Abby Williams Hill: Artist of the West and Champion of Education, Equality, and National Parks

Abby Williams Hill (1861-1943) was a landscape painter, social activist, and prolific writer with an insatiable love of travel and learning. She produced a remarkable collection of landscape paintings showcasing the grandeur of the American West, as well as a vast archive of letters and journals addressing issues of continuing social and historical interest including African-American and Native-American rights, early childhood education, and the preservation of our national parks. This article examines Hill\u27s involvement as an advocate and activist

The effect of education on in-prison conflict: evidence from Argentina

Using census data for Argentine prisons for the period 2002-2005, this paperpresents evidence of the positive e¤ect that prisoner education programs (pri-mary and some part of secondary schooling) have on in prison conflictivitymeasured as sanctions or violent behavior of the prisoner. In order to over-come the problems of endogeneity that education decisions generate we usean instrumental variables approach. Our results show a decrease in partici-pation in violent conflicts and bad behavior which can be partially attributedto education.prison based education, violent behavior

Partnerships: Putting Governance Principles in Practice

This publication analyzes the research and project work of the Institute on Governance in civil society-government partnerships from the point of view of both players. The paper first explores the meaning of "governance" and "partnership"; then blends these concepts with good governance principles used by the UNDP and the Institute to create a tool for assessing good governance in partnership arrangements. Finally, the paper draws on the Institute's work in Canada and internationally, to illustrate some of the lessons and best practices in the governance of partnerships

Mental health, ethnicity and the UK armed forces:Historical lessons for research and policy

BackgroundUK armed forces have recruited from other races and ethnicities at times of crisis. To meet diversity targets, they have also recruited indigenous groups of non-White British heritage. Considered at greater risk of mental health problems generally, these populations are likely to suffer more in combat and in transition to civilian life. Yet, there is little data on how they fare.MethodsA scoping review was conducted of peer-reviewed studies of psychological illnesses suffered by racial and ethnic minority soldiers from World War One to the present, together with research at the National Archives, Wellcome Trust Archives and the Imperial War Museum for unpublished studies.ResultsBritish commanders and psychiatrists argued that ‘martial races’ were protected against post-traumatic illnesses because of an innate resilience related to a rural heritage. Consequently, low morale and breakdown were interpreted as malingering to avoid combat. Indian troops received lower levels of psychiatric care than provided for British soldiers delivered with limited cultural understanding. Inferior terms and conditions were offered to Indian soldiers with lesser opportunities for promotion. These practices, established in both World Wars, continued for Gurkha and Commonwealth soldiers recruited to meet manpower and diversity targets. Disproportionate complaints of discrimination may explain why ethnic minority status is a risk factor for mental illness.ConclusionManagement patterns laid down during the Imperial era continue to influence current practice for ethnic minority service personnel. Yet, armed forces can play a positive role in fostering diversity and integration to provide protective factors against mental illness

A multi-scale insight into gas transport in a deep Cenozoic clay

The migration of gases is crucial to ensure the long-term feasibility of argillaceous formations for the deep disposal of radioactive waste. This paper presents an experimental investigation with a multi-scale perspective on the response to gas transport of initially saturated Boom Clay (Belgium). Gas injection tests have been performed under oedometer conditions at different controlled-volume rates, constant total vertical stress and different sample orientations (flow orthogonal or parallel to bedding planes). The results confirm soil expansion and consequent degradation during injection that has a significant impact on the aperture of localised gas pathways (fissures) and increases intrinsic permeability during the gas pressure dissipation stage. The analyses with complementary techniques (mercury intrusion porosimetry, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray micro-tomography) confirm the opening of fissures with different apertures and separations at the microstructural scale. Large-aperture fissures develop along the weaker bedding planes. These techniques allow the volume of fissures to be quantified, which does not significantly depend on gas flow direction, as also measured in the isotropic response of the gas effective permeability. A scalar damage variable derived from the fissured fraction has been used to assess the gas-entry pressure reduction and the intrinsic permeability increase after the gas tests in both directions.The authors are grateful to ONDRAF/NIRAS (Belgian National Agency for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Material) for funding this research programme under contract no. XSI/AV/2012-1952 (2012–2016) and no. CCHO 2018-0089/00/00 (2018–2020). This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme ‘European Joint Programme on Radioactive Waste Management’ EURAD (2019-2024) WP-Gas ‘Mechanistic understanding of gas transport in clay materials’ under the grant agreement No. 847593. The Spanish ‘Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D’ (CEX2018-000797-S) is also acknowledged.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Facilitadores y creencias de eficacia como antecedentes del bienestar psicológico de empleados de establecimientos hoteleros

Decenes Jornades de Foment de la Investigació de la FCHS (Any 2004-2005)El objetivo principal del presente estudio es poner a prueba un modelo estructural que postula a los facilitadores en el puesto de trabajo como antecedentes del engagement (vigor, dedicación y absorción) en una muestra de empleados de establecimientos hoteleros. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 349 empleados (camareros y recepcionistas) de 120 establecimientos hoteleros del terrritorio nacional Español. Los facilitadores fueron evaluados con una escala auto-construida compuesta por 11 ítems, por otro lado, las creencias de eficacia fueron evaluados haciendo uso de la dimensión de eficacia profesional del MBI-GS (Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey) y el Engagement fue medido mediante la UWES (Utrecht Work Engagement Scale). A pesar del pobre ajuste del modelo propuesto, el cual consideraba una mediación total de las creencias de eficacia entre los facilitadores situacionales y el engagement de los empleados; los análisis estructurales realizados mediante el programa AMOS (Arbuckle J.L., 1997), demostraron la robustez del modelo alternativo, que cerciora la existencia del rol mediador parcial de las creencias de eficacia

Ensayo metodológico para optimizar la caracterización mineralógica de menas metálicas: Estudio de un caso de aplicación geometalúrgica

En la industria minera no siempre se realiza un adecuado estudio previo de la relación entre la mineralización existente en el yacimiento y el tratamiento y concentración de la mena, lo que impide la optimización en los procesos y conduce hacia un mal procesamiento del mineral con consecuencias nefastas para el medio ambiente. Para la optimización de estos procesos la Geometalurgia se apoya en la Mineralogía. La aplicación de la microscopía de reflexión permite la identificación, cuantificación y caracterización de las fases minerales presentes en secciones pulidas para de esta manera conocer la realidad de la mena tratada y su comportamiento. Y es aquí donde el empleo de Análisis Digital de Imagen (ADI) juega un papel importante como apoyo y complemento a la microscopía de reflexión, por introducir la automatización

Análisis Digital de Imágenes RGB aplicado a la Geometalurgia. Puesta a punto del equipo y su potencial frente a métodos tradicionales

En la industria minera no siempre se realiza un adecuado estudio previo de la relación entre la mineralización existente en el yacimiento y el tratamiento y concentración de la mena, lo que impide la optimización en los procesos y conduce hacia un mal procesamiento del mineral con consecuencias nefastas para el medio ambiente