Endurgjöf í sjúkraþjálfun með sónar og EMG vöðvarafriti

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenUndanfarið hefur áherslan í þjálfun sjúklinga með vandamál frá stoðkerfi verið á samhæfni tauga og vöðva við hreyfistjórn. Markmiðið með slíkri þjálfun er að kenna á ný rétta tímaröð við virkjun dýpri vöðva og grynnri þannig að stöðugleiki liða sé sem bestur við framkvæmd hreyfinga (2). Að nota endurgjöf er hefðbundið í sjúkraþjálfun. Sjónræn endurgjöf („visual biofeedback“) þar sem einstaklingur getur fylgst með sínum athöfnum um leið og hann framkvæmir hefur verið nefnd á enskunni „knowledge of performance“ sem ég leyfi mér að snara hér yfir í vitneskjan um frammistöðu, og er talin besta tegund endurgjafar (11). Önnur tegund endurgjafar hefur verið nefnd „knowledge of result“ eða vitneskjan um árangur og er í raun mæling á árangrinum eftir að hreyfing eða athöfn er framkvæmd. Ég mun gera því skil hér að neðan hvernig hægt er að nota sónar og nýja tegund af sjónrænu EMG vöðvarafriti í endurhæfingu sjuklinga sem þurfa að læra hreyfistjórn í kringum hrygg eða útlimiliði eins og hné og axlir

Fyrirbygging meiðsla í neðri útlimum með styrktarþjálfun og vöðvastjórnun

Efst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinnMarkmið þessarar rannsóknar var að búa til sérstakt styrktarprógram fyrir knattspyrnuiðkendur, sem hefði marga mismunandi þjálfunarþætti setta inn í hverja styrktaræfingu. Til dæmis sprengikraftsæfingar með dýnamískum þáttum, styrktar­ æfingar með dýnamískum þáttum, plýometrískar æfingar sem eru með bæði mikilli og lítilli ákefð og fimisæfingar sem hafa dýnamíska stöðuleikaþætti.The aim of this study was to mix up different exercises to make specialized strength program for football, which has different training factors involved. For instance, explosive power exercises with dynamic balance, strength exercises with dynamic balance, plyometric high and low intensity and agilities with dynamic stabilization

THE GREENLAND LEE-LOW AND A FORECAST ERROR OF THE 8 JANUARY 2005 DENMARK WINDSTORM

Forecasts of the 8 January Denmark Windstorm are compared. In a wrong forecast, the Greenland-lee low is far to shallow, there is less outflow of cold air from west of Greenland and consequently a poor development of the upper trough that fed the windstorm. The analysis of the forecasts and an ETKF analysis support that a correct analysis of the atmosphere in the region between Iceland and Greenland would have been of importance to get a correct forecast of the windstorm over Denmark 3 days later

Home mechanical ventilation in Iceland

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenObjective: To describe the users of home mechanical ventilation treatment in Iceland. Material and methods: Records for all patients in Iceland using noninvasive ventilatory support at home on April 30th 1999 were analysed. Results: A total of 54 patients were using ventilatory support at home. There were 33 males and 21 females. The mean age for the group was 61 years. The mean treatment time was 3.5 years. The majority were using pressure controlled ventilators that were connected to a nose mask or full face mask. The most common reason for treatment was decreased respiratory muscle function. In 11 patients this was secondary to muscle- or neurological diseases, in nine from TBC sequelae and in six post polio or from idiopathic kyphoscoliosis. In addition there were 21 patients that had a combination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and sleep-related breathing disorder. Cheyne-Stoke breathing secondary to congestive heart failure was the reason for home ventilatory treatment in five males and two females. These patients had relatively normal spirometric and bloodgas results, which is in contrast to the rest of the group, where spirometric values were on the average less than 50% of predicted. Arterial blood gases commonly showed hypoxia and 16 of the patients had long-term oxygen therapy (over 16 hrs/day). Conclusions: Home ventilatory treatment has become part of medical treatment in Iceland and benefits patients with decreased ventilatory function, especially during sleep

Long-term effects from bacterial meningitis in childhood and adolescence on postural control

© 2014 The Authors. Published by Public Library of Science. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112016Bacterial meningitis in childhood is associated with cognitive deficiencies, sensorimotor impairments and motor dysfunction later in life. However, the long-term effects on postural control is largely unknown, e.g., whether meningitis subjects as adults fully can utilize visual information and adaptation to enhance stability. Thirty-six subjects (20 women, mean age 19.3 years) treated in childhood or adolescence for bacterial meningitis, and 25 controls (13 women, mean age 25.1 years) performed posturography with eyes open and closed under unperturbed and perturbed standing. The meningitis subjects were screened for subjective vertigo symptoms using a questionnaire, clinically tested with headshake and head thrust test, as well as their hearing was evaluated. Meningitis subjects were significantly more unstable than controls during unperturbed (p≤0.014) and perturbed standing, though while perturbed only with eyes open in anteroposterior direction (p = 0.034) whereas in lateral direction both with eyes open and closed (p<0.001). Meningitis subjects had poorer adaption ability to balance perturbations especially with eyes open, and they frequently reported symptoms of unsteadiness (88% of the subjects) and dizziness (81%), which was found significantly correlated to objectively decreased stability. Out of the 36 subjects only 3 had unilateral hearing impairment. Hence, survivors of childhood bacterial meningitis may suffer long-term disorders affecting postural control, and would greatly benefit if these common late effects became generally known so treatments can be developed and applied.Published onlin

Long-Term Effects from Bacterial Meningitis in Childhood and Adolescence on Postural Control

Bacterial meningitis in childhood is associated with cognitive deficiencies, sensorimotor impairments and motor dysfunction later in life. However, the long-term effects on postural control is largely unknown, e.g., whether meningitis subjects as adults fully can utilize visual information and adaptation to enhance stability. Thirty-six subjects (20 women, mean age 19.3 years) treated in childhood or adolescence for bacterial meningitis, and 25 controls (13 women, mean age 25.1 years) performed posturography with eyes open and closed under unperturbed and perturbed standing. The meningitis subjects were screened for subjective vertigo symptoms using a questionnaire, clinically tested with headshake and head thrust test, as well as their hearing was evaluated. Meningitis subjects were significantly more unstable than controls during unperturbed (p#0.014) and perturbed standing, though while perturbed only with eyes open in anteroposterior direction (p = 0.034) whereas in lateral direction both with eyes open and closed (p,0.001). Meningitis subjects had poorer adaption ability to balance perturbations especially with eyes open, and they frequently reported symptoms of unsteadiness (88% of the subjects) and dizziness (81%), which was found significantly correlated to objectively decreased stability. Out of the 36 subjects only 3 had unilateral hearing impairment. Hence, survivors of childhood bacterial meningitis may suffer long-term disorders affecting postural control, and would greatly benefit if these common late effects became generally known so treatments can be developed and applied

THE GREENLAND LEE-LOW AND A FORECAST ERROR OF THE 8 JANUARY 2005 DENMARK WINDSTORM

Forecasts of the 8 January Denmark Windstorm are compared. In a wrong forecast, the Greenland-lee low is far to shallow, there is less outflow of cold air from west of Greenland and consequently a poor development of the upper trough that fed the windstorm. The analysis of the forecasts and an ETKF analysis support that a correct analysis of the atmosphere in the region between Iceland and Greenland would have been of importance to get a correct forecast of the windstorm over Denmark 3 days later

Decreased postural control in adolescents born with extremely low birth weight

The survival rates of infants born preterm with extremely low birth weight (ELBW ≤ 1000 g) have gradually improved over the last decades. However, these infants risk to sustain long‐term disorders related to poor neurodevelopment. The objective was to determine whether adolescents born with ELBW have decreased postural control and stability adaptation. Twenty‐nine ELBW subjects performed posturography with eyes open and closed under unperturbed and perturbed standing by repeated calf vibration. Their results were compared with twenty‐one age‐ and gender‐matched controls born after full‐term pregnancy. The ELBW group had significantly decreased stability compared with controls in anteroposterior direction, both during the easier quiet stance posturography (p = 0.007) and during balance perturbations (p = 0.007). The ELBW group had similar stability decrease in lateral direction during balance perturbations (p = 0.013). Statistically, the stability decreases were similar with eyes closed and open, but proportionally larger with eyes open in both directions. Both groups manifested significant adaptation (p ≤ 0.023) to the balance perturbations in anteroposterior direction, though this adaptation process could not compensate for the general stability deficits caused by ELBW on postural control. Hence, adolescent survivors of ELBW commonly suffer long‐term deficits in postural control, manifested as use of substantially more recorded energy on performing stability regulating high‐frequency movements and declined stability with closed and open eyes both in anteroposterior and lateral direction. The determined relationship between premature birth and long‐term functional deficits advocates that interventions should be developed to provide preventive care in neonatal care units and later on in life

Metachronous Colorectal Cancer in Icelandic MSH6 and PMS2 Lynch Syndrome Carriers in 1955-2017 : A Population-based Study

Funding Information: Funding The study was partially funded by the Research Fund at Landspitali University Hospital. The funder had no role in the design of the study, collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data or in writing the manuscript.Peer reviewe

Oculomotor Deficits after Chemotherapy in Childhood

Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric malignancies have substantially increased the number of childhood cancer survivors. However, reports suggest that some of the chemotherapy agents used for treatment can cross the blood brain barrier which may lead to a host of neurological symptoms including oculomotor dysfunction. Whether chemotherapy at young age causes oculomotor dysfunction later in life is unknown. Oculomotor performance was assessed with traditional and novel methods in 23 adults (mean age 25.3 years, treatment age 10.2 years) treated with chemotherapy for a solid malignant tumor not affecting the central nervous system. Their results were compared to those from 25 healthy, age-matched controls (mean age 25.1 years). Correlation analysis was performed between the subjective symptoms reported by the chemotherapy treated subjects (CTS) and oculomotor performance. In CTS, the temporal control of the smooth pursuit velocity (velocity accuracy) was markedly poorer (p<0.001) and the saccades had disproportionally shorter amplitude than normal for the associated saccade peak velocity (main sequence) (p = 0.004), whereas smooth pursuit and saccade onset times were shorter (p = 0.004) in CTS compared with controls. The CTS treated before 12 years of age manifested more severe oculomotor deficits. CTS frequently reported subjective symptoms of visual disturbances (70%), unsteadiness, light-headedness and that things around them were spinning or moving (87%). Several subjective symptoms were significantly related to deficits in oculomotor performance. To conclude, chemotherapy in childhood or adolescence can result in severe oculomotor dysfunctions in adulthood. The revealed oculomotor dysfunctions were significantly related to the subjects’ self-perception of visual disturbances, dizziness, light-headedness and sensing unsteadiness. Assessments of oculomotor function may, thus, offer an objective method to track and rate the level of neurological complications following chemotherapy