Performance and isotopic composition of 13C and 15N in muscle tissue of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with different protein

Fontes alternativas de alimentos vem sendo estudadas em substituição à farinha de peixe na aquicultura, podendo acarretar diferença na incorporação de carbono e nitrogênio decorrentes da disponibilidade e do valor nutricional da fonte. Três experimentos tiveram o objetivo de quantificar a participação das diferentes fontes protéicas nos tecidos de juvenis e pós-larvas através da composição isotópica de C e N e sua influência no crescimento. Além disso, a digestibilidade aparente das dietas contendo mistura de plantas C3 e C4 foi estudada usando o 13C nas fezes como traçador. As dietas consistiram de quatro ingredientes protéicos. Farelo de soja FS, farelo de coco FC, farinha de vísceras de aves FVA e farinha de peixe FP que compuseram cinco combinações diferentes: FS100; FS60FC40; FS60FVA40; FS60FP40; FS19F10FP10FVA11. No primeiro experimento duzentos juvenis de tilápia com peso médio de 3,4 ± 0,20 g foram distribuídos em 20 gaiolas flutuantes e após serem alimentados com as dietas experimentais, foram coletados amostras aos 0, 22, 44, 66 e 88 dias para estimar a contribuição de C e N das dietas no tecido. Foi observada diferença significativa (P0,05). Juvenis e pós-larvas atingiram o equilíbrio isotópico de 13C e 15N com suas respectivas dietas, permitindo assim que estes sejam usados para estimar a quantificação de nitrogênio e carbono, com excessão para a dieta FS60FC40. Em ambos os experimentos, houve aumento percentual de ganho de peso em juvenis e pós-larvas, sendo observada maior porcentagem de nitrogênio no músculo e carcaça total pelas dietas com farinha de peixe FS60FP40 e farinha de vísceras de aves FS60FVA40. Posteriormente, para o experimento de digestibilidade, 2500 juvenis com peso médio de 5,0 ± 1,0 g foram utilizados para determinação do coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente CDA,% de componentes de origem C3 e C4 contidos nas dietas experimentais. Os valores de CDA apresentaram valores inferiores para os componentes de origem C3 em relação aos de origem C4. A avaliação dos isótopos estáveis do C e do N nas dietas permitiu estimatimar a contribuição entre as diferentes fontes, o que sugeriu que a ingestão de nutrientes está relacionados com a qualidade da dieta. Verificou-se que fontes de proteína, quando combinadas, podem apresentar resultados superiores do que quando usada sozinha na composição.Alternative sources of food have been studied in substitution for fishmeal in aquaculture, and it may result in a difference in incorporation of carbon and nitrogen, depending on the nutritional value and availability of the source. Two experiments were designed to quantify the participation of different protein sources in the muscle tissue in juvenile and post larvae through isotopic composition and its influence on growth and body composition. In addition, the apparent digestibility of feedingstuffs containing mixture of C3 and C4 plants has been studied using 13C as tracer. The experiments were conducted in a random design with five treatments and four repetitions. Diets consisted of by four sources of protein ingredients. soybean meal SBM, coconut meal CM, poultry product meal PPM, meal and fish meal FM, composed five different combinations of diets: SBM100 SBM60CM40 SBM60PPM40 SBM60FM40 SBM19CM10FM10PPM11. In the first experiment, it used 200 juveniles with an average weight of 3.4 ± 0.20 g, distributed in 20 vinyl cages. Fish collections were held after being fed the experimental diets for 0, 22, 28, 38, 44, 66 and 88 days. In this assay, it was observed significant difference (P<0.05) for final weight, weight gain, feed conversion, fillet yield, protein efficiency ratio and condition factorHowever, there was no difference between food consumption, weight and content of the fillet profile. For the experiment two, 300 post-larvae, 20 days old and with average weight starting at 0.07 ± 0.020g, were randomly distributed in the five treatments, making each experimental unit with twenty animals. Six fish collections were held at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 days. This assay also showed significant difference (P<0.05) for final weight, weight gain, food intake, feed conversion and protein efficiency ratio. It was observed that juvenile and post larvae did reach the isotopic equilibrium of 13C and 15N with their own diets, thus allowing it to be used for estimating the quantification of nitrogen and carbon incorporated into fish tissue, with exception for the SBM60CM40 diet. The higher percentage of nitrogen in the muscle and carcass were obtained by total diets with fish meal SBM60FM40 and poultry product meal SBM60PPM40To test the digestibility of the diets, 2,500 juvenile with average weight 5.0 ± 1.0 g were used for determination of apparent digestibility coefficient ADC, % of source components C3 and C4 contained in the experimental diets. The values of CDA constituents of experimental diets of fingerling showed lower values for source components C3 in respect of C4 origin. The evaluation of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen contained in protein ingredients permitted the estimation of contributions among the different sources, which suggests that the intakes of nutrients are related to the higher quality of the diet. It was noted that protein sources when combined can present superior results when used alone in the composition. The contribution of different protein sources in feed of Nile Tilapia, through the natural variation of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen, proved promising

Resíduo do processamento do extrato de própolis vermelha em ração comercial para alevinos de Tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)

The aim was to evaluate the addition of different levels the residue of the alcoholic extract of redpropolis as an additive in diets for Nile tilapia fingerlings. We used 80 fingerlings of tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) masculinized with initial weight of 0.11 ± 0.03 g, distributed in 20 aquariums of 15L of water ina completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications in a recirculation systemwater with constant aeration. The diets were prepared with commercial ration mashed with theaddition of (0, 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50%) of residue. The variables studied were: ultimate weight (UW),Weight gain (WG), Whole-length (WL), Standard length (SL), Length of head (LH), Index profile (IP),Index head (IH), Condition factor (CF), Width and Height. There was no positive effect (P<0.05) ofthe use of red propolis residue on the productive performance of animals.Objetivou-se avaliar a adição de diferentes níveis do resíduo de própolis vermelha numa raçãocomercial sobre o desempenho de alevinos de tilápia do Nilo. Foram utilizados 80 alevinos de tilápiado Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), masculinizados, com peso médio inicial de 0,11 ±0,03g, distribuídosem 20 aquários com 15L de água, num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatrotratamentos e cinco repetições, em um sistema de recirculação de água com aeração constante.As dietas foram elaboradas com rações comerciais fareladas com a adição de (0; 0,50; 1,0 e 1,5%)de resíduo de própolis vermelha. Os alevinos foram alimentados quatro vezes ao dia, às 08:00; 11:30;13:30; 15:30h. As variáveis estudadas foram: Peso final (PF), Ganho de peso (GP), Comprimento total(CTOTAL), Comprimento padrão (CPADRÃO), Comprimento de cabeça (CCAB), Índice de perfil(IPERFIL), Índice de cabeça (ICAB), fator de condição (FC), largura e altura. Não houve efeitopositivo (P<0,05) do uso resíduo da própolis vermelha sobre o desempenho produtivo dos animais. Residue of the process red propolis extract in commercial ration on performance ofNile tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis niloticus)AbstractThe aim was to evaluate the addition of different levels the residue of the alcoholic extract of redpropolis as an additive in diets for Nile tilapia fingerlings. We used 80 fingerlings of tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) masculinized with initial weight of 0.11 ± 0.03 g, distributed in 20 aquariums of 15L of water ina completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications in a recirculation systemwater with constant aeration. The diets were prepared with commercial ration mashed with theaddition of (0, 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50%) of residue. The variables studied were: ultimate weight (UW),Weight gain (WG), Whole-length (WL), Standard length (SL), Length of head (LH), Index profile (IP),Index head (IH), Condition factor (CF), Width and Height. There was no positive effect (P<0.05) ofthe use of red propolis residue on the productive performance of animals

Níveis de farinha de peixe em rações para juvenis de tilápia Levels of fish meal in diets for Nile tilapia juveniles

Avaliou-se a influência do uso na ração de farinha de peixe suplementada com aminoácidos sobre o desempenho, as características de carcaça e a análise hematológica de juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo. Utilizaram-se 140 juvenis com peso médio de 14,0 ± 0,14 g, distribuídos aleatoriamente em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco níveis de farinha de peixe (0; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5 e 6,0%) na ração, cada um com quatro repetições. As rações foram isoenergéticas (3.000 kcal de energia digestível) e isocálcicas, e os peixes foram alimentados três vezes ao dia, até saciedade aparente, durante 60 dias. Foram avaliados o ganho de peso, o consumo de ração, a conversão alimentar aparente, a taxa de eficiência protéica, o índice hepatossomático, o peso da carcaça, o rendimento de carcaça, a retenção de nitrogênio e as taxas de hematócrito e hemoglobina. Os níveis de farinha de peixe não influenciaram o ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar, o consumo de ração, o índice hepatossomático, o rendimento de carcaça, o peso da carcaça e a taxa de hemoglobina, mas tiveram efeito quadrático sobre a retenção de nitrogênio, o teor de umidade e de gordura na carcaça e a taxa de hematócrito. Quanto maiores os níveis de farinha de peixe, menor a taxa de eficiência proteica e mais altos os teores de proteína e cinzas na carcaça. O nível de 3% de farinha de peixe não afeta o desempenho nem as características de carcaça de juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo.<br>This study was conducted to evaluate, in the ration, the use of fish meal supplement with amino acids on performance, carcass characteristics, and on hematological analysis in Nile tilapia juvenils. It was used 140 juveniles with an average weight of 14.0 ± 0.14 g, randomly distributed in a complete random design with five levels of fish meal (0; 1.5; 3.0; 4.5; and 6.0%) in the ration, each one with four replicates. The rations were isoenergetic (3,000 kcal of digestible energy) and isocalcium and fish were fed three times a day until apparent satiety for 60 days. It was evaluated the weight gain, feed intake, apparent feed conversion, protein efficiency rate, hepatosomatic index, carcass weight, carcass yield, nitrogen retention, and hematocrit and hemoglobin rates. The levels of fish meal did not change the weight gain, food conversion, ration intake, hepatosomatic level, carcass yield, carcass weight and hemoglobin rate, but they had a quadratic effect on nitrogen retention, humidity, and fat content on the carcass, and on the hematocrit rate. The higher the levels of fish meal, the lowest the protein efficiency rate and the higher the protein and ash levels in the carcass. The 3% level of fish meal does not affect performance neither carcass characteristics of Nile tilapia juveniles