Julian of Norwich and her children today: Editions, translations and versions of her revelations

The viability of such concepts as "authorial intention," "the original text," "critical edition" and, above all, "scholarly editorial objectivity" is not what it was, and a study of the textual progeny of the revelations of Julian of Norwich--editions, versions, translations and selections--does little to rehabilitate them. Rather it tends to support the view that a history of reading is indeed a history of misreading or, more positively, that texts can have an organic life of their own that allows them to reproduce and evolve quite independently of their author. Julian's texts have had a more robustly continuous life than those of any other Middle English mystic. Their history--in manuscript and print, in editions more or less approximating Middle English and in translations more or less approaching Modern English--is virtually unbroken since the fifteenth century. But on this perilous journey, many and strange are the clutches into which she and her textual progeny have fallen

Structural and magnetic study of Yb3+ in the perovskites Sr2YbMO6 (M = Nb, Ta, Sb)

The compounds Sr2YbNbO6, Sr2YbTaO6 and Sr2YbSbO6 have been prepared using solid state methods by heating pelleted reagents in air at temperatures up to 1400°C. Rietveld refinement against room temperature neutron powder diffraction data show that all three compounds crystallise with a cationordered variant of the perovskite structure in the P21/n space group. Complete cation ordering occurs between M5+ and Yb3+ over two octahedrally-coordinated sites in the structure and all compounds are stoichiometric in oxygen. The Sb-O bond lengths are similar to related perovskite compounds but differ slightly from those indicated by bond valence sums. Magnetic susceptibility data resemble Curie-Weiss paramagnetic behaviour, but can be better understood as arising from the effect of the octahedral crystal field on the 2F5/2 ground state of Yb3+ leading to a temperature dependent magnetic moment on this ion below 100 K

Cold Creep of Titanium: Analysis of stress relaxation using synchrotron diffraction and crystal plasticity simulations

There is a long standing technological problem in which a stress dwell during cyclic loading at room temperature in Ti causes a significant fatigue life reduction. It is thought that localised time dependent plasticity in soft grains oriented for easy plastic slip leads to load shedding and an increase in stress within a neighbouring hard grain poorly oriented for easy slip. Quantifying this time dependent plasticity process is key to successfully predicting the complex cold dwell fatigue problem. This work uses a novel approach of in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction during stress relaxation tests, to quantify the time dependent plasticity. Measured lattice strains from multiple lattice families (21 diffraction rings) were compared with simulated lattice strains from crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) simulations. The prism slip parameters were found to show stronger strain rate sensitivity compared to basal slip, and this has a significant effect on stress redistribution to hard grain orientations during cold creep

An in-situ synchrotron diffraction study of stress relaxation in titanium:Effect of temperature and oxygen on cold dwell fatigue

There is a long-standing technological problem in which a stress dwell during cyclic loading at room temperature in Ti causes a drastic fatigue life reduction. To better understand the material characteristics that control or exacerbate this behaviour, evaluation of the time dependent plasticity of the main prismatic and basal slip systems is critical. Incorporating the influence of operating temperatures and common alloying elements on cold dwell fatigue will be beneficial for future alloy design to address this problem. In this work, characterisation of the time dependent plastic behaviour of two commercially pure titanium samples (grade 1 and grade 4) with different oxygen content at 4 different temperatures (room temperature, 75 , 145 and 250 ) was performed during stress relaxation using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Key parameters that govern the dislocation motion were determined for the major prismatic and basal slip systems as a function of temperature and oxygen content by calibrating a crystal plasticity finite element model with the measured lattice strain relaxation responses. From the temperatures assessed, 75 was found to be the worst-case scenario, where the macroscopic plastic strain accumulation was significant during a relaxation cycle due to the greatest activity of both prism and basal slip systems. As the temperature increases, the contribution of thermal energy becomes greater than mechanical energy for dislocation glide. Oxygen was found to have a stronger strengthening effect on prism slip over basal slip, through a significant change in their respective critical resolved shear stresses. This effect becomes more significant in high oxygen content commercially pure Ti

SNX27–Retromer directly binds ESCPE-1 to transfer cargo proteins during endosomal recycling

Coat complexes coordinate cargo recognition through cargo adaptors with biogenesis of transport carriers during integral membrane protein trafficking. Here, we combine biochemical, structural, and cellular analyses to establish the mechanistic basis through which SNX27-Retromer, a major endosomal cargo adaptor, couples to the membrane remodeling endosomal SNX-BAR sorting complex for promoting exit 1 (ESCPE-1). In showing that the SNX27 FERM (4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin) domain directly binds acidic-Asp-Leu-Phe (aDLF) motifs in the SNX1/SNX2 subunits of ESCPE-1, we propose a handover model where SNX27-Retromer captured cargo proteins are transferred into ESCPE-1 transport carriers to promote endosome-to-plasma membrane recycling. By revealing that assembly of the SNX27:Retromer:ESCPE-1 coat evolved in a stepwise manner during early metazoan evolution, likely reflecting the increasing complexity of endosome-to-plasma membrane recycling from the ancestral opisthokont to modern animals, we provide further evidence of the functional diversification of yeast pentameric Retromer in the recycling of hundreds of integral membrane proteins in metazoans

Time to Metamorphosis as a Function of Larval Size in a Population of Ambystoma tigrinum Salamanders Consisting of Cannibal and Typical Morph Phenotypes

Salamander larvae of the species Ambystoma tigrinum are dimorphic in northwestern Iowa. In addition to common typical morphs, there exist rare, specialized cannibal morphs, which are induced environmentally by crowding. Cannibal morph phenotypes are characterized morphologically by their large size, proportionately large heads and hypertrophied vomerine teeth, and behaviorally by facultative cannibalism. During metamorphosis amphibians are particularly sensitive to predation. To help understand why cannibal morphs are uncommon, we have raised cannibal and typical morphs in isolation and under crowded conditions to compare the timing and duration of metamorphosis between these morphs. Results show that larger larvae, most of which exhibit characteristics intermediate between cannibal and typical morphs, and three true cannibal morphs, do not exhibit a discrete time to metamorphosis; they are among the first, but not the first animals to metamorphose. Therefore cannibal morphs may be no more vulnerable to predation than typical morphs during this critical period, and we do not consider that our metamorphic bottleneck hypothesis is supported. Overall, crowded larvae metamorphosed an average of three to four days earlier than isolates and were an average of 6 mm smaller at metamorphosis

Use of electronic medical records (EMR) for oncology outcomes research: assessing the comparability of EMR information to patient registry and health claims data

Electronic medical records (EMRs) are used increasingly for research in clinical oncology, epidemiology, and comparative effectiveness research (CER)

Microwave-assisted synthesis of highly crystalline, multifunctional iron oxide nanocomposites for imaging applications

We report a reproducible single-step, microwave-assisted approach for the preparation of multifunctional magnetic nanocomposites comprising superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) cores, a polyelectrolyte stabilizer and an organic dye with no requirement for post-processing. The stabilisers poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSSS) and sodium polyphosphate (SPP) have been thoroughly investigated and from analysis using electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering measurements, magnetic hysteresis and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, we show that the higher degree of Fe3O4 nanoparticle crystallinity achieved with the PSSS stabiliser leads to enhanced magnetic behaviour and thus better contrast agent relaxivity compared to the less crystalline, poorly defined particles obtained when SPP is employed as a stabiliser. We also demonstrate the potential for obtaining a multifunctional magnetic-fluorescent nanocomposite using our microwave-assisted synthesis. In this manner, we demonstrate the intimate link between synthetic methodology (microwave heating with a polyelectrolyte stabilizer) and the resulting properties (particle size, shape, and magnetism) and how this underpins the functionality of the resulting nanocomposites as agents for biomedical imaging