L'épidémiologie de la dépendance du sujet âgé. Histoire naturelle, tendances évolutives et déterminants

The contingent of baby‐boomers combined with an expansion of morbidity increasinglyobserved in some layers of older and aging populations are a major challenge for society.The aim of this thesis was to study the natural history and determinants of dependency inaging. In the first part, we showed that longevity was a multifactorial phenomenon withsimilarities and discrepancies by gender. In the second part, the study of secular trendsshowed a 10‐year gain in life expectancy and a postponement of dependency in over 75‐year‐old demonstrating a compression of morbidity for men and high levels of education,but an expansion of morbidity for the subjects of low educational level. IRT models haveallowed us to more accurately describe the process of dependency. Our work confirmed thatthe ability to perform daily activities was hierarchically affected and the front door of theprocess was limitation for shopping, while the last step was for transfer limitation. Thetrajectories of functional evolution before death are more favorable to men and high levelsof education. Furthermore, the sequences are hierarchical specific to dementia, especiallyfor IADL. Demented people experienced sharper functional declines and greater levels ofdependency. Further analyzes will have to focus on exploring more widely different patternsof change in elderly population and identify the determinants underlying these profiles.Keywords:Le contingent de personnes issues de la génération du baby‐boom conjugué à une expansionde la morbidité de plus en plus observée dans certaines couches des populations âgées etvieillissantes constitue un défi majeur pour la société. L’objectif de cette thèse étaitd’étudier l’histoire naturelle et les déterminants de la dépendance dans le vieillissement.Dans une première partie nous avons montré que la longévité était un phénomènemultifactoriel avec des similitudes et des spécificités selon le sexe. Dans une deuxièmepartie, l’étude des tendances séculaires a montré un gain d’espérance de vie en 10 ans avecun recul de l’âge d’entrée en dépendance chez les plus de 75 ans attestant d’unecompression de la morbidité pour les hommes et les hauts niveaux d’études, mais d’uneexpansion de la morbidité pour les sujets de bas niveau d’études. Les modèles IRT nous ontpermis de décrire plus finement le processus de dépendance. Nos travaux ont confirmé quela capacité à effectuer les activités quotidiennes était hiérarchiquement affectée et que laporte d’entrée dans le processus était la limitation pour les courses, alors que la dernièreétape était la limitation au transfert. Les trajectoires d’évolution fonctionnelle avant le décèssont plus favorables aux hommes et aux hauts niveaux d’études. Par ailleurs, les séquenceshiérarchiques sont spécifiques à la démence, notamment pour les IADL. Les démentsconnaissent un déclin fonctionnel plus marqué et des niveaux de dépendance supérieurs.Des analyses ultérieures devront s’attacher à explorer plus largement les différents profilsd’évolution en population âgée et identifier les déterminants sous‐jacents à ces profils

An Ambient Assisted Living platform for supporting aging in place of prefrail and frail older adults: Rationale, HomeAssist plaform, quasiexperimental design, and baseline characteristics

Background: Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) technology is expected as a promising way for prolonging the aging in place. Very few evidence-based results are provided support to its real value, notably for frail older adults who have high risk of autonomy loss and of entering in nursing home. Objective: HomeAssist (HA) is a human-centered AAL platform offering a large set of applications for three main age-related need domains (Activities of Daily Living, Safety and Social participation), relying on a basic set of entities (sensors, actuators...). The HA intervention involves monitoring as well as assistive services to support independent living at home. The primary outcomes measures are related to aging in place in terms of effectiveness (institutionalization and hospitalization rates) and efficiency (everyday functioning indices). Secondary outcomes measures include indices of frailty, cognitive functioning, and psychosocial health of participants and their caregivers. Every 6 months, user experience and attitudes towards HA are also collected in equipped participants. Concomitantly, HA usages are collected. Methods: A study assessing the HA efficacy has been designed and is now conducted with 131 older adults aged 81.9 (±6.0) years (from autonomous to frail) who lived alone. The study design is quasi-experimental with a duration of 12 months optionally extensible to 24 months. It includes equipped participants, matched with non-equipped participants (n= 474). Followup assessments occurred at 0, 12 and 24 months. Results: The expected results are to inform the AAL value for independent living, but also to yield informed analysis on AAL usages and adoption in frail older individuals

Effectiveness of an Ambient Assisted Living (HomeAssist) Platform for Supporting Aging in Place of Older Adults With Frailty: Protocol for a Quasi-Experimental Study

International audienceBackground: Ambient assisted living (AAL) technologies are viewed as a promising way to prolong aging in place, particularly when they are designed as closely as possible to the needs of the end users. However, very few evidence-based results have been provided to support its real value, notably for frail older adults who have a high risk of autonomy loss as well as entering a nursing home. Objective: We hypothesized that the benefit from an AAL with a user-centered design is effective for aging in place for frail older adults in terms of everyday functioning (instrumental activities of daily-life scale). In addition, our secondary hypotheses are that such an AAL decreases or neutralizes the frailty process and reduces the rates of institutionalization and hospitalization and that it improves the psychosocial health of participants and their caregivers when compared with the control condition. We also assume that a large proportion of equipped participants will have a satisfactory experience and will accept a subscription to an internet connection to prolong their participation. Methods: HomeAssist (HA) is an AAL platform offering a large set of apps for 3 main age-related need domains (activities of daily-living, safety, and social participation), relying on a basic set of entities (sensors, actuators, tablets, etc). The HA intervention involves monitoring based on assistive services to support activities related to independent living at home. The study design is quasi-experimental with a duration of 12 months, optionally extensible to 24 months. Follow-up assessments occurred at 0, 12, and 24 months. The primary outcome measures are related to everyday functioning. Secondary outcome measures include indices of frailty, cognitive functioning, and psychosocial health of the participants and their caregivers. Every 6 months, user experience and attitudes toward HA are also collected from equipped participants. Concomitantly, data on HA use will be collected. All measures of the study will be tested based on an intention-to-treat approach using a 2-tailed level of significance set at α=.05, concerning our primary and secondary efficacy outcomes. Results: Descriptive analyses were conducted to characterize the recruited equipped participants compared with the others (excluded and refusals) on the data available at the eligibility visit, to describe the characteristics of the recruited sample at baseline, as well as those of the dropouts. Finally, recruitment at 12 months included equipped participants (n=73), matched with control participants (n=474, from pre-existing cohorts). The results of this study will be disseminated through scientific publications and conferences. This will provide a solid basis for the creation of a start-up to market the technology. Conclusions: This trial will inform the real-life efficacy of HA in prolonging aging in place for frail older adults and yield an informed analysis of AAL use and adoption in frail older individuals

Front Psychiatry

OBJECTIVE: During the COVID-19 pandemic, older people and patients with psychiatric disorders had an increased risk of being isolated. The French National Authority for Health has recommended a reinforced follow-up of these patients. Cross-sectional studies reported an increased risk of developing anxiety and depression during pandemic. The aim of our study was to identify factors associated with higher anxiety during the pandemic in older patients with psychiatric disorders. METHODS: STERACOVID is a multicenter cohort study with 117 patients followed-up by phone in two French geriatric psychiatry units. In this work, we used cross-sectional data from a prospective follow-up conducted between January and May 2021. RESULTS: We found that coping strategies, personality, and living conditions were associated with general anxiety (GA) level during the pandemic period. Higher GA was associated with less positive thinking coping strategy, more avoidance strategies, a lower level of extraversion, a higher level of neuroticism, more time spent watching the news, a higher feeling of loneliness, and a lack of physical contact. FINDINGS: Our study identified factors associated with a poorer experience of pandemic crisis. Special attention should be paid to patients with a high level of neuroticism and a high feeling of loneliness. Support could aim to help patients use more functional strategies: reducing avoidance strategies and increasing positive thinking. Finally, reducing time watching news could also be an interesting prevention perspective. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04760795

Epidemiology of dependency in the elderly. Natural history, trends and determinants

Le contingent de personnes issues de la génération du baby‐boom conjugué à une expansionde la morbidité de plus en plus observée dans certaines couches des populations âgées etvieillissantes constitue un défi majeur pour la société. L’objectif de cette thèse étaitd’étudier l’histoire naturelle et les déterminants de la dépendance dans le vieillissement.Dans une première partie nous avons montré que la longévité était un phénomènemultifactoriel avec des similitudes et des spécificités selon le sexe. Dans une deuxièmepartie, l’étude des tendances séculaires a montré un gain d’espérance de vie en 10 ans avecun recul de l’âge d’entrée en dépendance chez les plus de 75 ans attestant d’unecompression de la morbidité pour les hommes et les hauts niveaux d’études, mais d’uneexpansion de la morbidité pour les sujets de bas niveau d’études. Les modèles IRT nous ontpermis de décrire plus finement le processus de dépendance. Nos travaux ont confirmé quela capacité à effectuer les activités quotidiennes était hiérarchiquement affectée et que laporte d’entrée dans le processus était la limitation pour les courses, alors que la dernièreétape était la limitation au transfert. Les trajectoires d’évolution fonctionnelle avant le décèssont plus favorables aux hommes et aux hauts niveaux d’études. Par ailleurs, les séquenceshiérarchiques sont spécifiques à la démence, notamment pour les IADL. Les démentsconnaissent un déclin fonctionnel plus marqué et des niveaux de dépendance supérieurs.Des analyses ultérieures devront s’attacher à explorer plus largement les différents profilsd’évolution en population âgée et identifier les déterminants sous‐jacents à ces profils.The contingent of baby‐boomers combined with an expansion of morbidity increasinglyobserved in some layers of older and aging populations are a major challenge for society.The aim of this thesis was to study the natural history and determinants of dependency inaging. In the first part, we showed that longevity was a multifactorial phenomenon withsimilarities and discrepancies by gender. In the second part, the study of secular trendsshowed a 10‐year gain in life expectancy and a postponement of dependency in over 75‐year‐old demonstrating a compression of morbidity for men and high levels of education,but an expansion of morbidity for the subjects of low educational level. IRT models haveallowed us to more accurately describe the process of dependency. Our work confirmed thatthe ability to perform daily activities was hierarchically affected and the front door of theprocess was limitation for shopping, while the last step was for transfer limitation. Thetrajectories of functional evolution before death are more favorable to men and high levelsof education. Furthermore, the sequences are hierarchical specific to dementia, especiallyfor IADL. Demented people experienced sharper functional declines and greater levels ofdependency. Further analyzes will have to focus on exploring more widely different patternsof change in elderly population and identify the determinants underlying these profiles.Keywords

Epidemiology of dependency in the elderly. Natural history, trends and determinants

Le contingent de personnes issues de la génération du baby‐boom conjugué à une expansionde la morbidité de plus en plus observée dans certaines couches des populations âgées etvieillissantes constitue un défi majeur pour la société. L’objectif de cette thèse étaitd’étudier l’histoire naturelle et les déterminants de la dépendance dans le vieillissement.Dans une première partie nous avons montré que la longévité était un phénomènemultifactoriel avec des similitudes et des spécificités selon le sexe. Dans une deuxièmepartie, l’étude des tendances séculaires a montré un gain d’espérance de vie en 10 ans avecun recul de l’âge d’entrée en dépendance chez les plus de 75 ans attestant d’unecompression de la morbidité pour les hommes et les hauts niveaux d’études, mais d’uneexpansion de la morbidité pour les sujets de bas niveau d’études. Les modèles IRT nous ontpermis de décrire plus finement le processus de dépendance. Nos travaux ont confirmé quela capacité à effectuer les activités quotidiennes était hiérarchiquement affectée et que laporte d’entrée dans le processus était la limitation pour les courses, alors que la dernièreétape était la limitation au transfert. Les trajectoires d’évolution fonctionnelle avant le décèssont plus favorables aux hommes et aux hauts niveaux d’études. Par ailleurs, les séquenceshiérarchiques sont spécifiques à la démence, notamment pour les IADL. Les démentsconnaissent un déclin fonctionnel plus marqué et des niveaux de dépendance supérieurs.Des analyses ultérieures devront s’attacher à explorer plus largement les différents profilsd’évolution en population âgée et identifier les déterminants sous‐jacents à ces profils.The contingent of baby‐boomers combined with an expansion of morbidity increasinglyobserved in some layers of older and aging populations are a major challenge for society.The aim of this thesis was to study the natural history and determinants of dependency inaging. In the first part, we showed that longevity was a multifactorial phenomenon withsimilarities and discrepancies by gender. In the second part, the study of secular trendsshowed a 10‐year gain in life expectancy and a postponement of dependency in over 75‐year‐old demonstrating a compression of morbidity for men and high levels of education,but an expansion of morbidity for the subjects of low educational level. IRT models haveallowed us to more accurately describe the process of dependency. Our work confirmed thatthe ability to perform daily activities was hierarchically affected and the front door of theprocess was limitation for shopping, while the last step was for transfer limitation. Thetrajectories of functional evolution before death are more favorable to men and high levelsof education. Furthermore, the sequences are hierarchical specific to dementia, especiallyfor IADL. Demented people experienced sharper functional declines and greater levels ofdependency. Further analyzes will have to focus on exploring more widely different patternsof change in elderly population and identify the determinants underlying these profiles.Keywords