Effects of the inclusion of ground Pouteria sapota kernel on intake, digestibility, and growth performance in lambs

Simple Summary: The concept of sustainable diets that are profitable, ethical, socioculturally acceptable, and environmentally beneficial is emerging as one of the key solutions to ensure the efficiency of livestock production systems. In this regard, agro-industrial by-products obtained from fruit processing have emerged as an alternative. Mamey pulp generates residual biomass from which the kernel is the main by-product that, due to its composition, can be used as ruminant feed. This study determined the effects of the inclusion of ground mamey kernel on intake, digestibility, and growth performance in lambs. No effects on nutrient intake or productive performance were observed. However, protein and fiber digestibility were reduced by ground mamey kernel inclusion. These findings suggest that mamey kernels can be included in ruminant diets. Abstract: This study determined the effect of replacing ground corn and soybean meal with ground Pouteria sapota kernel (PSSM) in lamb diets on nutrient intake and digestibility, performance, and carcass traits. Twenty-one male hair sheep lambs with an average body weight of 22 ± 3.5 kg were randomly assigned to three treatment diets containing PSSM at 0, 10, and 20% of the total dry matter (DM) inclusion. The study lasted 60 days, which included 15 days for adaption and 45 days for sample collection. The PSSM inclusion did not affect intake or performance (p > 0.05). However, ether extract (EE) digestibility linearly increased (p < 0.0001), while crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) linearly decreased. Final body weight, total weight gain, average daily weight gain, feeding efficiency, and carcass traits were not affected by PSSM inclusion. In conclusion, these results suggest that PSSM can replace up to 200 g/kg DM of ground corn and soybean meal without affecting intake or animal performance

effect of adding extra virgin olive oil to hair sheep lambs’ diets on productive performance, ruminal fermentation kinetics and rumen ciliate protozoa

Simple Summary: The use of added lipids in the diets of ruminants has been found to have beneficial effects. In this study, the effects of different doses of extra virgin olive oil on the productive traits and ruminal fermentation parameters in lambs were evaluated. The relationship between nutrient intake and digestibility was optimal with 2% oil inclusion. The concentration of propionic acid increased with 2 and 4% DM of olive oil, while butyric acid decreased. The intake of olive oil did not affect the population of protozoa or animal performance. The inclusion of olive oil in low concentrations (2% of DM) positively influences feed intake and nutrient digestibility in hair sheep lambs. Abstract: This study determined productive performance, ruminal fermentation kinetics and rumen ciliate protozoa in hair sheep lambs fed different levels of olive oil. Twenty-four growing lambs were used, with an initial live weight of 10.5 ± 2.9 kg, and randomly assigned into four treatments (six animals per treatment) containing increasing levels of extra virgin olive oil (0, 2, 4 and 6% of dry matter). Animals were fed for 80 days, and sampling was carried out weekly. Intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and metabolizable energy (ME) differed between treatments (p < 0.05), with a linear and cubic tendency to decrease when oil concentrations were increased. Digestibility coefficients of OM, CP and NDF were not affected; however, the relationship between total intake and nutrient digestibility (DM, OM, NDF, ADF) increased with 2% DM olive oil. Compared with all treatments, the concentration of propionic acid increased by 16% with 4% olive oil. The intake of olive oil did not affect the protozoa population and live weight gain. Overall, the inclusion of olive oil in low concentrations (2% of DM) positively influences feed intake and nutrient digestibility in hair sheep lambs

Effect of pelagic Sargassum on in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradation, gas production, and protozoa population

This study determined the effect of pelagic Sargassum on in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradation, total gas production (TGP), and protozoa population. The treatments were different levels of Sargassum inclusion on a basal substrate (Stargrass hay; Cynodon nlemfuensis) as follows: T0 (control treatment based on Stargrass hay), T10 (90% Stargrass hay + 10% Sargassum), T20 (80% Stargrass hay + 20% Sargassum), and T30 (70% Stargrass hay + 30% Sargassum). Ruminal fermentation kinetics and protozoa population were determined during 72 h of in vitro incubations. Compared to control, dry matter degradability at 48 and 72 h and organic matter degradability at 24 and 48 h were higher in Sargassum treatments. TGP was lower with T20 at 48 h. The total population of protozoa and the concentration of Entodinium spp. were lower at T20 at 48 h and T30 at 72 h. Cl, S, Ca, K, and Zn (103, 5.97, 88.73, 285.70 g/kg, and 15,900 mg/kg) were high in Sargassum, reaching twice or even nine times higher than the contents in Stargrass (11.37, 1.60, 43.53, 87.73 g/kg, and 866.67 mg/kg). Overall, up to 30% pelagic Sargassum could be included in hay-based substrates from tropical grasses without negative effects on in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradability

Extra virgin olive oil: does it modify milk composition of hair sheep?

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of olive oil addition on the production, chemical composition, and fatty acid profile of sheep’s milk. Twenty-four lactating ewes with a live weight of 34.6 ± 4.61 kg were used. The animals were randomly distributed into four treatments (n = 6) with dietary addition of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% (dry matter basis) olive oil for 45 days. Milk samples were taken every 7 days for fatty acid (FA) and chemical analyses. A decrease (p &lt; 0.05) in dry matter and crude protein intake was observed with 4% oil inclusion. Milk production and milk components were similar between treatments. The kilograms of meat from weaned lambs linearly increased as the oil inclusion increased. Milk C4:0 to C17:0 decreased with 2% olive oil. The monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FA content in the milk increased with the oil inclusion. There was an increase in the milk’s linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid content with 2% olive oil. Overall, the addition of 2% extra virgin olive oil is recommended to improve milk’s FA profile without negative effects on animal performance

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

PHYTOBIOTIC ACTIVITY OF Larrea tridentata, Origanum vulgare AND Plectranthus amboinicus IN GRAM POSITIVE AND GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIAS

The objective of the study was to evaluate the phytobiotic activityof Larrea tridentata, Origanum vulgare and Plectranthus amboinicus on Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria of common presence that endanger human health directly or indirectly. Extracts of leaves from each of the three plants under study were prepared in 75% ethyl alcohol, in proportions of 30, 35 and 40%, for a total of nine treatments. The bacterial strains were divided into two groups, depending on their staining properties: Gram (+) and Gram (-). The response variable was the size if the inhibition halo of bacterial growth. The data was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Differences were found (P<0.05) in the type of extract, concentration level and type of bacteria, as well as in the interaction of the extract and level (P<0.04), and in the interaction of extract, level and bacteria (P<0.002). It is concluded that L. tridentata at 35% had a higher phytobiotic activity, compared with O. vulgare and P. amboinicus

Identificación de los principales ectoparárasitos, su control y prevención en aves de traspatio en el estado de Chihuahua,México

https://bmeditores.mx/avicultura/revistas/abril-2022

Parámetros reproductivos en conejas alimentadas con morera, Morus alba, ó tulipán, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o uso de Morus alva e Hibiscus rosa-sinensis na dieta de coelhas adultas e outros parámetros reprodutivos. Utilizaram-se 18 coelhas adultas com um peso média de 3.34 ± 0.07 kg distribuídas a esmo em três tratamentos (n=6): Controle (100% Concentrado comercial; CC), Amorera (M) ou THibisco (T) (oferecendo 60% do consumo do controle mais a planta ad libitum). Avaliou-se o consumo de alimento, a prolificidade (filhotes por parto), fecundidade (gestações/serviços x 100), gramas de filhotes paridos e a produção estimada de leite através da pesagem da coelha antes e depois do período de amamamento. O consumo de folhagem (g MS d-1) foi maior (P<0.05) em M (104a) vs T (90b), o consumo de concentrado em CC foi 144 g d-1. Encontraram-se diferenças (P<0.05) em prolificidade: CC (7.0a,b), M (5.6b), T (7.8a) e fecundidade CC (66.67b), M (50c) e T (83.3a). As gramas paridas e perdidas foram similares (P>0.05) nos diferentes tratamentos com 486 e 2399 g respectivamente, a produção de leite das coelhas foi maior (P<0.05) em CC e T com relação a M (138a, 132a e 109b g d-1, respectivamente). A suplementacao com H. rosa sinensis melhora os parâmetros reprodutivos estudados, efeito inverso ao de M. Alva. A presença de isoflavonoides em ambas arvores, não influiu sobre os pesos de ninhada ao nascimento.The objective was to evaluate the effect of Morus alba or Hibiscus rosa-sinensis on reproductivity parameters in female rabbits. 18 adult does with an average weight of 3.34 ± 0.07 kg were divided randomly into three treatments (n = 6): Control (100% comercial feed, CA), and 60% of control does comsumption and: M. alba (M) or H. rosa-sinensis (T). feed consumption and its bromatological composition was measured, as well as prolificacy, fertility, grams of bugs born and weaned, and the estimated production of milk through the wheigth of the does, before and after milking. The consumption of foliage (g MS d-1) was higher (P <0.05) in M (104a ) vs T (90b ), the consumption was concentrated in CC 144 g d-1. There were differences (P <0.05) in prolificacy: CC (7.0a,b), M (5.6b ), T (7.8a ) and fertility CC (66.67b ), M (50c ) and T (83.3a). Grams born and weaned were similar (P> 0.05) in the different treatments with 486 and 2399 respectively, although the estimated milk production of rabbits was higher (P <0.05) in CC and T relative to M ( 138, 132 and 109 g d-1, respectively). The presence of isoflavones in both trees, which could have antagonistic effects on fertility in rabbits fed with M. alba, but no changes were observed in rabbits fed with H. rosa-sinensis.However, no differences was observed in litter weight at born or weaning.El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el uso de Morus alba e Hibiscus rosa-sinensis en la dieta de conejas adultas y parámetros reproductivos. Se utilizaron 18 conejas adultas con un peso promedio de 3.34 ± 0.07 kg distribuidas al azar en tres tratamientos (n=6): Control (100% Concentrado comercial; CC), Morera (M) o Tulipán (T) (ofreciendo 60% del consumo del control más la planta ad libitum). Se evaluó el consumo de alimento, la prolificidad (gazapos por parto), fecundidad (gestaciones/servicios x 100), gramos de gazapos paridos y destetados y la producción estimada de leche a través del pesaje de la coneja antes y después del amamantamiento. El consumo de follaje (g MS d-1) fue mayor (P<0.05) en M (104a ) vs T (90b ), el consumo de concentrado en CC fue 144 g d-1 . Se encontraron diferencias (P<0.05) en prolificidad: CC (7.0a,b), M (5.6b ), T (7.8a ) y fecundidad CC (66.67b ), M (50c ) y T (83.3a). Los gramos paridos y destetados fueron similares (P>0.05) en los diferentes tratamientos con 486 y 2399 g respectivamente, la producción de leche de las conejas fue mayor (P<0.05) en CC y T con relación a M (138a , 132a y 109b g d-1, respectivamente). La suplementación con H. rosa sinensis mejora los parámetros reproductivos estudiados, efecto inverso al de M. Alba. La presencia de isoflavonoides en ambas arbóreas, no influyó sobre los pesos de camada al nacimiento o al destete

Use of mulberry foliage (morus alba) or cayenne (hibiscus rosa-sinensis) in feeding lactating rabbit and its effect on the productivity

El precio de los insumos empleados en la elaboración del alimento balanceado ha experimentado un aumento constante, lo que encarece la producción de carne de conejo. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron medir el efecto de la sustitución parcial del concentrado comercial en conejas lactantes con follaje fresco de morera o cayena sobre la producción de leche y el crecimiento de los gazapos, así como su factibilidad económica. Se utilizaron 35 conejas primerizas distribuidas según un diseño de bloques al azar, con arreglo factorial de tratamientos 3x2 + 1 (n=5), los factores fueron: cantidad de alimento concentrado proporcionado (CC: 200; 160 y 120 g d–1) y dos follajes [morera (M) o cayena (C) a libre acceso] y un control con CC a libre acceso. El peso de las conejas al parto fue similar (P>0,05), mientras que al destete fue mayor (P<0,05) en las conejas del grupo CC con respecto a las que consumieron follaje (3,05 vs 2,98 y 3,17 vs. 2,94 kg, respectivamente). El cambio de peso durante la lactancia fue similar (P>0,05) con respecto al tipo de follaje proporcionado, pero éste fue diferente (P<0,05) con relación a la cantidad de CC proporcionado con +58a, -65ab y -123b, para 200; 160 y 120 g d–1, respectivamente. El peso individual de los gazapos al destete fue afectado por el número de gazapos amamantados y los kg destetados por coneja fueron menores (P<0,05) en aquellas que recibieron solamente 120 g de C al día. El consumo de M fue mayor (P<0,05) con respecto a CC (156 vs. 127 g d–1). Por lo que es factible sustituir el 40% del consumo de CC en la alimentación de conejas lactantes con follaje de M o C en fresco sin que se afecte la respuesta productiva durante la lactancia, con un ahorro cercano al 40% con respecto a los costos variables.126-133roberto.sangines@itconkal.edu.mxBimestralCommodities costs used in animal feed production have steadily increased, which raise the price of rabbit meat production. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of partial substitution of commercial concentrate by fresh mulberry leaves or cayenne on milk production and growth of kits. In addition the economic feasibility of this practice was measured. Thirty five female rabbits were used in a randomized block design with a factorial arrangement of treatments 3x2 + 1 (n = 5), factors one consisted of feed concentrate (CC: 200, 160 and 120 g d–1) and the other factor consisted of two type of foliages (mulberry (M) or cayenne (C) ad libitum) and a CC control to free access. The weight of rabbit at parity was similar (P>0.05) in all rabbits while weaning was higher (P<0.05) in the CC group rabbits regarding those consuming foliage (3.05 and 3.17 vs. 2.98 vs. 2.94 kg, respectively). The weight change during lactation was similar (P>0.05) in rabbits feed in either type of foliage, but difference was observed (P<0.05) in weight change of rabbis feed on different amount of CC with 58a, -65ab and -123b g during lactation, for 200, 160 and 120 g d–1 of CC, respectively. The individual weight of kits at weaning was affected by quantity of suckled kits and produced kg weaned per female rabbit. Individual weight was lower (P<0.05) in female rabbits fed only 120 g daily CC. In general, mulberry intake was higher (P<0.05) compared to that of cayenne (156 vs. 127 g d–1). In conclusion, it is possible to replace 40% of the use of CC in feeding lactating rabbits by mulberry leaves or fresh rose of chine without affecting the productivity of female rabbit during lactation. This good represent 40% saving in variable costs

Rabbit feeding with mulberry (morus alba) or rose of china (hisbicus rosa-sinensis) and its effect on the growth and reproductive tract morphology

El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la sustitución parcial del alimento balanceado comercial por morera o cayena, sobre el crecimiento de conejos y su tracto reproductor. Se utilizaron 20 gazapos de 35 días de edad distribuidos en cinco tratamientos (n=4): alimento balanceado (AB); 60% alimento balanceado + morera (60AB+M); 60% alimento balanceado + cayena (60AB+Cay); 40% alimento balanceado + morera (40AB+M) y 40% alimento balanceado + cayena (40AB+ Cay). La alimentación se proporcionó hasta el sacrificio (7 meses de edad). La ganancia diaria de peso mostró una tendencia cúbica (Y = 19,35 + 0,438x - 0,00787x2 + 0,000027x3), se incrementó de 18,3 ± 4,3 gd–1 en la primera semana postdestete a 27,2 ± 7,9 gd–1 en la quinta semana, e inferior a los 20 gd–1 después de las 13 semanas de edad, y menor a 8 gd–1 después de las 20 semanas de edad. Los parámetros de Gompertz de la curva de crecimiento mostraron diferencias (P<0,05), a = 3633a; 2893b; 3258ab; 3148ab y 2887b; Xc = 65,2; 55,6; 64,6; 60,4 y 59,6; k = 0,0217bc; 0,0304a; 0,0175c; 0,0259ab y 0,0284ab, para AB, 60AB+M, 60AB+Cay, 40AB+M y 40AB+Cay, respectivamente. El peso del pene, testículos y epidídimos fue similar y no se pudieron detectar diferencias (P>0,10) debido a la elevada variabilidad dentro de tratamientos. La inclusión de morera y cayena en la dieta de conejos en crecimiento puede sustituir hasta un 60% el alimento balanceado comercial sin afectar la tasa de crecimiento y no produce alteraciones macroscópicas en los principales órganos reproductores de conejos machos.509 - [email protected] objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of commercial concentrate mulberry and rose of china on the growth of rabbits and changes in the reproductive tract. Twenty baby rabbits were used with 35 days of age allotted to five treatments: balanced food (AB), 60% concentrate + mulberry (60AB + M), 60% concentrate + rose of china (60AB + Cay), 40% concentrate + mulberry (40AB + M), 40% concentrate + rose of china (40AB + Cay). Feeding was provided to slaughter (7 month old). The daily weight gain showed a cubic trend (Y = 19.35 + 0.438x – 0.00787x2 + 0.000027x3), increased from 18.3 ± 4.3 gd–1 in the first week after weaning to 27.2 ± 7.9 gd–1 in the fifth week, and less than 20 gd–1 after 13 weeks of age and less than 8 gd–1 after 20 weeks of age. Gompertz parameters of the growth curve showed significant differences (P<0.05), a = 3633a, 2893b, 3258ab, 3148ab and 2887b; Xc = 65.2, 55.6, 64.6, 60.4 and 59.6, k = 0.0217bc, 0.0304a, 0.0175c, 0.0259ab and 0.0284ab, for AB, 60AB+M, 60AB+Cay, 40AB+M and 40AB+Cay, respectively. The weight of the penis, testicles and epididymis was similar (P>0.10) due to the high variability within treatments. The inclusion of mulberry and rose of china in the diet of growing rabbits can replace up to 60% commercial concentrate without affecting the growth rate and does not produce gross changes in the major reproductive organs of male rabbits