25 research outputs found
Aids
International audienc
Immunologic response in treatment-naĂŻve HIV-2-infected patients:the IeDEA West Africa cohort
Introduction: Response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among individuals infected with HIV-2 is poorly described. We compared the immunological response among patients treated with three nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) to boosted protease inhibitor (PI) and unboosted PI-based regimens in West Africa. Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled treatment-naïve HIV-2-infected patients within the International Epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS collaboration in West Africa. We used mixed models to compare the CD4 count response to treatment over 12 months between regimens. Results: Of 422 HIV-2-infected patients, 285 (67.5%) were treated with a boosted PI-based regimen, 104 (24.6%) with an unboosted PI-based regimen and 33 (7.8%) with three NRTIs. Treatment groups were comparable with regard to gender (54.5% female) and median age at ART initiation (45.3 years; interquartile range 38.3 to 51.8). Treatment groups differed by clinical stage (21.2%, 16.8% and 17.3% at CDC Stage C or World Health Organization Stage IV for the triple NRTI, boosted PI and unboosted PI groups, respectively, p=0.02), median length of follow-up (12.9, 17.7 and 44.0 months for the triple NRTI, the boosted PI and the unboosted PI groups, respectively, p<0.001) and baseline median CD4 count (192, 173 and 129 cells/”l in the triple NRTI, the boosted PI and the unboosted PI-based regimen groups, respectively, p=0.003). CD4 count recovery at 12 months was higher for patients treated with boosted PI-based regimens than those treated with three NRTIs or with unboosted PI-based regimens (191 cells/”l, 95% CI 142 to 241; 110 cells/”l, 95% CI 29 to 192; 133 cells/”l, 95% CI 80 to 186, respectively, p=0.004). Conclusions: In this observational study using African data, boosted PI-containing regimens had better immunological response compared to triple NRTI combinations and unboosted PI-based regimens at 12 months. A randomized clinical trial is still required to determine the best initial regimen for treating HIV-2 infected patients
Dissection aortique anevrismale chez un adulte infecte par le VIH-1 dans le cadre d'un syndrome de reconstitution immune avec tuberculose
We here report the case of a 35-year old man with HIV-1 but with no previous medical-surgical history hospitalized in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, due to fever, cough, dyspnea, chest pain and unfolding of the aortic arch observed on chest x-ray a week after having started antiretroviral therapy (ART). CT angiography of the thoracic aorta showed overall, extended aortic ectasia with mural thrombus. Transesophageal echocardiography objectified type A ascending aortic dissection (Stanford classification). The diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed based on Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture isolation. Eight years after, the patient was still alive without surgical treatment and complained of intermittent chest pain. Blood pressure was stable with moderate renal failure. We here report a rare case of aortic aneurism dissection in an adult patient with tuberculosis infected with HIV-1 during immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
EBioMedicine
Background High HIV-1 DNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were associated with a higher risk of severe morbidity and a faster decline in CD4 count in ART-naive patients. We report the association between HIV-1 DNA and mortality in HIV-infected adults in a trial of early ART in West Africa. Methods In the Temprano trial, HIV-infected adults were randomly assigned to start ART immediately or defer ART. After trial termination, HIV-1 DNA was measured in whole blood samples frozen at baseline. We analyzed the association between baseline PBMC HIV-1 DNA and long-term mortality
Int J Infect Dis
The West and Central African region (WCAR) still registers some of the highest rates of new HIV infections worldwide (16%) despite a low prevalence of HIV (1.9%). In this region, only 48% of people living with HIV are aware of their HIV status. To fill this gap, HIV Self testing (HIVST) could potentially be an additional approach to overcome the barriers to diagnose HIV infected patients, therefore being one of the keys to unlock the first 90 as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2016. However, many challenges remain for the adoption of HIVST in routine clinical practice in low prevalence settings and need to be contextualized to WCAR settings. We report in this paper some of the challenges and discuss opportunities for a successful implementation of HIVST in the WCAR
: J Public Health Afr
Little is known on the impact of HIV-2 infection on HCV viral replication. The aim of the study was to compare HCV prevalence and viral replication based on HIV types in West Africa. A cross-sectional survey was conducted within the IeDEA HIV-2 West Africa cohort from March to December 2012. All HIVinfected adult patients who attended participating HIV clinics during the study period were included. Blood samples were collected and re-tested for HIV type discrimination, HCV serology and viral load. A total of 767 patients were enrolled: 186 HIV-1, 431 HIV-2 and 150 HIV-1&2 dually reactive. At time of sampling, 531 (69.2%) were on ART and median CD4+ cell count was 472/mm(3). Thirty (3.9%, 95% CI 2.7-5.5) patients were anti-HCV positive (4.3% in HIV-1, 4.0% in HIV-1&2 dually reactive and 3.7% in HIV-2; p=0.91). Detectable HCV RNA was identified in 21 (70.0%) patients (100% in HIV-1 and HIV- 1&2 dually reactive vs. 43.8% in HIV-2; p=0.003). Systematic screening should be promoted and performed in this population, since HCV is now potentially curable in sub- Saharan Africa
« La saletĂ© nâa quâĂ descendre » : rapport au corps et expĂ©riences vĂ©cues par les travailleuses du sexe en CĂŽte dâIvoire (projets ANRS 12361 PrEP-CI et ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE)
Objectifs Analyser le rapport au corps de travailleuses du sexe (TS) enquĂȘtĂ©es en CĂŽte dâIvoire dans la rĂ©gion de San Pedro. Leurs reprĂ©sentations dâun corps situĂ© Ă la frontiĂšre des sphĂšres intime et professionnelle peut Ă©clairer leurs perceptions et lâacceptabilitĂ© des services de santĂ© qui leur sont proposĂ©s. MatĂ©riels et MĂ©thodes Des entretiens qualitatifs ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s, au sein de lâĂ©tude transversale PrEP-CI et du projet PRINCESSE qui a suivi (cohorte interventionnelle mono-bras avec offre Ă©largie en santĂ© sexuelle et reproductive, dont PrEP), en 3 vagues (2016, 2019, 2021) auprĂšs de 100 TS, complĂ©tĂ©s par des observations de terrain sur sites. RĂ©sultats La notion de circulation des fluides et son importance dans le maintien dâun "Ă©quilibre" Ă©mergent des entretiens. Certaines TS expriment la crainte que les interventions de santĂ©, et en particulier les prises de sang, puissent affaiblir le corps, induire de la "fatigue", notamment si cela nâest pas contrebalancĂ© par lâingestion de substances Ă©nergĂ©tiques, comme des boissons sucrĂ©es. Le nombre Ă©levĂ© de tubes de prĂ©lĂšvements sanguins et lâabsence de collation (jusque mi 2021) sont mentionnĂ©s comme des freins Ă lâengagement dans les soins. La notion de circulation renvoie Ă©galement Ă lâexpulsion de la "saletĂ©", comme sont souvent dĂ©finis le sperme ou les rĂšgles. Lors dâune rupture de prĂ©servatif, il nâest pas rare que les TS se "purgent" en nettoyant leur corps par lâingestion de cola ou des lavements, ce quâelles perçoivent comme plus efficace que la prise de comprimĂ©s (traitement IST ou post-exposition VIH, pilule du lendemain), qui reste exceptionnelle. Les TS sont souvent rĂ©ticentes Ă utiliser les injections ou les implants contraceptifs, car les rĂšgles risquent de "rester" plutĂŽt que de "descendre" et dâĂȘtre Ă©vacuĂ©es. Ă lâinverse, il sâagit parfois de bloquer la circulation des fluides. Les TS interrogĂ©es se "prĂ©servent" en utilisant des prĂ©servatifs avec leurs clients. Les rapports tarifĂ©s sans prĂ©servatif relĂšvent de lâexception, avec des clients rĂ©guliers ou Ă des tarifs bien plus Ă©levĂ©s. Sa non-utilisation avec leur partenaire rĂ©gulier permet de diffĂ©rencier relation personnelle et professionnelle. Par ailleurs, la circulation des menstrues peut ĂȘtre temporairement suspendue, par du coton ou de la glace, le temps du travail. La PrEP, mĂ©dicament que lâon prend sans ĂȘtre malade, apparaĂźt pour certaines comme "fatigante" et "inutile", avec le risque de causer un dĂ©sĂ©quilibre dans un corps bien portant, bien quâelle empĂȘche la maladie de "rentrer dans le corps". Conclusion Ces analyses, qui seront complĂ©tĂ©es dĂ©but 2022 avec une enquĂȘte spĂ©cifique, montrent que les TS ont une approche de leur santĂ© et du soin de soi qui nâest pas forcĂ©ment celle pensĂ©e par lâĂ©quipe du projet. Le rapport au corps des TS Ă©claire les rĂ©ticences quâelles peuvent exprimer quant aux diffĂ©rentes offres de santĂ©, pas toujours perçues comme adaptĂ©es, et explique en partie les freins Ă lâentrĂ©e et au maintien dans les soins, confirmĂ©s par les donnĂ©es quantitatives
Hiv Aids (Auckl)
Background: Reporting mortality and lost to follow-up (LTFU) by age is essential as older HIV-positive patients might be at risk of long-term effects of living with HIV and/or taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). As age effects might not be linear and might impact HIV outcomes in the oldest more severely, people living with HIV (PLHIV) aged 50-59 years and PLHIV aged >60 years were considered separately. Setting: Seventeen adult HIV/AIDS clinics spread over nine countries in West Africa. Methods: Data were collected within the International Epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS West Africa Collaboration. ART-naive PLHIV-1 adults aged >16 years initiating ART and attending >= 2 clinic visits were included (N=73,525). Age was divided into five groups: 16-29/30-39/40-49/50-59/>= 60 years. The age effect on mortality and LTFU was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regressions. Results: At month 36, 5.9% of the patients had died and 47.3% were LTFU. Patients aged >= 60 (N=1,736) and between 50-59 years old (N=6,792) had an increased risk of death in the first 36 months on ART (adjusted hazard ratio=1.66; 95% CI: 1.36-2.03 and adjusted hazard ratio=1.31; 95% CI: 1.15-1.49, respectively; reference: = 60 years old tend to be more often LTFU. Condusion: The oldest PLHIV presented the poorest outcomes, suggesting that the PLHIV aged >50 years old should not be considered as a unique group irrespective of their age. Tailored programs focusing on improving the care services for older PLHIV in Sub-Saharan Africa are clearly needed to improve basic program outcomes
Chimioprophylaxie antituberculeuse primaire Ă l'isoniazide : une stratĂ©gie d'actualitĂ© Ă lâĂšre du tester et traiter ; revue de la littĂ©rature
Position du problĂšme : La tuberculose demeure une menace de santĂ© publique responsable de plus d'un million de dĂ©cĂšs en 2018. La chimioprophylaxie Ă l'isoniazide est une des stratĂ©gies permettant le contrĂŽle de cette maladie. Encore peu prescrite, son intĂ©rĂȘt suscite encore plus de questions Ă lâĂšre du « tester et traiter » concernant les antirĂ©troviraux. L'objectif de cette Ă©tude est donc de rĂ©aliser une revue des essais randomisĂ©s de chimioprophylaxie antituberculeuse primaire Ă l'isoniazide (« thĂ©rapie prĂ©ventive Ă l'isoniazide », TPI), en distinguant les « essais d'efficacitĂ© (EE) » comparant la TPI Ă un placebo ou Ă l'absence de chimioprophylaxie ; et les « essais de rĂ©gime » (ER), comparant la TPI Ă un ou plusieurs autres rĂ©gimes. MĂ©thodes : Recherche bibliographique (mots-clĂ©s sur les bases de donnĂ©es des articles publiĂ©s Medline, Scopus : « tuberculosis », « prophylaxis », « HIV », « randomized controlled trial ») et lecture standardisĂ©e d'articles sĂ©lectionnĂ©s rapportant des rĂ©sultats d'essais randomisĂ©s de TPI chez les personnes infectĂ©es par le VIH. RĂ©sultats : Au total, 18 essais retenus (11 EE et 7 ER), incluant 19 725 participants. Les rĂ©gimes Ă©tudiĂ©s Ă©taient 3H, 6H, 9H, 12H, 36H/2RZ, 3RH, 3RZ, 3RHZ, et 3HP [H : Isoniazide, R : Rifampicine, Z : Pyrazinamide, P : Rifapentine]. Localisation : dix en Afrique, trois Ă HaĂŻti, un en Inde, un aux USA, un aux AmĂ©riques et deux multi continentaux. Dans les EE avec ou sans ARV, la TPI rĂ©duit significativement le risque de tuberculose de 32 % Ă 71 %. Dans les EE avant les ARV, on ne retrouve aucune tendance Ă une rĂ©duction de la mortalitĂ© par la TPI. Dans les EE sous ARV, la TPI rĂ©duit la mortalitĂ©. Dans les ER, on ne trouve aucun argument pour prĂ©fĂ©rer un autre rĂ©gime Ă la TPI. La tolĂ©rance est bonne. La TPI diminue possiblement le risque de sĂ©lection de bacilles multirĂ©sistants, au lieu de l'aggraver, par la baisse du nombre d'Ă©pisodes de tuberculose et donc de l'utilisation des traitements antituberculeux curatifs. Conclusion : Loin d'avoir Ă©tĂ© rendue obsolĂšte par le traitement ARV, la TPI reste une intervention d'actualitĂ©.BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis remains a public health threat responsible as recently as 2018 for more than one million deaths. Chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid is one of the strategies implemented to control the disease. Although it is not yet widely prescribed, its utilization raises additional questions in the "test and treat" era of for anti-retroviral therapy. The objective of this study is to review the different randomized controlled trials of antitubercular Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT). We have distinguished (a) "efficacy trials" (ET) comparing IPT to a placebo or the absence of chemoprophylaxis and (b) "IPT regimen trials" (RT) comparing IPT to one or several other regimens. METHODS: Literature search (keywords from published articles found in the Medline and Scopus data bases: "tuberculosis", "prophylaxis", "HIV", "randomized controlled trial") and standardized reading of selected articles reporting results from randomized trials of IPT in HIV-infected people. RESULTS: Eighteen selected trials (11 ET and 7 RT), including 19,725 participants. The regimens studied were 3H, 6H, 9H, 12H, 12H, 36H/2RZ, 3RH, 3RZ, 3RHZ, and 3HP [H: Isoniazid, R: Rifampicin, Z: Pyrazinamide, P: Rifapentine]. LOCATIONS: Ten in Africa, three in Haiti, one in India, one in the USA, one in the Americas and two multi-continental trials. In ET with or without antiretrovirals (ART), IPT significantly reduces the risk of tuberculosis, by 32 to 71%. In ET prior to ART, IPT does not appear to reduce mortality. In ET in patients receiving ART, on the other hand, IPT reduces mortality. As regards RT, there seems to be no reason to prefer other regimens to IPT. Tolerance is good. Importantly, IPT may reduce (rather than worsen) the risk of multidrug-resistant bacilli selection by decreasing the number of TB episodes and, consequently, the number of curative tuberculosis treatments. CONCLUSION: Far from becoming obsolete due to ARV treatment, IPT has remained a timely and relevant intervention