Erizaintzako zientzia eta diziplina

140 p.Aurkibidea: I. Unitate tematikoa: Zainketen jatorria: 1. Zainketak, herri primitiboetatik xix. mendera arte: 1.1. Zainketa jardueraren jatorria. 1.2. Zainketen lehenengo urratsak: historiaurrea eta zibilizazio garrantzitsuenetakoak. 1.3. Kristautasunaren eragina erizaintzan. 1.4. Erdi Aroa. 1.5 Errenazimendua, Aro Modernoaren hasiera: iraultza eta erreforma garaia (xv-xix). 1.6. Florence Nightingale. 2. Erizaintzaren eraketan egondako eraginak: xx. mendea Espainian. 3. Erizaintzaren profesionalizazioa. 4. Bibliografia. II. Unitate tematikoa: Erizaintzako Zientzia eta Diziplina: 1. Erizaintzaren pentsabidea eta zainketen praktika: 1.1. Zientzia/Pertsona: kontrakoak edo osagarriak. 1.2. Humanismoa/Zientzia eta erizaintzako zainketak. 2. Erizaintzako metaparadigma: pertsona, ingurua, osasuna, rola: 2.1. Erizaintza zientzia, gaur egun: paradigmen bilakaera. 3. Erizaintzako teorien eta ereduen sailkapena eta garapen laburra. 3.1. Teorien naturaltasuna eta garapena. 3.2. Eredu kontzeptualak eta erizaintzaren teorien arteko erlazioak. 3.3. Erizaintzako eredu kontzeptualen sailkapena. 3.4. Eredu kontzeptualak. 4. Ondorioa. 5. Bibliografia. III. Unitate tematikoa: Erizaintzako Zainketen Aplikazio Praktikoa: 1. NANDA Internationalen historia laburra. 2. NANDA Internationaleko eremuak eta motak. 3. OSAKIDETZAn OSANAIA programarako egindako NANDAren eremuen moldaketa eta irakurketa. 4. Hendersonen ereduan oinarrituta, NANDA Internationaleko eremu bakoitzaren aplikazio praktikoaren proposamena: 4.1. Beharraren kontzeptua. 4.2. Eremuen garapena. 5. Bukatzeko. 6. Bibliografia

Erizaintza-prozesua: Gipuzkoako herrialdean izaniko erabileraren bilakaera

284 p.: il.col.Ameriketako Estatu Batuetan eta Kanadan 1950. urteetan sortu ostean, erizaintza-prozesua, egun, mundu osoko erizaintza-eskoletan, ospitaletan eta zentrotan erabiltzen da. Doktore-tesi honetan erizaintza-prozesuak Gipuzkoako herrialdean zenbaterainoko isla izan duen aztertzen da, hau da, erizaintza-prozesua erabiltzen den ala ez eta, erabiltzekotan, non, noiztik, zergatik, ze zailtasunekin, ze erizaintza-modeloren eraginpean eta ze modutara erabiltzen den

La representación social del narcotraficante en jóvenes sinaloenses

El narcotráfico es una problemática instaurada en México, y gracias a la figura del narcotraficante ha cobrado gran relevancia social. Los objetivos del estudio fueron presentar un esbozo histórico del narcotraficante en épocas diferentes; conocer tanto la representación social que los jóvenes sinaloenses tienen del personaje, así como su valoración sobre él. En el estudio participaron, por partes iguales, hombres y mujeres de la ciudad de Culiacán, Sinaloa. Se aplicó un cuestionario de libre evocación de palabras, con una pregunta inductora, y se usó el software EVOC para tratar los datos, ya que los analiza con base en jerarquías de frecuencias y orden de evocación. Los resultados evidenciaron una valoración divergente del narcotraficante, que fluctúa entre lo positivo y lo negativo, que se aparta de las imágenes y valoraciones negativas difundidas por políticos y medios de comunicación.The problem of drug trafficking is present in México, and thanks to the drug trafficker’s figure, this phenomenon has become very socially relevant. This study’s objectives were to present a historical outline of drug traffickers at different times, and to know their social representation and assessment among Sinaloense youths. In Culiacan, Sinaloa, men and women participated equally in the study. A free evocation of words questionnaire, with an inducing question, was applied, and the EVOC software was used to process the data based on frequency hierarchies and evocation order. Results showed a divergent assessment of drug traffickers, which fluctuates between positive and negative and diverges from the negative images and assessments disseminated by politicians and the media

Implementation of the nursing process in a health area: models and assessment structures used

Objective: to analyze what nursing models and nursing assessment structures have been used in the implementation of the nursing process at the public and private centers in the health area Gipuzkoa (Basque Country). Method: a retrospective study was undertaken, based on the analysis of the nursing records used at the 158 centers studied. Results: the Henderson model, Carpenito's bifocal structure, Gordon's assessment structure and the Resident Assessment Instrument Nursing Home 2.0 have been used as nursing models and assessment structures to implement the nursing process. At some centers, the selected model or assessment structure has varied over time. Conclusion: Henderson's model has been the most used to implement the nursing process. Furthermore, the trend is observed to complement or replace Henderson's model by nursing assessment structures

Resveratrol prevents inflammation-dependent hepatic melanoma metastasis by inhibiting the secretion and effects of interleukin-18

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Implantation and growth of metastatic cancer cells at distant organs is promoted by inflammation-dependent mechanisms. A hepatic melanoma metastasis model where a majority of metastases are generated via interleukin-18-dependent mechanisms was used to test whether anti-inflammatory properties of resveratrol can interfere with mechanisms of metastasis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Two experimental treatment schedules were used: 1) Mice received one daily oral dose of 1 mg/kg resveratrol after cancer cell injection and the metastasis number and volume were determined on day 12. 2) Mice received one daily oral dose of 1 mg/kg resveratrol along the 5 days prior to the injection of cancer cells and both interleukin-18 (IL-18) concentration in the hepatic blood and microvascular retention of luciferase-transfected B16M cells were determined on the 18^thhour. <it>In vitro</it>, primary cultured hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells were treated with B16M-conditioned medium to mimic their <it>in vivo </it>activation by tumor-derived factors and the effect of resveratrol on IL-18 secretion, on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression and on tumor cell adhesion were studied. The effect of resveratrol on melanoma cell activation by IL-18 was also studied.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Resveratrol remarkably inhibited hepatic retention and metastatic growth of melanoma cells by 50% and 75%, respectively. The mechanism involved IL-18 blockade at three levels: First, resveratrol prevented IL-18 augmentation in the blood of melanoma cell-infiltrated livers. Second, resveratrol inhibited IL-18-dependent expression of VCAM-1 by tumor-activated hepatic sinusoidal endothelium, preventing melanoma cell adhesion to the microvasculature. Third, resveratrol inhibited adhesion- and proliferation-stimulating effects of IL-18 on metastatic melanoma cells through hydrogen peroxide-dependent nuclear factor-kappaB translocation blockade on these cells.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results demonstrate multiple sites for therapeutic intervention using resveratrol within the prometastatic microenvironment generated by tumor-induced hepatic IL-18, and suggest a remarkable effect of resveratrol in the prevention of inflammation-dependent melanoma metastasis in the liver.</p

Implementação do processo de enfermagem em uma área da saúde: modelos e estruturas de avaliação utilizados

OBJETIVO: analisar quais modelos de enfermagem e estruturas de avaliação de enfermagem têm sido utilizados na implementação do processo de enfermagem, nos centros públicos e privados da área de saúde de Gipuzkoa (País Basco). MÉTODO: foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, baseado na análise dos registros de enfermagem que utilizaram os 158 centros estudados. RESULTADOS: o modelo de Henderson, a estrutura bifocal de Carpenito, a estrutura de avaliação de Gordon e a estrutura Resident Asessment Instrument Home 2.0 foram os modelos e estruturas de avaliação de enfermagem utilizados na implementação do processo de enfermagem. Em alguns centros, o modelo ou estrutura de avaliação escolhido mudou ao longo do tempo. CONCLUSÃO: foi concluído que o modelo de Henderson foi o mais utilizado na implementação do processo de enfermagem. Além disso, foi observada a tendência de complementar ou substituir o modelo de Henderson com estruturas de avaliação de enfermagem.OBJETIVO: analizar qué modelos de enfermería y estructuras de valoración de enfermería se han utilizado a la hora de implantar el proceso de enfermería en los centros públicos y privados del área de salud de Gipuzkoa (País Vasco). MÉTODO: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, basado en el análisis de los registros de enfermería que han utilizado los 158 centros estudiados. RESULTADOS: el modelo de Henderson, la estructura bifocal de Carpenito, la estructura de valoración de Gordon y la estructura Resident Assessment Instrument Nursing Home 2.0 han sido los modelos y estructuras de valoración de enfermería utilizados a la hora de implantar el proceso de enfermería. En algunos centros el modelo o estructura de valoración elegido ha ido variando con el paso del tiempo. CONCLUSIÓN: se concluye que el modelo de Henderson ha sido el más utilizado a la hora de implantar el proceso de enfermería. Asimismo, se observa la tendencia de complementar o sustituir el modelo de Henderson con estructuras de valoración de enfermería.OBJECTIVE: to analyze what nursing models and nursing assessment structures have been used in the implementation of the nursing process at the public and private centers in the health area Gipuzkoa (Basque Country). METHOD: a retrospective study was undertaken, based on the analysis of the nursing records used at the 158 centers studied. RESULTS: the Henderson model, Carpenito's bifocal structure, Gordon's assessment structure and the Resident Assessment Instrument Nursing Home 2.0 have been used as nursing models and assessment structures to implement the nursing process. At some centers, the selected model or assessment structure has varied over time. CONCLUSION: Henderson's model has been the most used to implement the nursing process. Furthermore, the trend is observed to complement or replace Henderson's model by nursing assessment structures

Hospital Childbirth: Perspectives of Women and Professionals for a Positive Experience - A Qualitative Study

The perception and interpretation of childbirth are changing as values change. This requires women and professionals to adapt to new circumstances. The objective of this study was to analyze the perspectives of women and professionals on hospital birth and to identify improvement areas in order to achieve a positive perinatal experience. A qualitative prospective study with a phenomenological approach was conducted using semi-structured interviews with women, two and eight months after childbirth, participant observation, and professional focus groups. The analysis of the transcribed texts involved a thematic inductive approach. Four improvement areas emerged from the analysis: (a) strengthening communication and the therapeutic relationship; (b) unifying criteria between hospitals and primary care centers to provide coordinated and coherent information; (c) involvement of the partner in the whole process of pregnancy-childbirth-puerperium; (d) improvement of the spaces used in prenatal care and births. The need for a continuity of care from the beginning of pregnancy to the postpartum period is emphasized, which requires an improvement in information, participation, and the promotion of shared decision-making. To this end, coordinated interdisciplinary work, involvement of the partner and the improvement of the spaces used in prenatal care and births are essential

Estudo retrospectivo da implementacao do processo de enfermagem em uma area de saude

OBJETIVOS: analizar cuándo se comienza a utilizar el proceso de enfermería en los centros públicos y privados del área de salud de Gipuzkoa (País Vasco) y cuándo se incorporan a dicho proceso tanto los diagnósticos de enfermería de NANDA-I, como las terminologías NIC-NOC. MÉTODO: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, basado en el análisis de los registros de enfermería que han utilizado los 158 centros estudiados. RESULTADOS: se aportan fechas concretas que muestran que en Gipuzkoa se empieza a utilizar el proceso de enfermería en la década de 1990. En cuanto a los diagnósticos enfermeros de NANDA-I, se utilizan a partir de 1996, y las terminologías NIC-NOC, a partir de 2004. CONCLUSIÓN: se concluye que son los centros públicos los que, de forma generalizada, comenzaron primero con la metodología enfermera, y que en comparación con los Estados Unidos de América y Canadá, en Gipuzkoa el proceso de enfermería se comienza a utilizar alrededor de 20 años más tarde, los diagnósticos de enfermería de NANDA-I, en torno a 15 años más tarde, y las terminologías NIC-NOC, alrededor de 6 años más tarde.OBJETIVOS: analisar os períodos de início da aplicação do processo de enfermagem em centros de saúde públicos e privados de Gipuskoa, País Basco, e da incorporação tanto do diagnóstico de enfermagem da NANDA-I quanto das terminologias Classificação de Intervenções em Enfermagem e Classificação de Resultados em Enfermagem a essa atividade. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo, realizado por meio da análise de registros de enfermagem utilizados nos 158 centros de saúde que compuseram os locais de estudo. RESULTADOS: os dados coletados mostraram que, em Gipuskoa, o processo de enfermagem começou a ser utilizado na década de 1990. O diagnóstico de enfermagem da NANDA-I tem sido usado desde 1996, e as terminologias Classificação de Intervenções em Enfermagem e Classificação de Resultados em Enfermagem têm sido usadas desde 2004. CONCLUSÃO: conclui-se que os centros de saúde públicos são os que, de forma geral, iniciaram primeiramente a metodologia do processo de enfermagem, e que, em comparação com os Estados Unidos da América e o Canadá, a implementação do processo de enfermagem foi iniciada cerca de 20 anos depois, o uso de diagnósticos de enfermagem da NANDA-I cerca de 15 anos depois, e o uso das terminologias Classificação de Intervenção em Enfermagem e Classificação de Resultados em Enfermagem em torno de 6 anos após.OBJECTIVES: to analyze when the nursing process began to be used in the public and private healthcare centers of Gipuzkoa (Basque Country), and when both NANDA-I nursing diagnoses and the NIC-NOC terminologies were incorporated into this process. METHOD: a retrospective study was conducted, based on the analysis of nursing records that were used in the 158 studied centers. RESULTS: the specific data provided showed that in Gipuzkoa, the nursing process began to be used in the 1990s. As for NANDA-I nursing diagnoses, they have been used since 1996, and the NIC-NOC terminologies has been used since 2004. CONCLUSION: it was concluded that public centers are the ones which, generally speaking, first began with the nursing methodology, and that in comparison to the United States and Canada, the nursing process started to be used about 20 years later, NANDA-I nursing diagnoses around 15 years later, and the NIC-NOC terminologies, around six years later

Retrospective study of the implementation of the nursing process in a health area

OBJECTIVES: to analyze when the nursing process began to be used in the public and private healthcare centers of Gipuzkoa (Basque Country), and when both NANDA-I nursing diagnoses and the NIC-NOC terminologies were incorporated into this process. METHOD: a retrospective study was conducted, based on the analysis of nursing records that were used in the 158 studied centers. RESULTS: the specific data provided showed that in Gipuzkoa, the nursing process began to be used in the 1990s. As for NANDA-I nursing diagnoses, they have been used since 1996, and the NIC-NOC terminologies has been used since 2004. CONCLUSION: it was concluded that public centers are the ones which, generally speaking, first began with the nursing methodology, and that in comparison to the United States and Canada, the nursing process started to be used about 20 years later, NANDA-I nursing diagnoses around 15 years later, and the NIC-NOC terminologies, around six years later