QUILOMBOS PAULISTAS: A política pública de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (ATER) em sua interface com as comunidades tradicionais frente ao projeto de lei estadual nº 529 de 2020

The remaining quilombo communities at the São Paulo State in Brazil are in serious risk of negative changes in the provision of official rural extension services with the advent of state Bill nº 529/2020. The objective of this research is to evaluate how the traditional remaining quilombo communities located at São Paulo State can be directly affected negatively by the law proposal. For this, a scientific methodology was adopted, which is summarized in the review bibliographic and descriptive and exploratory documentary. As a result, no fact or argument has been found that legitimizes Bill nº 529 of 2020 from the perspective of traditional communities and other beneficiaries of the São Paulo ATER public policy.Las comunidades de quilombos restantes en el estado de São Paulo corren un grave riesgo de cambios negativos en la prestación de servicios oficiales de extensión rural con la llegada del proyecto de ley 529/2020. El objetivo de esta investigación es buscar cómo las comunidades tradicionales de quilombo restantes ubicadas en el estado de São Paulo pueden ser perjudicadas directamente con la PL 529 de 2020. Para ello, se adoptó una metodología científica, que resume la revisión bibliográfica y documental. Carácter descriptivo y exploratorio. A consecuencia, no se ha encontrado ningún hecho o argumento que legitime el Proyecto de Ley n° 529 de 2020 desde la perspectiva de las comunidades tradicionales y otros beneficiarios de la política pública ATER de São Paulo.Les communautés quilombo restantes dans l'État de São Paulo sont sérieusement exposées à des changements négatifs dans la fourniture des services officiels de vulgarisation rurale avec l'avènement du projet de loi 529/2020. Ainsi, l'objectif de ce travail est de chercher comment les communautés traditionnelles quilombo restantes situées dans l'État de São Paulo peuvent être directement lésées par la PL 529 de 2020. À cette fin, une méthodologie scientifique a été adoptée, qui résume la revue bibliographique et documentaire descriptif et exploratoire. En conséquence, aucun fait ou argument n'a été trouvé pour légitimer le projet de loi n ° 529 de 2020 du point de vue des communautés traditionnelles et d'autres bénéficiaires de la politique publique ATER de São Paulo.As comunidades remanescentes de quilombo no Estado de São Paulo correm severo risco de alterações negativas na prestação de serviços de extensão rural oficial com o advento do Projeto de Lei (PL) nº 529/2020. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é buscar como as comunidades tradicionais remanescentes de quilombos localizadas no estado de São Paulo podem ser diretamente prejudicadas com o PL 529 de 2020. Para tanto, foi adotada metodologia de caráter científico, o qual se resume a revisão bibliográfica e documental de caráter descritivo e exploratório. Como resultado, nenhum fato ou argumento foi encontrado para legitimar o Projeto de Lei nº 529 de 2020 dentro da perspectiva das comunidades tradicionais e demais beneficiários da política pública de ATER paulista

Use of FTIR in the obtention of resins and peptides synthesis in solid phase

Despite the increase in peptide chain aggregation, which decreases the rate of coupling reactions, the synthesis and use of very highly substituted resins still remains as a controversial point in the SPPS, due to its clear economical advantages (lesser solvent consumption and higher amount of peptide per synthesis). In order to better investigate the synthesis and the use of very highly substituted resins, the FTIR, NMR and EPR were compared. By FTIR techniques it was possible to follow all the steps of resin synthesis and the factors affecting the aggregation of the chains inside the peptidil-BHAR and MBHAR.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Química Departamento de Bioquímica e Tecnologia QuímicaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de BiofísicaUNIFESP, Depto. de BiofísicaSciEL

QUILOMBOS PAULISTAS: The public policy of technical assistance and rural extension (ATER) in its interface with traditional communities in the face of São Paulo State bill nº 529 of 2020

The remaining quilombo communities at the São Paulo State in Brazil are in serious risk of negative changes in the provision of official rural extension services with the advent of state Bill nº 529/2020. The objective of this research is to evaluate how the traditional remaining quilombo communities located at São Paulo State can be directly affected negatively by the law proposal. For this, a scientific methodology was adopted, which is summarized in the review bibliographic and descriptive and exploratory documentary. As a result, no fact or argument has been found that legitimizes Bill nº 529 of 2020 from the perspective of traditional communities and other beneficiaries of the São Paulo ATER public policy.Las comunidades de quilombos restantes en el estado de São Paulo corren un grave riesgo de cambios negativos en la prestación de servicios oficiales de extensión rural con la llegada del proyecto de ley 529/2020. El objetivo de esta investigación es buscar cómo las comunidades tradicionales de quilombo restantes ubicadas en el estado de São Paulo pueden ser perjudicadas directamente con la PL 529 de 2020. Para ello, se adoptó una metodología científica, que resume la revisión bibliográfica y documental. Carácter descriptivo y exploratorio. A consecuencia, no se ha encontrado ningún hecho o argumento que legitime el Proyecto de Ley n° 529 de 2020 desde la perspectiva de las comunidades tradicionales y otros beneficiarios de la política pública ATER de São Paulo.The remaining quilombo communities at the São Paulo State in Brazil are in serious risk of negative changes in the provision of official rural extension services with the advent of state Bill nº 529/2020. The objective of this research is to evaluate how the traditional remaining quilombo communities located at São Paulo State can be directly affected negatively by the law proposal. For this, a scientific methodology was adopted, which is summarized in the review bibliographic and descriptive and exploratory documentary. As a result, no fact or argument has been found that legitimizes Bill nº 529 of 2020 from the perspective of traditional communities and other beneficiaries of the São Paulo ATER public policy

Tamani grass-legume intercropping can improve productivity and composition of fodder destined to haylage or hay.

This research evaluated the biomass productivity and nutritional value of the haylage and hay from intercropping between Tamani grass and different legume species. For the productive characteristics of the different intercrops, we adopted a randomized block design, for evaluation of the combination of intercropping and conservation technic we used 5 x 2 factorial scheme (five intercrops and two types of conservation techniques). The treatments were Tamani grass as monoculture, and the intercrops of Tamani grass with crotalaria, soybean, cowpea, or pigeon pea. The conservation techniques were haylage (520 g/kg of DM) and hay (870 g/kg of DM). Plants were sown in alternate rows, with 45 cm of spacing between the rows. The parameters evaluated were grass and legume biomass production, canopy height, and haylage and hay chemical composition, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (ivDMD). There were no differences in the total biomass production between the intercrops and TA grass monoculture. The treatments intercropped with cowpea and soybean had the highest legume participation in the mixture, promoting an increase in crude protein and ivDMD content of haylage and hay. Haylage and hay had the same chemical composition, although haylage had higher ivDMD than hay. We concluded that intercropping Tamani grass with soybeans or cowpea maintained total biomass productivity and improved the nutritional value of haylage and ha

Conformational changes of the HsDHODH N-terminal microdomain via DEER spectroscopy

The human enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (HsDHODH) has been studied for being a target for development of new antineoplasic and antiproliferative drugs. The synthetic peptide N-t(DH) represents the N-terminal microdomain of this enzyme, responsible for anchoring it to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Also, it is known to harbor quinones that are essential for enzyme catalysis. Here we report structural features of the peptide/membrane interactions obtained by using CD and DEER spectroscopic techniques, both in micelles and in lipid vesicles. The data revealed different peptide conformational states in micelles and liposomes, which could suggest that this microdomain acts in specific regions or areas of the mitochondria, which can be related with the control of the quinone access to the HsDHODH active site. This is the first study to report on conformational changes of the HsDHODH N-terminal microdomain through a combination of CD and DEER spectroscopic techniques

Can the Antimicrobial Peptide Ctx(Ile21)-Ha-Ahx-Cys Grafted onto Nanochitosan Sensitize Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

The infectious agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has several defense and resistance mechanisms that must be eliminated. The treatment is prolonged, which in many cases generates susceptibility to microbial resistance. This research aimed to study whether the antimicrobial peptide Ctx(Ile21)-Ha-Ahx-Cys (Ctx-SH) functionalized in nanochitosan matrices could eliminate resistant MTB. For this, a nanosystem was developed with chitosan matrices previously modified with N-acetylcysteine functionalized to Ctx-SH. Modified chitosan nanoparticles (NPQ) were obtained by ionic gelation using sodium tripolyphosphate and loaded with rifampicin. Both chitosan and NPQ modifications were analyzed for physicochemical parameters by Fourier/Raman transform infrared spectroscopy and Zeta potential. Antimicrobial activity was performed in a level 3 biosafety laboratory with strains H37Rv (standard) and CF169 (extensively drug-resistant, XDR) incubated in 7H9 broth supplemented with oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, and catalase at 37 °C and 5% CO2 and read using fluorescence with 0.01% resazurin after 7 days. Insertion and mapping of NPQ into macrophages were assessed using a confocal microscope after 24 h with NPQ conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate. Preliminary results show that the spectroscopies corroborate the hypothesis of the functionalization of the Ctx-SH peptide to the chitosan-N-acetylcysteine system because, when comparing the three spectroscopies, a gradual increase in the intensity of several bands and the formation of captive disulfide are observed, and the Zeta potential (+30 mV) confirmed high application stability. Bacterial inhibition studies revealed that rifampicin-loaded antimicrobial peptide-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles have better activity than rifampicin alone against CF169, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of <0.977 µg/mL, similar to the standard strain. In addition, it was shown that NPQ would be able to enter the macrophage without causing toxicity and thus take better advantage of the activity of rifampicin. Finally, it is possible to verify that the nanobioconjugation of the Ctx-SH-N-acetylcysteine-chitosan compound is capable of enhancing the activity of obsolete drugs and/or sensitizing XDR bacteria

Conformational preferences induced by cyclization in orbitides: a vibrational CD study

Orbitides are bioactive head-to-tail natural cyclic peptides from plant species. Their bioactivity is intrinsically related to the main conformations adopted in solution, whose correct characterization represents an important bottleneck for medicinal chemistry applications. To date, NMR spectrosocopy has been the most frequently used technique to assess the secondary structure of orbitides. Despite the amount of structural information commonly available from NMR, its time scale frequently results in a limited conformational ensemble with a single mean structure, which may not represent the bioactive conformation. Additionally, problems with inter-residue NOE/ROE signals can reduce the accuracy and confidence of the 3D assignments. Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), on the other hand, has been demostrated as a powerful tool to probe the stereostructure of chiral molecules, including peptides and proteins, with enhanced sensitivity to individual conformations in the condensed phase. Herein, we present the first VCD stereochemical investigation of orbitides. By combining IR/VCD experiments in ACN-d3 and ACN-d3/D2O mixtures with DFT calculations in different levels of theory we were able to determine the solution-state conformational behavior, as well as the main structural restraints induced by cyclization, of the seven-residue orbitide pohlianin A and its linear precursor. VCD results indicated inverse γ-turns as the most prevalent structural motif for the linear precursor in partially aqueous solution, while type I and type VI β-turns were induced by the cyclization process, along with some classic γ-turns. In addition to the conformation of the cyclic peptide already described from NMR data, two previously unidentified conformations with distinct secondary structures were found to significantly populate the sample. This conformational discriminatory power of VCD for both linear and cyclic peptides in different solvent systems may lead to more accurate structural characterization of turn-rich peptidic natural products and help the design of conformationally-tailored peptides for more precise structure–activity relationship results.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)2019/22319-5431978/2018-

Sugar Metabolism and Photosynthesis of Tomatoes Irrigated with Water Treated with Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Resonance Fields in Different Fertigation Doses

Management of irrigation and fertilization in greenhouses, if not done correctly, can cause soil salinization. The use of water treated with very low-frequency electromagnetic resonance fields (WVLF) can reduce salinization effects on the photosynthetic and biometric systems. Thus, the purpose of the research to evaluate the metabolism of photosynthesis and the impact of WVLF on the cultivation of tomato crops subjected to different levels of fertigation. For this, the gas exchange parameters were evaluated, as well as chlorophyll a fluorescence, sugar contents, sucrose, chlorophylls, and phaeophytins and fruit production. The gas exchange parameters had greater activity when subjected to irrigation with electromagnetic water, consequently the production of sugar and sucrose increased. Photosynthetic System II showed less salinity effect, being favored by very low-frequency electromagnetic resonance fields. The production increased by 20% for the dose of 2.5 d·Sm−1 of WVLF reducing the effects caused by higher doses. Hence, the induction of water by electromagnetic fields can provide less damage to the photosynthetic system and to the cultivation of the tomato crop when subjected to saline stress and, consequently, favor the production of fruits by this crop under such conditions