The Efficiency of Laboratory Work in Geography

Great sums of money are expended annually for the upkeep and equipment of laboratories that are used only for teaching, and yet there is little in the way of experimental data to indicate whether the expenditure of time or money is justified

Tracing Prospective Profiles of Juvenile Delinquency and Non-Delinquency: An Optimal Classification Tree Analysis

This study explored multiple variables that influence the development of juvenile delinquency. Two datasets of the National Youth Survey, a longitudinal study of delinquency and drug use among youths from 1976 and 1978, were used: 166 predictors were selected from the 1976 dataset, and later self-reported delinquency was selected from the 1978 dataset. Optimal data analysis was then used to construct a hierarchical classification tree model tracing the causal roots of juvenile delinquency and non-delinquency. Five attributes entered the final model and provided 70.37% overall classification accuracy: prior self-reported delinquency, exposure to peer delinquency, exposure to peer alcohol use, attitudes toward marijuana use, and grade level in school. Prior self-reported delinquency was the strongest predictor of later juvenile delinquency. These results highlight seven distinct profiles of juvenile delinquency and non-delinquency: lay delinquency, unexposed chronic delinquency, exposed chronic delinquency, unexposed non-delinquency, exposed non-delinquency, unexposed reformation, and exposed reformation

Traits associated with internet addiction in young adults: Potential risk factors

AbstractThe present study sought to determine whether certain personality traits associated with problematic substance use may also characterize young adults who report problematic internet use. An index of internet addiction as well as measures of traits previously linked to problematic substance use were administered to a sample of 86 young adults aged 18–30years. Measures included the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and the Fear of Intimacy Scale (FIS). Results indicated that IAT scores were significantly positively correlated with TAS-20, DASS-21, SPSRQ and FIS scores, as predicted. When age, gender and negative mood were controlled in a hierarchical regression, sensitivity to punishment (SP), sensitivity to reward (SR) and FIS significantly contributed to variance in IAT in the final model. SP partially mediated the relationship between TAS-20 and IAT, whereas no such mediation was indicated for SR or FIS. Present findings suggest that alexithymia and reward sensitivity may be important risk factors for internet addiction as for problematic substance use, whereas sensitivity to punishment may account for at least part of the association between alexithymia and problematic use of the internet