6,011 research outputs found
Critical behavior of the three-dimensional bond-diluted Ising spin glass: Finite-size scaling functions and Universality
We study the three-dimensional (3D) bond-diluted Edwards-Anderson (EA) model
with binary interactions at a bond occupation of 45% by Monte Carlo (MC)
simulations. Using an efficient cluster MC algorithm we are able to determine
the universal finite-size scaling (FSS) functions and the critical exponents
with high statistical accuracy. We observe small corrections to scaling for the
measured observables. The critical quantities and the FSS functions indicate
clearly that the bond-diluted model for dilutions above the critical dilution
p*, at which a spin glass (SG) phase appears, lies in the same universality
class as the 3D undiluted EA model with binary interactions. A comparison with
the FSS functions of the 3D site-diluted EA model with Gaussian interactions at
a site occupation of 62.5% gives very strong evidence for the universality of
the SG transition in the 3D EA model.Comment: Revised version. 10 pages, 9 figures, 2 table
Energy-Aware Cloud Management through Progressive SLA Specification
Novel energy-aware cloud management methods dynamically reallocate
computation across geographically distributed data centers to leverage regional
electricity price and temperature differences. As a result, a managed VM may
suffer occasional downtimes. Current cloud providers only offer high
availability VMs, without enough flexibility to apply such energy-aware
management. In this paper we show how to analyse past traces of dynamic cloud
management actions based on electricity prices and temperatures to estimate VM
availability and price values. We propose a novel SLA specification approach
for offering VMs with different availability and price values guaranteed over
multiple SLAs to enable flexible energy-aware cloud management. We determine
the optimal number of such SLAs as well as their availability and price
guaranteed values. We evaluate our approach in a user SLA selection simulation
using Wikipedia and Grid'5000 workloads. The results show higher customer
conversion and 39% average energy savings per VM.Comment: 14 pages, conferenc
Resampling-based confidence regions and multiple tests for a correlated random vector
We derive non-asymptotic confidence regions for the mean of a random vector
whose coordinates have an unknown dependence structure. The random vector is
supposed to be either Gaussian or to have a symmetric bounded distribution, and
we observe i.i.d copies of it. The confidence regions are built using a
data-dependent threshold based on a weighted bootstrap procedure. We consider
two approaches, the first based on a concentration approach and the second on a
direct boostrapped quantile approach. The first one allows to deal with a very
large class of resampling weights while our results for the second are
restricted to Rademacher weights. However, the second method seems more
accurate in practice. Our results are motivated by multiple testing problems,
and we show on simulations that our procedures are better than the Bonferroni
procedure (union bound) as soon as the observed vector has sufficiently
correlated coordinates.Comment: submitted to COL
Gross Job Flows in Ukraine: Size, Ownership and Trade Effects
This paper documents and analyses gross job flows and their determinants in Ukraine using a unique data set of more than 2200 Ukrainian firms operating in both the manufacturing and the non-manufacturing sector for the years 1998-2000. There are several important findings in the paper. Job destruction is dominating job creation in both 1999 and 2000. In connection with other evidence we infer from this that Ukraine is only at the beginning of the restructuring process. The most clear-cut result of our analysis is the strong positive effect of new private firms on net employment growth, a finding established for other transition economies as well. At the same time, we do not find differences in the employment growth of state-owned and privatised firms. Apart from ownership effects we also find, at the firm level, an inverse correlation of size and net employment growth and of size and job reallocation. Finally, we establish that strong foreign trade links force firms to shed labour more aggressively and to engage in more restructuring when trade is directed to and originating from Western economies. This disciplining function is absent when the trade flows are confined to CIS countries.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/39906/3/wp521.pd
Pivotal estimation in high-dimensional regression via linear programming
We propose a new method of estimation in high-dimensional linear regression
model. It allows for very weak distributional assumptions including
heteroscedasticity, and does not require the knowledge of the variance of
random errors. The method is based on linear programming only, so that its
numerical implementation is faster than for previously known techniques using
conic programs, and it allows one to deal with higher dimensional models. We
provide upper bounds for estimation and prediction errors of the proposed
estimator showing that it achieves the same rate as in the more restrictive
situation of fixed design and i.i.d. Gaussian errors with known variance.
Following Gautier and Tsybakov (2011), we obtain the results under weaker
sensitivity assumptions than the restricted eigenvalue or assimilated
conditions
Slip-velocity of large neutrally-buoyant particles in turbulent flows
We discuss possible definitions for a stochastic slip velocity that describes
the relative motion between large particles and a turbulent flow. This
definition is necessary because the slip velocity used in the standard drag
model fails when particle size falls within the inertial subrange of ambient
turbulence. We propose two definitions, selected in part due to their
simplicity: they do not require filtration of the fluid phase velocity field,
nor do they require the construction of conditional averages on particle
locations. A key benefit of this simplicity is that the stochastic slip
velocity proposed here can be calculated equally well for laboratory, field,
and numerical experiments. The stochastic slip velocity allows the definition
of a Reynolds number that should indicate whether large particles in turbulent
flow behave (a) as passive tracers; (b) as a linear filter of the velocity
field; or (c) as a nonlinear filter to the velocity field. We calculate the
value of stochastic slip for ellipsoidal and spherical particles (the size of
the Taylor microscale) measured in laboratory homogeneous isotropic turbulence.
The resulting Reynolds number is significantly higher than 1 for both particle
shapes, and velocity statistics show that particle motion is a complex
non-linear function of the fluid velocity. We further investigate the nonlinear
relationship by comparing the probability distribution of fluctuating
velocities for particle and fluid phases
Cross-correlations in scaling analyses of phase transitions
Thermal or finite-size scaling analyses of importance sampling Monte Carlo
time series in the vicinity of phase transition points often combine different
estimates for the same quantity, such as a critical exponent, with the intent
to reduce statistical fluctuations. We point out that the origin of such
estimates in the same time series results in often pronounced
cross-correlations which are usually ignored even in high-precision studies,
generically leading to significant underestimation of statistical fluctuations.
We suggest to use a simple extension of the conventional analysis taking
correlation effects into account, which leads to improved estimators with often
substantially reduced statistical fluctuations at almost no extra cost in terms
of computation time.Comment: 4 pages, RevTEX4, 3 tables, 1 figur
Why NiAl is an itinerant ferromagnet but NiGa is not
NiAl and NiGa are closely related materials on opposite sides of a
ferromagnetic quantum critical point. The Stoner factor of Ni is virtually the
same in both compounds and the density of states is larger in NiGa. So,
according to the Stoner theory, it should be more magnetic, and, in LDA
calculations, it is. However, experimentally, it is a paramagnet, while
NiAl is an itinerant ferromagnet. We show that the critical spin
fluctuations are stronger than in NiGa, due to a weaker q-dependence of the
susceptibility, and this effect is strong enough to reverse the trend. The
approach combines LDA calculations with the Landau theory and the
fluctuation-dissipation theorem using the same momentum cut-off for both
materials. The calculations provide evidence for strong, beyond LDA, spin
fluctuations associated with the critical point in both materials, but stronger
in NiGa than in NiAl.Comment: replaced (incorrect version submitted
Multicanonical Study of Coarse-Grained Off-Lattice Models for Folding Heteropolymers
We have performed multicanonical simulations of hydrophobic-hydrophilic
heteropolymers with two simple effective, coarse-grained off-lattice models to
study the influence of specific interactions in the models on conformational
transitions of selected sequences with 20 monomers. Another aspect of the
investigation was the comparison with the purely hydrophobic homopolymer and
the study of general conformational properties induced by the "disorder" in the
sequence of a heteropolymer. Furthermore, we applied an optimization algorithm
to sequences with up to 55 monomers and compared the global-energy minimum
found with lowest-energy states identified within the multicanonical
simulation. This was used to find out how reliable the multicanonical method
samples the free-energy landscape, in particular for low temperatures.Comment: 11 pages, RevTeX, 10 Postscript figures, Author Information under
http://www.physik.uni-leipzig.de/index.php?id=2
Research on nonlinear optical materials: an assessment. IV. Photorefractive and liquid crystal materials
This panel considered two separate subject areas: photorefractive materials used for nonlinear optics and liquid crystal materials used in light valves. Two related subjects were not considered due to lack of expertise on the panel: photorefractive materials used in light valves and liquid crystal materials used in nonlinear optics. Although the inclusion of a discussion of light valves by a panel on nonlinear optical materials at first seems odd, it is logical because light valves and photorefractive materials perform common functions
- …