Representation and Estimation of Trajectories from Two-body Decays

A novel parametrization of the trajectories stemming from two-body decays is presented, based on the kinematics of the decay. The core component of this parametrization is a decay model which is derived using the relativistic energy-momentum conservation law and geometrical fundamentals. The estimation of the decay parameters, also including the beam profile and a mass constraint, is described. Some applications in realistics scenarios are presented. In addition, the representation of the trajectories for the use in track-based alignment algorithms is briefly discussed

Towards a Systematic Approach for Smart Grid Hazard Analysis and Experiment Specification

The transition to the smart grid introduces complexity to the design and operation of electric power systems. This complexity has the potential to result in safety-related losses that are caused, for example, by unforeseen interactions between systems and cyber-attacks. Consequently, it is important to identify potential losses and their root causes, ideally during system design. This is non-trivial and requires a systematic approach. Furthermore, due to complexity, it may not possible to reason about the circumstances that could lead to a loss; in this case, experiments are required. In this work, we present how two complementary deductive approaches can be usefully integrated to address these concerns: Systems Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) is a systems approach to identifying safety-related hazard scenarios; and the ERIGrid Holistic Test Description (HTD) provides a structured approach to refine and document experiments. The intention of combining these approaches is to enable a systematic approach to hazard analysis whose findings can be experimentally tested. We demonstrate the use of this approach with a reactive power voltage control case study for a low voltage distribution network.Comment: 2020 IEEE 18th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN

Expert survey and classification of tools for modeling and simulating hybrid energy networks

Sector coupling is expected to play a key role in the decarbonization of the energy system by enabling the integration of decentralized renewable energy sources and unlocking hitherto unused synergies between generation, storage and consumption. Within this context, a transition towards hybrid energy networks (HENs), which couple power, heating/cooling and gas grids, is a necessary requirement to implement sector coupling on a large scale. However, this transition poses practical challenges, because the traditional domain-specific approaches struggle to cover all aspects of HENs. Methods and tools for conceptualization, system planning and design as well as system operation support exist for all involved domains, but their adaption or extension beyond the domain they were originally intended for is still a matter of research and development. Therefore, this work presents innovative tools for modeling and simulating HENs. A categorization of these tools is performed based on a clustering of their most relevant features. It is shown that this categorization has a strong correlation with the results of an independently carried out expert review of potential application areas. This good agreement is a strong indicator that the proposed classification categories can successfully capture and characterize the most important features of tools for HENs. Furthermore, it allows to provide a guideline for early adopters to understand which tools and methods best fit the requirements of their specific applications

Energy Systems Test Case Discovery Enabled by Test Case Profile and Repository

Smart energy systems comprise multiple domains like power, thermal, control, information, and communication technology, which increases the complexity of research and development studies. This expansion also requires larger and ever so complex experimental pilot environments driving the demand for geographically distributed multi-research infrastructure tests. The Holistic Test Description approach supports the design of multi-domain and multi-research infrastructure tests by orga-nizing the test cases into comprehensive segments, ensuring all relevant items for testing are covered. These test cases eventually form a pool, which to understand holistically would require studying and reading all the descriptions. This work proposes therefore the concept of Test Case Profiles to improve test case discovery and the structured creation of them. Test Case Profiles add further structure to the indexing in test case repositories. Along with the proposed indexing method, four different use cases are introduced to motivate additional applications of the proposed concept.Energy Systems Test Case Discovery Enabled by Test Case Profile and RepositoryacceptedVersio

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Results and further developments of the qualification procedures for the CMS tracker silicon microstrip sensors

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Global alignment of the CMS Tracker

Zsfassung in dt. SpracheDie vorliegende Arbeit wurde am Institut für Hochenergiephysik (HEPHY) der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften im Rahmen der CMS Kollaboration ausgeführt. Eine Hauptkomponente des CMS Experiments, eines von zwei Vielzweck-Experimenten am Large Hadron Collider (LHC) des CERN (Genf, Schweiz), ist der so genannte Tracker (von engl. Track, Spur). Dieses Gerät, entwickelt zur Vermessung der Flugbahn von geladenen Teilchen, besteht aus etwa 16.000 planaren ortsauflösenden Siliziumsensoren und ist somit das bei weitem größte Exemplar seiner Art. Systematische Messfehler, hervorgerufen durch unvermeidliche Ungenauigkeiten bei der Konstruktion, verringern die Messgenauigkeit allerdings drastisch. Die daher notwendigen geometrischen Korrekturen des experimentellen Versuchsaufbaus - das so genannte Alignment - sollten mit einer Genauigkeit unterhalb der Auflösung der Einzelsensoren bekannt sein. Zu diesem Zweck müssen mit Hilfe spezieller Algorithmen bereits rekonstruierte Teilchenspuren analysiert werden.Der Kalman Alignment Algorithmus (KAA) ist eine neuartige Methode, diese geometrischen Korrekturen auch für derart große Systeme wie den CMS Tracker zu berechnen. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt einen Querschnitt über die gesamte bisherige Entwicklung dar, angefangen vom zugrunde liegenden Konzept, über die Implementierung bis hin zur konkreten Anwendung in Simulationsstudien sowie der Verarbeitung echter experimenteller Daten. Zudem wird eine neuartige Methode zur Ausnutzung kinematischer Zwangsbedingungen von Zwei-Körper-Zerfällen vorgestellt, welche generell die Präzision von Alignment-Algorithmen verbessern kann.The work at hand has been carried out at the Institute of High Energy Physics (HEPHY) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences within the framework of the CMS Collaboration. One of the main components of the CMS experiment, one of two multi-purpose experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Geneva, Switzerland), is the so called Tracker.This device, designed to measure the flight paths of charged particles (hence the name), is composed of approximately 16,000 planar silicon detector modules, which makes it the biggest of its kind. However, systematical measurement errors, caused by unavoidable inaccuracies in the construction phase, reduce the precision of the measurements drastically. The consequently required geometrical corrections of the experimental setup - the so called alignment - should be known with an accuracy better than the resolution of the detector modules. To this goal, special algorithms are utilized to analyze recorded particle tracks.The Kalman Alignment Algorithm (KAA) is a novel approach to extract a set of alignment constants even for a system as big as the CMS Tracker.The work at hand gives an overview on the entire development, starting with the underlying concept, to the implementation and the concrete application in simulation studies and the processing of real experimental data. In addition, a novel method for utilizing kinematical constraints of two-body decays is presented, which can be used to improve the precision of alignment algorithms in general.11

Searches for Supersymmetry with the CMS detector at the LHC

Supersymmetry may give rise to striking events that could be discovered early in LHC running. We discuss search strategies based on the generic event signatures of high jet multiplicity and large missing transverse momentum, optionally including leptons and photons in the final state. An important aspect of such searches is the commissioning of search variables with LHC data, and demonstrating a good understanding of the detector, which is discussed in detail. Techniques for estimating the contributions from Standard Model background processes using data are presented. Finally prospects for a discovery are reviewed