Overview of measurement-based positive psychiatry.

BackgroundPsychiatry has traditionally focused on studying psychopathology and treating mental illnesses to relieve symptoms and prevent relapse. Positive psychiatry seeks to expand the scope of psychiatry to broader aspects of mental health and well-being among individuals with or without mental illnesses. Positive psychosocial factors such as well-being, resilience, optimism, wisdom, and social support are central to positive psychiatry.AimTo summarize the emerging science of positive psychiatry, emphasizing the use of measures of positive characteristics and outcomes relevant to mental health.MethodsOverview of recent research in positive psychiatry, focusing on measurements.ResultsPositive psychosocial factors are associated with better mental and physical health in diverse populations. Among individuals with serious mental illnesses, levels of these factors vary considerably, but positive psychiatry interventions can improve well-being and rates of recovery in at least subsets of the patients. A number of measures of positive factors and outcomes are available; most of them are based on self-reports, which have advantages as well as limitations.ConclusionsPositive psychiatry has the potential to improve the health and well-being of individuals with or without mental illnesses. Further research is needed to provide clinicians and investigators with a full tool-box of validated measures for positive psychosocial factors and outcomes. These measures should be subjected to rigorous psychometric evaluation across populations to help clarify mechanisms underlying positive factors, evaluate their longitudinal trajectories, and examine the impact of interventions on health and well-being over the lifespan in different clinical groups

Overview of measurement-based positive psychiatry.

BackgroundPsychiatry has traditionally focused on studying psychopathology and treating mental illnesses to relieve symptoms and prevent relapse. Positive psychiatry seeks to expand the scope of psychiatry to broader aspects of mental health and well-being among individuals with or without mental illnesses. Positive psychosocial factors such as well-being, resilience, optimism, wisdom, and social support are central to positive psychiatry.AimTo summarize the emerging science of positive psychiatry, emphasizing the use of measures of positive characteristics and outcomes relevant to mental health.MethodsOverview of recent research in positive psychiatry, focusing on measurements.ResultsPositive psychosocial factors are associated with better mental and physical health in diverse populations. Among individuals with serious mental illnesses, levels of these factors vary considerably, but positive psychiatry interventions can improve well-being and rates of recovery in at least subsets of the patients. A number of measures of positive factors and outcomes are available; most of them are based on self-reports, which have advantages as well as limitations.ConclusionsPositive psychiatry has the potential to improve the health and well-being of individuals with or without mental illnesses. Further research is needed to provide clinicians and investigators with a full tool-box of validated measures for positive psychosocial factors and outcomes. These measures should be subjected to rigorous psychometric evaluation across populations to help clarify mechanisms underlying positive factors, evaluate their longitudinal trajectories, and examine the impact of interventions on health and well-being over the lifespan in different clinical groups

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KONTEKSTUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS SISWA PADA MATERI PECAHAN SEDERHANA (Penelitian Eksperimen pada Kelas III SDN 2 Karangkendal dan SDN 1 Pegagan Kidul Kecamatan Kapetakan Kabupaten Cirebon)

Melalui pembelajaran matematika siswa diharapkan mempunyai kemampuan berpikir dan berinteraksi untuk dapat memecahkan permasalahan yang dialami siswa dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya. Salah satu masalah yang sering ditemukan siswa sekolah dasar (SD) dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya adalah permasalahan yang berhubungan dengan pecahan. Karena tanpa disadari konsep pecahan sering ditemukan dalam aktivitas manusia, tidak terkecuali siswa SD. Dipilihlah Model pembelajaran kontekstual untuk meningkatkan kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen murni dengan menggunakan desain pretest-posttest control group. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah SD unggul di Kecamatan Kapetakan, sedangkan sampelnya adalah siswa kelas III SD Negeri 2 Karangkendal dan SD Negeri 1 Pegagan Kidul Kecamatan Kapetakan Kabupaten Cirebon. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah soal tes, angket respon siswa, wawancara, dan lembar observasi. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan rata-rata data pretes dan data postes kelompok eksperimen dengan menggunakan uji-u dan menggunaka