 34.4 months with ADT alone (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.79; P \u3c .001). For those with low-volume disease (n = 277), no OS benefit was observed (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.55; P = .86).
Conclusion
The clinical benefit from chemohormonal therapy in prolonging OS was confirmed for patients with high-volume disease; however, for patients with low-volume disease, no OS benefit was discerned
Individual Differences in Response of Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex Predict Daily Social Behavior
The capacity to accurately infer the thoughts and intentions of other people is critical for effective social interaction, and neural activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) has long been linked with the extent to which people engage in mental state attribution. In this study, we combined functional neuroimaging and experience sampling methodologies to test the predictive value of this neural response for daily social behaviors. We found that individuals who displayed greater activity in dmPFC when viewing social scenes spent more time around other people on a daily basis. These findings suggest a specific role for the neural mechanisms that support the capacity to mentalize in guiding individuals toward situations containing valuable social outcomes
Work-Unit Absenteeism: Effects of Satisfaction, Commitment, Labor Market Conditions, and Time
Prior research is limited in explaining absenteeism at the unit level and over time. We developed and tested a model of unit-level absenteeism using five waves of data collected over six years from 115 work units in a large state agency. Unit-level job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and local unemployment were modeled as time-varying predictors of absenteeism. Shared satisfaction and commitment interacted in predicting absenteeism but were not related to the rate of change in absenteeism over time. Unit-level satisfaction and commitment were more strongly related to absenteeism when units were located in areas with plentiful job alternatives
Treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC); Survival by type of progression at initiation of treatment
Nonlinear complexity analysis of brain fMRI signals in schizophrenia
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
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