Return Postage in Mail Surveys: A Meta Analysis

This paper describes a five-step procedure for meta-analysis. Especially important was the contacting of authors of prior papers. This was done primarily to improve the accuracy of the coding; it also helped to identify unpublished research and to supply missing information. Application of the five-step procedure to the issue of return postage in mail surveys yielded significantly more papers and produced more definitive conclusions than those derived from traditional reviews. This meta-analysis indicated that business reply postage is seldom costeffective because first class postage yields an additional 9% return. Business reply rates were lower than for other first class postage in each of the 20 comparisons.surveys, meta-analysis, return postage

Dante in Relation to the Sports and Pastimes of His Age

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Studies on enzyme action V : Hydrolysis of isomeric glucosides and galactosides by acids and enzymes

As already pointed out, in studying the hydrolysis of sugars under the influence of enzymes, it is difficult to institute just comparisons, as not only, as a rule, is a different enzyme required for each sugar, but we have no means at present of determining the amount of enzyme used; and sooner or later, it will be necessary to accumulate data correlating one or more analytical factors (nitrogen percentage, etc.) with hydrolytic activity. The difficulty spoken of is enhanced by the fact that, usually, several enzymes occur together—so that no ordinary analytical process can suffice for the determination of the amount of a particular enzyme present in a solution.Material perteneciente a la Biblioteca del Departamento de Física de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata digitalizado en SEDICI.Biblioteca del Departamento de Físic

Dying Like Men, Falling Like Princes: Reflections on the War on Terror

The attacks of September 11, 2001 brought home the point that even a mighty nation like ours is vulnerable to injury, and that even a goliath can sometimes be dealt a serious blow by a much smaller opponent. Faced with a world in which individuals can wield incredible destructive power and in which economic weakness can cause an empire to collapse despite its military might, what types of policies and laws should we adopt to confront these realities? In particular, what types of laws and policies should we adopt to deal with the threat of terrorism? This article proceeds on the premises that we should adopt laws and policies that reduce rather than exacerbate the threat of terrorism and that we should avoid profligate spending policies that dissipate our nation\u27s economic strength. Part II considers the attacks of September 11, 2001 and the government\u27s response thereto. Part III introduces various legal definitions of terrorism. Particular consideration is given to the definitions provided in the Arkansas Anti-Terrorism Act of 2003 (the Anti-Terrorism Act ) and the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act (the PATRIOT Act). Part IV criticizes certain aspects of these definitions. Part V provides a summary outline with editorial comment of some of the dramatic changes in law and policy that have been made at the national level in response to the threat of terrorism. Part VI examines the nature of the problem and proposes alternative approaches for addressing the threat of terrorism. Part VII concludes the article

Studies on enzyme action III : The influence of the products of change on the rate of change conditioned by sucroclastic enzymes

In the previous paper, it has been shown that, in order to explain the action of sucroclastic enzymes, it is necessary to assume not only that the enzyme combines with the hydrolyte but that it is also more or less affected by— and presumably combines with— the product of change. At present there is but little information available bearing on this latter contention. The experiments to be described have been made with the object of ascertaining by direct observation whether and to what extent the action of a given enzyme is affected by one or more of the products formed under its influence.Material perteneciente a la Biblioteca del Departamento de Física de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata digitalizado en SEDICI.Biblioteca del Departamento de Físic

Studies on enzyme action I : The correlation of the stereoisomeric α- and β-glucosides with the corresponding glucoses

Of the explanations put forward of the change in rotatory power which glucose undergoes in solution— a phenomenon discovered by Dubrunfaut in 1846— the most probable is that suggested by Lowry (Trans., 1899, 75, 213), which connects the change of rotatory power of glucose with a reversible isomeric change. When this explanation was first given, it was not possible to decide definitely what formulae were to be assigned to the dynamic isomerides. In view, however, of observations made during the investigation of various glucoside derivatives (Fischer and Armstrong, Ber., 1901, 34, 2885; 1902, 35, 833, 3144 and 3153), in the course of which the existence of two un­ doubtedly stereoisomerie series of glucose derivatives was discovered and their relationship to the α- and β-methylglucosides established, it now seems probable that a lactonic structure may be assigned to the isomeric glucoses: these isomerides are, in fact, the two possible stereoisomeric lactones.Material perteneciente a la Biblioteca del Departamento de Física de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata digitalizado en SEDICI.Biblioteca del Departamento de Físic

Specific medicine ball training for the soccer goalkeeper

Medicine balls have traditionally been used to develop upper body strength through catching and throwing exercises. Medicine ball training is also designed to enhance power, strength, flexibility and agility. In addition, they are used for abdominal strength gains and rehabilitation exercises for various injuries to the upper torso