Replication of Rocio virus in primary cultures of mouse neural cells

Instituto Evandro Chagas/ Ministry of Health and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)/Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal do Pará. Belém, PA, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.This study verified the replication efficiency of the Rocio virus in a primary culture of mouse neural cells. Methods: Mixed primary cultures (neurons/glia) obtained from the brains of newborn isogenic BALB/c mice were inoculated with Rocio virus on the 7th day of culture, and the development of cytopathogenic effects was monitored. The infection was confirmed via immunocytochemistry (anti-ROCV), while viral replication was quantified in infected primary cultures. The titration method used depended on the infection period. Results: Rocio virus efficiently infected primary cultured neural cells, with the highest viral titer causing cytopathic changes was observed at 2 days post infection. The virus-infected primary culture survived for up to 7 days post infection, and viral load quantitation showed viral replication kinetics compatible with the cell death kinetics of cultures. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that mouse neural cell primary cultures support Rocio virus replication and could be used as an alternative system for studying Flavivirus infection in the central nervous system

Methodology Adapted to the Practice of Judo for Older Men

Our study presents a methodological proposal for the practice of judo as a viable, alternative exercise method to improve the health of older men and seniors. Bibliographic survey was utilized to analyze the results. A number of studies attempt to adapt the practice of judo to enhance different health variables in middle-aged and elderly men. The proposal of adapting judo methodology to older men was conceived based on these studies. The methodological proposal presented in this study corroborates the health and quality of life needs of judo enthusiasts, in addition to providing an opportunity for exercise that is normally appealing to men. In this respect, the methodological adaptations described in the present study may be an effective and viable way to prevent disease, maintain and promote health and quality of life, applying an exercise method that uses adapted judo training

Microglial Plasticity Contributes to Recovery of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells during Experimental Stroke

Brain stroke is an acute neural disorder characterized by obstruction (ischemic) or rupture (hemorrhagic) of blood vessels causing neural damage and subsequent functional impairment. Its pathophysiology is complex and involves a multitude of pathological events including energetic collapse, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, metabolic acidosis, cell death and neuroinflammation. Despite its clinical importance, there is no effective pharmacological therapies available to diminish secondary damage avowing functional deficits. Considering the failure of pharmacological approaches for stroke, cell therapy came as promising alternative. Different cell types have been investigated in different experimental models with promising results. An important issue regarding the transplantation of stem cells into the damaged CNS tissue is how the pathological environment influences the transplanted cells. It has been established that an exacerbated inflammation in the pathological environment is detrimental to the survival of the transplanted stem cells. This prompted us to develop an experimental strategy to improve the therapeutic actions of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) transplanted into the acute phase of brain stroke by modulating microglial activation with minocycline. In this chapter, we first review the basic pathophysiology of ischemic stroke with emphasis on the role of microglia to the pathological outcome. We then review the experimental approach of modulating microglia activation in order to enhance therapeutic actions of BMMCS for experimental stroke. We suggest that such an approach may be applied as an adjuvant therapy to control excessive neuroinflammation in the pathological environment allowing acute transplants and improving therapeutic actions of different kind of stem cells

Emergence of new immunopathogenic factors in human yellow fever: polarization of the M1/M2 macrophage response in the renal parenchyma

This research was funded by grant number 457664/2013-4 and 303999/2016-0.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Universidade do Estado do Pará. Departamento de Patologia. Belém, PA, Brazil / Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Universidade do Estado do Pará. Departamento de Patologia. Belém, PA, Brazil.Universidade do Estado do Pará. Departamento de Patologia. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Universidade do Estado do Pará. Departamento de Patologia. Belém, PA, Brazil.Universidade do Estado do Pará. Departamento de Patologia. Belém, PA, Brazil.Universidade do Estado do Pará. Departamento de Patologia. Belém, PA, Brazil / Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. São Paulo, SP, Brazil / Universidade Federal do Pará. Núcleo de Medicina Tropical. Belém, PA, Brazil.Macrophages in the kidney play a pathogenic role in inflammation and fibrosis. Our study aimed to understand the polarisation of the M1 and M2 phenotypic profiles of macrophages in injured kidney tissue retrieved from fatal cases of yellow fever virus (YFV). A total of 11 renal tissue biopsies obtained from patients who died of yellow fever (YF) were analysed. To detect antibodies that promote the classical and alternative pathways of macrophage activation, immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect CD163, CD68, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase 1, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, IFN-β, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-13, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. There was a difference in the marker expression between fatal cases of YFV and control samples, with increased expression in the cortical region of the renal parenchyma. The immunoexpression of CD68 and CD163 receptors suggests the presence of activated macrophages migrating to infectious foci. The rise in IL-10, IL-4, and IL-13 indicated their potential role in the inactivation of the inflammatory macrophage response and phenotypic modulation of M2 macrophages. The altered expression of IFN-γ and IFN-β demonstrates the importance of the innate immune response in combating microorganisms. Our findings indicate that the polarisation of M1 and M2 macrophages plays a vital role in the renal immune response to YFV

Trajetórias da Educomunicação nas Políticas Públicas e a Formação de seus Profissionais

Esta obra é composta com os trabalhos apresentados no primeiro subtema, TRAJETÓRIA – Educação para a Comunicação como Política pública, nas perspectivas da Educomunicação e da Mídia-Educação, do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação. Os artigos pretendem propiciar trocas de informações e produzir reflexões com os leitores sobre os caminhos percorridos, e ainda a percorrer, tendo como meta a expansão e a legitimação das práticas educomunicativas e/ou mídia-educativas como política pública para o atendimento à formação de crianças, adolescentes, jovens e adultos, no Brasil e no mundo

Considerações a respeito do método Isoton: seu efeito na hipertrofia das fibras oxidativas e suas contribuições e suas contribuições para a saúde

Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Pará. Curso de Especialização em Treinamento Esportivo. Castanhal, PA, Brasil.Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará . Curso de Especialização em Ciências do Exercício. Belém, PA, Brasil.O método ISOTON é o sistema de treinamento estático-dinâmico concebido por Victor Nikolaevich Seluianov que tem como objetivo a promoção da hipertrofia seletiva das fibras musculares lentas por meio da hiperplasia das miofibrilas. Neste método os movimentos são realizados com sobrecargas leves (10- 40% RM), sem o relaxamento dos músculos ativados, com execução lenta dos movimentos, executados em amplitudes reduzidas e nos ângulos de maior tensão. O objetivo é provocar a compressão e a oclusão dos capilares gerando a hipóxia das fibras musculares. Nestas condições, ocorre a intensificação da glicólise anaeróbia que culmina com a maior produção de lactato e íons H+. Esse mecanismo desencadeia as cascatas bioquímicas que promovem a hipertrofia dessas fibras. Em atletas, o método ISOTON ajuda na melhoria do desempenho tanto de potência quanto de resistência via aumento da força muscular das fibras lentas e do limiar aeróbio contribuindo para a economia de movimento. Quando combinado com métodos tradicionais de treinamento de força, esse método funciona como um complemento que visa hipertrofiar as fibras oxidativas gerando ganhos estéticos. Na saúde, o ISOTON contribui para o emagrecimento, sendo um método excelente e seguro para pessoas com problemas coronários associados a aterosclerose, pois sua execução não eleva consideravelmente a PA e não gera sobrecarga cardíaca excessiva. Por utilizar sobrecargas leves também pode ser utilizado com pessoas que tenham problemas / dores articulares. Para isso, utiliza-se o método da seguinte maneira: 2 a 9 super séries de ISOTON compostas de 3 a 6 séries de 30 a 50 segundos de execução com 30 segundos de pausa entre as séries e intervalos de 10 minutos entre as super série

Training load monitoring and physiological responses to RX CrossFit® training

Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano. Belém, PA, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil / Universidade do Estado do Pará. Faculdade de Educação Física. Departamento de Desporto. Belém, PA, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Ceará. Instituto de Educação Física e Esportes. Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.CrossFit® is a training program recognized for its rapid growth in popularity in competitive and noncompetitive models and designed to develop different fitness domains simultaneously. In this training model, chronic adaptations are expected to differ from other models due to the high-volume workloads, performed in a self-regulated characteristic. Purpose: Therefore, this study aimed to describe the internal training load imposed on CrossFit® athletes over a three month period and relate it to physical performance indicators. A second goal was to investigate the effect of this training on aerobic fitness indicators. Methods: To this end, competitive athletes were evaluated daily, weekly, and pre and post training. The instruments consisted of daily perceptual measures regarding pain sensations, recovery, sleep quality, heart rate variability, and tests of lower limb power and aerobic power. The data normality was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test and compared by the ANOVA test for repeated measures, and the correlations between training load indicators and physical performance were tested by Pearson's coefficient. The alpha value was set at 5%. Results and Conclusion: The investigated training program was not enough to induce detectable overreaching or recovery/compensation, at least by the variables evaluated and in a group-based analysis. Also, no relevant changes in aerobic power were found. However, negative correlations between CMJ and HRV with some training load parameters suggest that changes in training loads along the weeks provided neuromuscular and autonomic variations in the expected directions. In summary, the training load imposed in the preparation of elite CrossFit® athletes was relatively stable, despite the constant variation of stimuli and settings. Our findings may help to explain the patterns of the sport, which involves high volume and frequency of training maintained for long periods, which does not match (at least theoretically) with high intensity efforts

Minocycline treatment and bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation after endothelin-1 induced striatal ischemia

This work was supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and Fundação de Amparo A Pesquisa do Estado do Pará (FAPESPA). W Gomes-Leal is a principal investigator in grant number 573872/2008-2 from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT), Ministry of Health (MS), and CNPq (Edital CT-Biotecnologia/MCT/ CNPq/MS/SCTIE/DECIT No. 17/2008) and FAPESPA (PRONEX-FAPESPA-CNPQ-Edital 012-2009).Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration. Belém, PA, Brazil.We explored whether the modulation of microglia activation with minocycline is beneficial to the therapeutic actions of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) transplanted after experimental stroke. Male Wistar adult rats were divided in four experimental groups: ischemiccontrol saline treated (G1, N=6), ischemic minocycline treated (G2, N=5), ischemic BMMC treated (G3, N=5), and ischemic minocycline/BMMC treated (G4, N=6). There was a significant reduction in the number of ED1+ cells in G3 animals (51.31±2.41, P>0.05), but this effect was more prominentfollowing concomitant treatment with minocycline (G4=29.78±1.56). There was conspicuous neuronal preservation in the brains of G4 animals (87.97±4.27) compared with control group (G1=47.61±2.25, P>0.05). The behavioral tests showed better functional recovery in animals ofG2, G3, and G4, compared with G1 and baseline (P>0.05). The results suggest that a proper modulation of microglia activity may contribute to a more permissive ischemic environment contributing to increased neuroprotection and functional recovery following striatal ischemia

Experimental Dengue Virus Type 4 Infection Increases the Expression of MicroRNAs-15/16, Triggering a Caspase-Induced Apoptosis Pathway

The World Health Organization has estimated the annual occurrence of approximately 392 million dengue virus (DENV) infections in more than 100 countries where the virus is endemic, which represents a serious threat to humanity. DENV is a serologic group with four distinct serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4) belonging to the genus Flavivirus, in the family Flaviviridae. Dengue is the most widespread mosquito-borne disease in the world. The ~10.7 kb DENV genome encodes three structural proteins (capsid (C), pre-membrane (prM), and envelope (E)) and seven non-structural (NS) proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5). The NS1 protein is a membrane-associated dimer and a secreted, lipid-associated hexamer. Dimeric NS1 is found on membranes both in cellular compartments and cell surfaces. Secreted NS1 (sNS1) is often present in patient serum at very high levels, which correlates with severe dengue symptoms. This study was conducted to discover how the NS1 protein, microRNAs-15/16 (miRNAs-15/16), and apoptosis are related during DENV-4 infection in human liver cell lines. Huh 7.5 and HepG2 cells were infected with DENV-4, and miRNAs-15/16, viral load, NS1 protein, and caspases-3/7 were quantified after different durations of infection. This study demonstrated that miRNAs-15/16 were overexpressed during the infection of HepG2 and Huh 7.5 cells with DENV-4 and had a relationship with NS1 protein expression, viral load, and the activity of caspases-3/7, thus making these miRNAs potential injury markers during DENV infection in human hepatocytes

Acute and delayed biochemical, hematological, and neuromuscular responses to the Rest-pause resistance training method

Universidade Federal do Pará - Campus Universitário de Castanhal. Faculdade de Educação Física. Castanhal, PA, Brazil / Universidade Federal do Pará. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano. Belém, PA, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Pará - Campus Universitário de Castanhal. Faculdade de Educação Física. Castanhal, PA, Brazil / Universidade Federal do Pará. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Pará. Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Lutas e Esportes de Combate. Belém, PA, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Pará - Campus Universitário de Castanhal. Faculdade de Educação Física. Castanhal, PA, Brazil / Universidade Federal do Pará. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano. Belém, PA, Brazil.Objective: This investigation aimed to compare acute and delayed biochemical, hematological, and neuromuscular responses to the Rest-pause (RP) method and traditional resistance training (TRT) through 48 h. Methods: This crossover design study, in which the training sessions were separated by a 7-days washout interval. Twelve recreationally trained males (age: 22.4 ± 1.8 years) realized the RP protocol, consisting of two sets of 6-3-3 repetitions at 90% of 6-repetition maximum (6RM) and 20 s of rest between repetitions and 2:30 min between sets and TRT protocol, consistent of 3 sets of 8 repetitions at 85% of 6RM with 2 min between sets. Blood analyses and neuromuscular performance were measured before (PRE), immediately after (POST) and 24 (24H) and, 48 h (48H) after protocols. Results: Regarding between-moments comparisons, biochemical and hematological responses increased after protocols (p 0.05). Only creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, neutrophiles, and white blood cells increased after protocols (p 0.05). No significant difference between moments was found for neuromuscular performance (p > 0.05). Regarding difference between groups, red blood cells and hemoglobin showed lower values for the RP in comparison to the TRT after 24H (p = 0.03). Conclusion: The sets configurations seem to be insufficient to induce an additional effect in muscle damage markers, immune responses, and neuromuscular performance. Finally, it seems that advanced techniques with lower volume don’t affect the immune system for long time periods