Analisa Sistem Perpipaan Pompa Sentrifugal 1500 Gpm pada Mobil Pemadam Kebakaran

Tujuan untuk mengetahui sistem kerja pompa mobil pemadam kebakaran (fire truck), mengetahui sistem perpipaan fluida (air) pada mobil pemadam kebakaran, mengetahui ukuran pipa yang bagus digunakan pada pompa sentrifugal 1500 gpm pada mobil pemadam kebakaran. Dalam penelitian ini akan fokus meneliti perbedaan debit air, kecepatan pompa dan head loss pada pipa dengan ukuran 4in, 5in dan 6in. Sehingga dapat menentukan ukuran pipa terbaik yang digunakan dalam pompa sentrifugal 1500 gpm. Kemudian peneliti melakukan penelitiaannya di PT. Pundarika Atma Semesta yang beralamat Bogor, Jawa Barat. Peneliti menyiapakan bahan dan alat yang diperlukan. Peneliti menggunakan alat tes berupa Flow test. Selanjutnya peneliti melakukan percobaan terhadap 3 ukuran pipa tersebut sehingga memperoleh hasil debit air sebagai berikut 0,065 m³/detik 0,069 m³/detik dan 0,077 m³/detik. Dan kecepatan aliran 8 m/detik, 5,5 m/detik dan 4,22 m/detik. Dan Head Losses 0,051 meter, 0,019 meter dan 0,009 mete

Strategi Kelompok Pantai Lestari Dalam Pengembangan Kegiatan Rehabilitasi Mangrove Di Desa Karangsong Kabupaten Indramayu

Strategi yang tepat sangat dibutuhkan oleh kelompok masyarakat pelestari mangrove dalam mengembangkan kegiatan rehabilitasi mangrove yang mereka kelola. Kurangnya informasi dan kajian ilmiah mengenai kegiatan Perumusan strategi suatu kelompok masyarakat pelestari mangrove dalam mengembangkan kegiatan rehabilitasi mangrove, akan membuat kelompok-kelompok masyarakat pelestari mangrove seperti Kelompok Pantai Lestari menjadi tidak mempunyai acuan yang cukup untuk membuat perencanaan atau strategi yang tepat dalam mengembangkan kegiatan rehabilitasi mangrove yang mereka kelola. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kegiatan pengelolaan mangrove dan mendapatkan strategi yang tepat dalam pengembangan kegiatan rehabilitasi mangrove di Desa Karangsong. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif studi kasus. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi untuk melakukan pengamatan terhadap sumberdaya manusia dan kelembagaan Kelompok Pantai Lestari, keadaan kawasan rehabilitasi mangrove, dan kegiatan pemanfaatan mangrove oleh masyarakat lokal. Selanjutnya dilakukan fokus grup diskusi (FGD) bersama dengan semua anggota Kelompok Pantai Lestari untuk merumuskan strategi pengembangan menggunakan Analisis SWOT. Hasil yang didapatkan, faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kegiatan pengelolaan kawasan rehabilitasi mangrove di Desa Karangsong adalah faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Strategi yang terpilih adalah strategi agresif yang memaksimalkan kekuatan untuk memanfaatkan peluang yang ada. The right strategies are needed by mangroves conservational groups in developing the rehabilitation of mangroves areas they are managed. The lack of information and scientific studies on the strategy formulation by the mangroves conservational groups in developing mangroves areas, will cause the mangroves conservational groups, such as Pantai Lestari Group, do not have enough references to make the appropriate plans or strategies in developing mangroves areas they are managed. The aims of this study were to determine the factors associated with mangroves management activities and found the right strategy for the development of the mangroves area rehabilitation in Desa Karangsong. This study applied the descriptive case study as a method. Data were collected through interviews and observations to observe the human resources and the institution of Pantai Lestari Group, the condition of mangroves rehabilitation area, and the utilization of mangroves by the local communities. Subsequently, a focus group discussion (FGD) was condusted with all members of Pantai Lestari Group in formulatting development strategies using SWOT analysis. As the results, the factors related to the management activities of mangroves rehabilitation areas in Desa Karangsong were internal and external factors. The appropriate strategy of mangroves rehabilitation areas development was aggressive strategy in maximizing the power of advantaging the opportunities

Preoperative dexamethasone reduces postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting following mastectomy for breast cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Dexamethasone has been reported to reduce postoperative symptoms after different surgical procedures. We evaluated the efficacy of preoperative dexamethasone in ameliorating postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and pain after mastectomy.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 70 patients scheduled for mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection were analyzed after randomization to treatment with 8 mg intravenous dexamethasone (<it>n </it>= 35) or placebo (<it>n </it>= 35). All patients underwent standardized procedures for general anesthesia and surgery. Episodes of PONV and pain score were recorded on a visual analogue scale. Analgesic and antiemetic requirements were also recorded.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Demographic and medical variables were similar between groups. The incidence of PONV was lower in the dexamethasone group at the early postoperative evaluation (28.6% <it>vs</it>. 60%; <it>p </it>= 0.02) and at 6 h (17.2% <it>vs</it>. 45.8%; <it>p </it>= 0.03). More patients in the placebo group required additional antiemetic medication (21 <it>vs</it>. 8; <it>p </it>= 0.01). Dexamethasone treatment significantly reduced postoperative pain just after surgery (VAS score, 4.54 ± 1.55 <it>vs</it>. 5.83 ± 2.00; <it>p </it>= 0.004), at 6 h (3.03 ± 1.20 <it>vs</it>. 4.17 ± 1.24; <it>p </it>< 0.0005) and at 12 h (2.09 ± 0.85 <it>vs</it>. 2.54 ± 0.98; <it>p </it>= 0.04). Analgesics were required in more patients of the control group (21 <it>vs</it>. 10; <it>p </it>= 0.008). There were no adverse events, morbidity or mortality.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Preoperative intravenous dexamethasone (8 mg) can significantly reduce the incidence of PONV and pain in patients undergoing mastectomy with axillary dissection for breast cancer.</p> <p>Trial registration number</p> <p>NCT01116713</p

The Na+/Ca2+ exchange inhibitor SEA0400 limits intracellular Ca2+ accumulation and improves recovery of ventricular function when added to cardioplegia.

BACKGROUND: The Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange inhibitor SEA0400 prevents myocardial injury in models of global ischemia and reperfusion. We therefore evaluated its potential as a cardioplegia additive. METHODS: Isolated rat cardiomyocytes were exposed to hypoxia (45 min) followed by reperfusion. During hypoxia, cells were protected using cardioplegia with (n = 25) or without (n = 24) SEA0400 (1 μM), or were not protected with cardioplegia (hypoxic control, n = 8). Intracellular Ca(2+) levels were measured using Ca(2+) sensitive dye (fura-2 AM). Isolated rat hearts were arrested using cardioplegia with (n = 7) or without (n = 6) SEA0400 (1 μM) then reperfused after 45 min of ischemia. Left ventricular (LV) function, troponin release, and mitochondrial morphology were evaluated. RESULTS: Cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia without cardioplegia had poor survival (13%). Survival was significantly improved when cells were protected with cardioplegia containing SEA0400 (68%, p = 0.009); cardioplegia without SEA0400 was associated with intermediate survival (42%). Cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia alone had a rapid increase in intracellular Ca(2+) (305 ± 123 nM after 20 minutes of ischemia). Increases in intracellular Ca(2+) were reduced in cells arrested with cardioplegia without SEA0400; however cardioplegia containing SEA0400 was associated with the lowest intracellular Ca(2+) levels (110 ± 17 vs. 156 ± 42 nM after 45 minutes of ischemia, p = 0.004). Hearts arrested with cardioplegia containing SEA0400 had better recovery of LV work compared to cardioplegia without SEA0400 (23140 ± 2264 vs. 7750 ± 929 mmHg.μl, p = 0.0001). Troponin release during reperfusion was lower (0.6 ± 0.2 vs. 2.4 ± 0.5 ng/mL, p = 0.0026), and there were more intact (41 ± 3 vs. 22 ± 5%, p < 0.005), and fewer disrupted mitochondria (24 ± 2 vs. 33 ± 3%, p < 0.05) in the SEA0400 group. CONCLUSIONS: SEA0400 added to cardioplegia limits accumulation of intracellular Ca(2+) during ischemic arrest in isolated cardiomyocytes and prevents myocardial injury and improves recovery of LV function in isolated hearts

Fish on Prozac: A simple, non-invasive physiology lab investigating the mechanisms of aggressive behavior in Betta splendens

The neuromodulator serotonin is an important regulator of aggressive behavior in vertebrates. Experimentally increasing synaptic levels of serotonin with fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has been shown to reliably decrease the expression of aggressive behavior. Here, we describe a method by which fluoxetine can be noninvasively administered to male Betta splendens (an attractive model for the study of aggressive behavior) and describe a simple laboratory exercise that allows students to experimentally investigate the physiological mechanisms of aggressive behavior. We demonstrate that relatively short-term exposure (3 h) of male bettas to as little as 3 μg/ml of fluoxetine-treated aquarium water is sufficient to reduce the expression of specific aggressive behaviors. We emphasize the physiological concepts that can be addressed with this exercise, including the role of the serotonergic system in regulating aggression, and the interplay of environmental contaminants and physiology in regulating the expression of behavior. We also highlight important aspects of experimental design. This exercise can be flexibly altered to accommodate one or several laboratory periods. It is also low cost, is low impact to the animals, and requires minimal preparation time for instructors

A simple blind test of hypoglycemic effect of phyllanthus niruri (huevito escondido) and its combination with azadirachta indica (nim) in wistar rats.

Objetivo: valorar el efecto ipoglucemiante de un extracto acuoso de la planta entera Phyllantus niruri, hojas de Azadirachta indica y su combinación. Métodos: Se diseñó un ensayo cruzado a ciego simple, preparándose extractos acuosos de hojas de A. indica y planta entera de P. niruri, colocando 70 g en 200 mL de agua a 55-60 °C, conformando tres tratamientos: uno para cada extracto y el tercero la combinación. Como control positivo o de referencia se utilizó el extracto de A. Indica. Se emplearon 18 ratas Wistar a las que se administró el tratamiento vía oral una sola vez, a razón de 5mL/300 g de peso. La glucemia se midió con un glucómetro One Touch Ultra antes y 2h después del tratamiento. Se aplicó la prueba ANOVA a los datos. Resultados: Hubo disminución de la glucemia con los tres tratamientos. No se encontró diferencia entre los tratamientos probados. Conclusiones: el extracto acuoso de la planta entera de Phyllanthus niruri tiene un efecto hipoglucemiante similar al extracto acuoso de hojas de Azadirachta indica. No hubo evidencia de efecto siné[email protected]: to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus niruri whole plant and its combination with one of Azadirachta indica leaves. Methods: A single-blind crossover trial was design. One for each extract and the third corresponding to the combination: aqueous extracts of leaves of Azadirachta indica and whole plant Phyllanthus niruri, placing 70g of the plant material in 200 mL of water at 55-60 ° C, three treatments were prepared. The comparison was performed using the extract of Azadirachta indica as control. Eighteen Wistar rats were used. Treatment was given orally at a dose of 5 mL/300 g. Glucose measurement was made with a glucometer One Touch Ultra before and 2h after administration of the treatment. ANOVA was applied to the data. Results: There was a decrease in blood glucose levels with the three treatments. No difference was found between the tested treatments regarding the hypoglycemic effect. Conclusions: The aqueous extract of the whole plant of Phyllanthus niruri has a similar hypoglycemic effect to aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica leaves. There was no evidence of synergistic effect