Predictors for failure of supraglottic superimposed high-frequency jet ventilation during endoscopic upper airway surgery in pediatric patients

Airway surgery in pediatric patients is challenging with regard to balancing surgical exposure with ventilation requirements, as during the procedure the airway must be shared between laryngologist and anesthetist. For endoscopic laryngeal surgery, different methods of ventilation are used, among others jet ventilation via a specifically adapted suspension laryngoscope using a dual jet stream(Supraglottic Superimposed High Frequency Jet ventilation, SSHFJV) (1).High BMI and a history of pulmonary pathology proved to be factors contributing to failing of SSHFJV in adult patients (2). However, factors influencing the failure of SSHFJV in pediatric patients have never been described yet

Bidding for Success? Impacts of the European Capital of Culture Bid

The increasingly multifaceted nature of event impacts makes them even more attractive as a potential solution to a range of urban and regional problems. As a result, competition to stage major cultural and sporting events is intensifying, and the cost of bidding is also rising. Given that such bidding processes only produce one winner, this means that a growing number of disappointed cities have to justify the costs of bidding for major events. In this context, we analyse the bidding process for the European Capital of Culture in the Netherlands (2018) and its impacts on local social structures. In particular the article focuses on the less tangible, non-economic effects of bidding for events, establishing a framework based on network formation, public support for the bidding process and social cohesion. The conclusions point to the key role of sociality and networking for events, which should therefore be developed throughout the bidding process for successful impacts, either the event is won or not

Laser Neural Network

The optical frequency spectrum of a multimode semiconductor laser diode exhibits discrete elements related to the longitudinal modes of the cavity. Such modes can be used as neurons because the optical power contained in each respond non linearly to the degree of optical feedback imposed on it. The output of this Laser Neural Network (LNN) is represented in the optical domain by the longitudinal cavity modes. Inputs to the LNN can be applied by means of adjusting the feedback to each mode. We discuss possibilities to use the LNN in optical telecommunication nodes, in particular to execute crossconnecting functions. I. Introduction Telecommunication networks are already the largest and most complex artificial structure the human race has ever built and have gradually become an essential social and economic infrastructure. The worldwide demand for communication have consistently pushed the transport speed of merely 140 Megabit/s in the early seventies to 10 Gigabit/s today. The growing ..