Preparação e Caracterização de Blendas Híbridas de Poliacrilonitrila e Quitosana

In this work we report O estudo da interação de íons Fe(II) com a polianilina foi feito através da obtenção deste polímero na forma de salthe studies on polymer blend using the polymers polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and chitosan (CHI) in two compositions weight 56% PAN with 44% of CHI and 88% de PAN with 12% of CHI. We used the techniques of infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (MEV) for characterizationaplicação de pressão. The results showed that the polymer blend obtained is stable and effective interaction between PAN and CHI was observed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v7i4.77

Effects of pre-oxidation with ozone and ozone associated to hydrogen peroxide in removing atrazine in slow sand filtration and granular activated carbon filtration

O interesse na remoção de material orgânico no tratamento de águas de abastecimento surgiu em decorrência do aumento na poluição dos mananciais, da descoberta de novas doenças de veiculação hídrica e do melhor conhecimento das propriedades mutagênicas e carcinogênicas de poluentes orgânicos, entre eles os agroquímicos. Na presente pesquisa foi estudada a seqüência de processos de tratamento: pré-filtração; pré-oxidação com ozônio e ozônio associado ao peróxido de hidrogênio e filtração lenta com leito de areia e leito de carvão ativado granular. Para concentração de atrazina no afluente entre 2,2 e 110,3 µg/L o filtro lento de areia com camada intermediária de carvão ativado granular apresentou para a condição de não utilização de pré-oxidação valores para atrazina no efluente inferiores a 2,0 µg/L e para dose de ozônio entre 0,9 e 3,7 mg/L e para relação de peróxido de hidrogênio entre 0,1 e 1,1 valores para atrazina inferiores a 0,1 µg/L. O sistema de tratamento com pré-filtração, pré-oxidação com ozônio e ozônio associado ao peróxido de hidrogênio seguido da filtração lenta com camada intermediária de carvão ativado granular, mostrou-se eficiente na remoção de atrazina para concentrações inferiores a 0,1 µg/L.The interest in removing organic matter in supplying waters treatment processes emerged from the increasing levels of water pollution worldwide, the discovery of new water-born diseases and of a better knowledge of mutating (mutagenic) and carcinogenic features of organic pollutants, including the pesticides. The two sequential arrangements for the water treatment process considered in this research were: 1) pre-filtration, slow sand filtration and granular activated carbon filtration; and 2) pre-filtration, pre-oxidation with ozone and ozone associated to hydrogen peroxide, slow sand filtration and granular activated carbon filtration. For concentrations of atrazine between 2.2 and 110.3 µg/L in the affluent, its concentration in the effluent was lower than 2.0 µg/L for the first arrangement, and lower than 01 µg/L for the second one, in this case for consumed doses of ozone between 0.9 and 3.7 mg/L and ratio H2O2/O3 between 0.1 and 1.1. The treatment system used composed of pre-filtration, pre-oxidation with ozone and ozone associated to hydrogen peroxide followed by the slow filtration, with an intermediate layer of granular activated carbon, was found efficient in reducing atrazine to levels inferior to 0.1 µg/L

Effects of pre-oxidation with ozone and ozone associated to hydrogen peroxide in removing atrazine in slow sand filtration and granular activated carbon filtration

O interesse na remoção de material orgânico no tratamento de águas de abastecimento surgiu em decorrência do aumento na poluição dos mananciais, da descoberta de novas doenças de veiculação hídrica e do melhor conhecimento das propriedades mutagênicas e carcinogênicas de poluentes orgânicos, entre eles os agroquímicos. Na presente pesquisa foi estudada a seqüência de processos de tratamento: pré-filtração; pré-oxidação com ozônio e ozônio associado ao peróxido de hidrogênio e filtração lenta com leito de areia e leito de carvão ativado granular. Para concentração de atrazina no afluente entre 2,2 e 110,3 µg/L o filtro lento de areia com camada intermediária de carvão ativado granular apresentou para a condição de não utilização de pré-oxidação valores para atrazina no efluente inferiores a 2,0 µg/L e para dose de ozônio entre 0,9 e 3,7 mg/L e para relação de peróxido de hidrogênio entre 0,1 e 1,1 valores para atrazina inferiores a 0,1 µg/L. O sistema de tratamento com pré-filtração, pré-oxidação com ozônio e ozônio associado ao peróxido de hidrogênio seguido da filtração lenta com camada intermediária de carvão ativado granular, mostrou-se eficiente na remoção de atrazina para concentrações inferiores a 0,1 µg/L.The interest in removing organic matter in supplying waters treatment processes emerged from the increasing levels of water pollution worldwide, the discovery of new water-born diseases and of a better knowledge of mutating (mutagenic) and carcinogenic features of organic pollutants, including the pesticides. The two sequential arrangements for the water treatment process considered in this research were: 1) pre-filtration, slow sand filtration and granular activated carbon filtration; and 2) pre-filtration, pre-oxidation with ozone and ozone associated to hydrogen peroxide, slow sand filtration and granular activated carbon filtration. For concentrations of atrazine between 2.2 and 110.3 µg/L in the affluent, its concentration in the effluent was lower than 2.0 µg/L for the first arrangement, and lower than 01 µg/L for the second one, in this case for consumed doses of ozone between 0.9 and 3.7 mg/L and ratio H2O2/O3 between 0.1 and 1.1. The treatment system used composed of pre-filtration, pre-oxidation with ozone and ozone associated to hydrogen peroxide followed by the slow filtration, with an intermediate layer of granular activated carbon, was found efficient in reducing atrazine to levels inferior to 0.1 µg/L

The presence and the removal of atrazine, deethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine and deethylhidroxiatrazine in a pilot plant consisted of ozonation and slow sand filtration

<p></p><p>ABSTRACT Pesticides suffer biotic and abiotic transformations when used in the environment, generating byproducts with toxicity greater than or similar to the original pesticide. In this study the dynamics of the presence of atrazine and its degradation products and chlorinated deisopropylatrazine and deethylhidroxiatrazine oxidation with ozone, in the slow filtration and the association of the two processes in pilot plant were investigated. Ozone dose of 0.9, 1.6 and 2.8 mg.L- 1 were studied for atrazine in the influent concentration ranging 30 a 79 µg.L-1. For ozone dose of 2.8 mg.L-1 atrazine concentration was less than 2 µg.L-1; however, formation of byproducts occurred at a concentration greater than 3 µg.L-1. In slow sand filtration only, there was no reduction in the concentration of atrazine. When preceded by ozonation, dose of 1.6 mg.L-1, the concentration of atrazine was less than 2 µg.L-1 and met the maximum value allowed by the Portaria 2,914/2011; however, the concentration of byproducts was over 18 µg.L-1. For ozone dose of 2.8 mg.L-1, atrazine value in the filtered effluent was less than 0.1 µg.L-1, but the sum of chlorinated byproducts was equal to 3.7 µg.L-1. The assessment of the removal of atrazine in processes using ozonation should always be associated with the monitoring of chlorinated byproducts, especially deethylatrazine considering that: there is formation of those in higher concentration of atrazine producing water supply with a high health risk and those not included in Portaria MS 2,914/2011.</p><p></p