Global Conservation Priorities for Marine Turtles

Where conservation resources are limited and conservation targets are diverse, robust yet flexible priority-setting frameworks are vital. Priority-setting is especially important for geographically widespread species with distinct populations subject to multiple threats that operate on different spatial and temporal scales. Marine turtles are widely distributed and exhibit intra-specific variations in population sizes and trends, as well as reproduction and morphology. However, current global extinction risk assessment frameworks do not assess conservation status of spatially and biologically distinct marine turtle Regional Management Units (RMUs), and thus do not capture variations in population trends, impacts of threats, or necessary conservation actions across individual populations. To address this issue, we developed a new assessment framework that allowed us to evaluate, compare and organize marine turtle RMUs according to status and threats criteria. Because conservation priorities can vary widely (i.e. from avoiding imminent extinction to maintaining long-term monitoring efforts) we developed a “conservation priorities portfolio” system using categories of paired risk and threats scores for all RMUs (n = 58). We performed these assessments and rankings globally, by species, by ocean basin, and by recognized geopolitical bodies to identify patterns in risk, threats, and data gaps at different scales. This process resulted in characterization of risk and threats to all marine turtle RMUs, including identification of the world's 11 most endangered marine turtle RMUs based on highest risk and threats scores. This system also highlighted important gaps in available information that is crucial for accurate conservation assessments. Overall, this priority-setting framework can provide guidance for research and conservation priorities at multiple relevant scales, and should serve as a model for conservation status assessments and priority-setting for widespread, long-lived taxa

Copernicus Ocean State Report, issue 6

The 6th issue of the Copernicus OSR incorporates a large range of topics for the blue, white and green ocean for all European regional seas, and the global ocean over 1993–2020 with a special focus on 2020

Design, synthesis and characterization of self-assembled molecular architectures based on [1.1.1.1]métacyclophane unit

La conception de réseaux moléculaires métallo-organiques organisés à l'état solide a été envisagée par un processus itératif d'auto-assemblage entre briques moléculaires préprogrammés et complémentaires appelées tectons. Cette complexation itérative, peut, selon la symétrie et propriétés géométriques des différents tectons intervenant lors de l'assemblage, être translatée dans une, deux ou trois direction de l'espace, ou même former des espèces discrètes. Ainsi, l'espèce désirée ayant les propriétés structurales prédéterminées peut être obtenue par un simple mélange des différents composants dans des conditions adéquates. Sur la base d'un squelette organique de type [1.1.1.1]métacyclophane, adoptant une conformation 1,3 alternée bloquée, trois grandes familles de tectons organiques ont été élaborées dans le but de générer, par auto-assemblage avec des sels de métaux de transition, des matériaux cristallins aux propriétés voulues, propriétés qui peuvent être préprogrammées dans la structure des tectons. Les deux premières familles de tectons ont été élaborées dans le but de générer des architectures moléculaires auto-assemblées à grand volume libre, caractéristique utile dans l'application visée : la porosité. La troisième famille a été conçue dans la même optique avec en plus la possibilité de générer des réseaux directionnels et éventuellement des cristaux polaires [etc.]Conception of metallo-organic molecular networks has been considered by an iterative process of self-assembly between programmed molecular building blocks, also called tectons. This iterative recognition can, as a function of the geometric properties of the different tectons, be translated in one, two or three dimensions of space to form networks, or finite supramolecular species. Thus, the desired final self-assembled species resulting from self-assembly process could have predetermined structural and physical properties if the tectons are correctly chosen. On the basis of an organic [1.1.1.1] metacyclophane skeleton type, adopting a 1,3 alternated blocked conformation, three main families of organic tectons have been synthetised to generate, by self-assembly with various metal salts transition, crystalline materials with desired properties. The two first families of tectons were developed to generate self-assembled molecular architectures with large fre volume, useful feature in the target application: the porosity. The third family was designed in the same goal with the additional possibility to generate directionnal networks and eventually polar crystals [etc.

Design, synthesis and characterization of self-assembled molecular architectures based on [1.1.1.1]métacyclophane unit

La conception de réseaux moléculaires métallo-organiques organisés à l'état solide a été envisagée par un processus itératif d'auto-assemblage entre briques moléculaires préprogrammés et complémentaires appelées tectons. Cette complexation itérative, peut, selon la symétrie et propriétés géométriques des différents tectons intervenant lors de l'assemblage, être translatée dans une, deux ou trois direction de l'espace, ou même former des espèces discrètes. Ainsi, l'espèce désirée ayant les propriétés structurales prédéterminées peut être obtenue par un simple mélange des différents composants dans des conditions adéquates. Sur la base d'un squelette organique de type [1.1.1.1]métacyclophane, adoptant une conformation 1,3 alternée bloquée, trois grandes familles de tectons organiques ont été élaborées dans le but de générer, par auto-assemblage avec des sels de métaux de transition, des matériaux cristallins aux propriétés voulues, propriétés qui peuvent être préprogrammées dans la structure des tectons. Les deux premières familles de tectons ont été élaborées dans le but de générer des architectures moléculaires auto-assemblées à grand volume libre, caractéristique utile dans l'application visée : la porosité. La troisième famille a été conçue dans la même optique avec en plus la possibilité de générer des réseaux directionnels et éventuellement des cristaux polaires [etc.]Conception of metallo-organic molecular networks has been considered by an iterative process of self-assembly between programmed molecular building blocks, also called tectons. This iterative recognition can, as a function of the geometric properties of the different tectons, be translated in one, two or three dimensions of space to form networks, or finite supramolecular species. Thus, the desired final self-assembled species resulting from self-assembly process could have predetermined structural and physical properties if the tectons are correctly chosen. On the basis of an organic [1.1.1.1] metacyclophane skeleton type, adopting a 1,3 alternated blocked conformation, three main families of organic tectons have been synthetised to generate, by self-assembly with various metal salts transition, crystalline materials with desired properties. The two first families of tectons were developed to generate self-assembled molecular architectures with large fre volume, useful feature in the target application: the porosity. The third family was designed in the same goal with the additional possibility to generate directionnal networks and eventually polar crystals [etc.

Design, synthesis and characterization of self-assembled molecular architectures based on [1.1.1.1]métacyclophane unit

La conception de réseaux moléculaires métallo-organiques organisés à l'état solide a été envisagée par un processus itératif d'auto-assemblage entre briques moléculaires préprogrammés et complémentaires appelées tectons. Cette complexation itérative, peutConception of metallo-organic molecular networks has been considered by an iterative process of self-assembly between programmed molecular building blocks, also called tectons. This iterative recognition can, as a function of the geometric properties of

Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation with multi-angle light scattering and quasi elastic light scattering for characterization of poly(ethyleneglycol-b-ɛ-caprolactone) block copolymer self-assemblies used as drug carriers for photodynamic therapy

International audienc

Drug Release by Direct Jump from Poly(ethylene-glycol-b-ε-caprolactone) Nano-Vector to Cell Membrane

Drug delivery by nanovectors involves numerous processes, one of the most important being its release from the carrier. This point still remains unclear. The current work focuses on this point using poly(ethyleneglycol-b-ε-caprolactone) micelles containing either pheophorbide-a (Pheo-a) as a fluorescent probe and a phototoxic agent or fluorescent copolymers. This study showed that the cellular uptake and the phototoxicity of loaded Pheo-a are ten times higher than those of the free drug and revealed a very low cellular penetration of the fluorescence-labeled micelles. Neither loaded nor free Pheo-a displayed the same cellular localization as the labeled micelles. These results imply that the drug entered the cells without its carrier and probably without a disruption, as suggested by their stability in cell culture medium. These data allowed us to propose that Pheo-a directly migrates from the micelle to the cell without disruption of the vector. This mechanism will be discussed