Tropane alkaloids in food

A large number of wild and cultured plants produce secondary metabolites that are toxic to humans and animals. Through accidental or intentional mixing of these plants with normal food and feed the consumers of these products will be exposed to the toxins. In this report tropane alkaloids will be discussed

Mycotoxins: Risks, regulations and European co-operation

Mycotoxins and mycotoxicises have been problems of the past and the present, but scientific attention for mycotoxins did not start until the early 1960’s. Nowa­days, many mycotoxins are known, and their occurrence in food and animal feed may cause various adverse effects on human and animal health, including carcinogenic, hepatotoxic, immunotoxic, nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, oestrogenic and teratogenic effects. Some important mycotoxins include the aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, the fumonisins and the trichothecenes, and their significance is briefly described. To protect human and animal health, many countries have enacted specific regulations for mycotoxins in food and animal feed. Risk assessment is a major factor for scientific underpinning of regulations, but other factors such as availability of adequate sampling and analysis procedures also play an important a role in the establishment of mycotoxin regulations. In addition, socio-economic factors such as cost-benefit considerations, trade issues and sufficiency of food supply are equally important in the decision-taking process to come to meaningful regulations. Nowadays, more than 100 countries have formal mycotoxin regulations for food and feed. The mycotoxin regulations are the most stringent in the EU, where various organizations and pan-European networks contribute to combat the mycotoxin problem. It is to be expected that mycotoxins will stay with us in the future and climate change might have a negative influence in this respect. Several possibilities exist to mitigate the problems caused by mycotoxins. In particular prevention of mould growth and mycotoxin formation is key to the control of mycotoxins

Some remarks on the spectral functions of the Abelian Higgs Model

We consider the unitary Abelian Higgs model and investigate its spectral functions at one-loop order. This analysis allows to disentangle what is physical and what is not at the level of the elementary particle propagators, in conjunction with the Nielsen identities. We highlight the role of the tadpole graphs and the gauge choices to get sensible results. We also introduce an Abelian Curci-Ferrari action coupled to a scalar field to model a massive photon which, like the non-Abelian Curci-Ferarri model, is left invariant by a modified non-nilpotent BRST symmetry. We clearly illustrate its non-unitary nature directly from the spectral function viewpoint. This provides a functional analogue of the Ojima observation in the canonical formalism: there are ghost states with nonzero norm in the BRST-invariant states of the Curci-Ferrari model.Comment: 32 pages, 12 figure

Trendanalyse dierlijke eiwitten in diervoeder(grondstoffen)

In dit rapport worden, in opdracht van de VWA, historische gegevens gebruikt om inzicht te krijgen in het voorkomen van dierlijke eiwitten (bestanddelen) in diervoeders en diervoedergrondstoffen. Dierlijke eiwitten in diervoeders spelen een belangrijke rol in het verspreiden van BSE (gekke koeien ziekte). Daarom zijn er maatregelen genomen om blootstelling van runderen aan dierlijk eiwit via het diervoeder te voorkomen. Er zijn diverse verboden en regels door de Europese overheid opgelegd en door de Nederlandse overheid (VWA) wordt toezicht gehouden op de naleving van deze regelgevin

Информационное обеспечение в процессно-ориентированной модели управления предприятиями

Приведено описание информационного обеспечения как составной части менеджмента производственного предприятия в его современном, процессном представлении. Информационное обеспечение предприятий связано с качеством функционирования, которое с точки зрения процессно-ориентированных стандартов характеризуется результативностью и эффективностью.It has been accomplished the description of data-ware as a component of manufacturing enterprise management in its modern process presentation. The data-ware of enterprise is connected with quality of functioning, which is defined by effectiveness and efficiency of the according process-oriented standards