Association of kidney disease measures with risk of renal function worsening in patients with type 1 diabetes

Background: Albuminuria has been classically considered a marker of kidney damage progression in diabetic patients and it is routinely assessed to monitor kidney function. However, the role of a mild GFR reduction on the development of stage 653 CKD has been less explored in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic role of kidney disease measures, namely albuminuria and reduced GFR, on the development of stage 653 CKD in a large cohort of patients affected by T1DM. Methods: A total of 4284 patients affected by T1DM followed-up at 76 diabetes centers participating to the Italian Association of Clinical Diabetologists (Associazione Medici Diabetologi, AMD) initiative constitutes the study population. Urinary albumin excretion (ACR) and estimated GFR (eGFR) were retrieved and analyzed. The incidence of stage 653 CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) or eGFR reduction > 30% from baseline was evaluated. Results: The mean estimated GFR was 98 \ub1 17 mL/min/1.73m2 and the proportion of patients with albuminuria was 15.3% (n = 654) at baseline. About 8% (n = 337) of patients developed one of the two renal endpoints during the 4-year follow-up period. Age, albuminuria (micro or macro) and baseline eGFR < 90 ml/min/m2 were independent risk factors for stage 653 CKD and renal function worsening. When compared to patients with eGFR > 90 ml/min/1.73m2 and normoalbuminuria, those with albuminuria at baseline had a 1.69 greater risk of reaching stage 3 CKD, while patients with mild eGFR reduction (i.e. eGFR between 90 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) show a 3.81 greater risk that rose to 8.24 for those patients with albuminuria and mild eGFR reduction at baseline. Conclusions: Albuminuria and eGFR reduction represent independent risk factors for incident stage 653 CKD in T1DM patients. The simultaneous occurrence of reduced eGFR and albuminuria have a synergistic effect on renal function worsening

Geschlechterstereotype im Spielwarensortiment : eine kritische Spielwarenanalyse

Die Masterarbeit thematisiert Geschlechterzuschreibungen im Spielwarensortiment. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob Kindern durch das gegenwärtige Spielwarenangebot stereotype Weiblichkeits- und Männlichkeitsbilder vermittelt werden und wenn ja, welche. Materiale Grundlage der Analyse sind aktuelle wissenschaftliche Studien zum Thema geschlechterstereotype Spielwaren sowie Bilder von Spielwarenverpackungen. Die Analyse folgt dem qualitativen Forschungsparadigma. Es werden ausgewählte Bilder von Spielwaren mit Hilfe bildhermeneutischer Methoden (vgl. Rittelmeyer 2001) einer systematischen Bildinterpretation unterzogen. Theoretisch orientiert sich die Masterarbeit an kindheitstheoretischen Konzepten der „New Social Studies of Childhood“ (NSSC), an sozialkonstruktiven Geschlechtstheorien und an erziehungswissenschaftlichen und ethnographischen Theorien des Kinderspielzeuges und des Kinderspiels sowie an wissenschaftlichen Studien (Geschichte der Pädagogik und Geschichtswissenschaften) zur Geschichte des Kinderspielzeuges.not availableeingereicht von Kathrin EisathUniversität Innsbruck, Masterarbeit, 2016(VLID)151446