PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TIPE PICTURE AND PICTURE DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR DI KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 2 PEULIMBANG

Banda Ace

Magnetic Spin Susceptibility of quasi-particles in metals using the Landau Fermi Liquid Theory

     38  In this work, the magnetic spin susceptibility of quasi-particles in metals were computed for some metals based on the modified Landau Fermi Liquids Theory using the electron density parameter. The results showed that for each metal, the Landau magnetic spin susceptibility of quasi-particles is higher than the computed magnetic spin susceptibility of quasi-particles and experimental values.  This may be due to the fact that the Landau parameter must have been over estimated in its application. The computed magnetic spin susceptibility of quasi-particles is in good agreement with the experimental values of metals available with a remarkable agreement at. The better estimation of the magnetic spin susceptibility of quasi-particles using the modified Landau Fermi Liquid theory were compared with available experimental values. This show that the introduction of the electron density parameter in the Landau Fermi Liquid theory is promising in predicting the contribution of quasi-particles to the bulk properties of metals. The magnetic spin susceptibility of quasi-particles for transition metals is higher than most of the magnetic spin susceptibility of quasi-particles for alkali metals. This suggests that the magnetic spin susceptibility is considerably higher for most transition metals due to the incomplete inner electronic shells as more quasi-particles can be excited which enhances their susceptibility than the alkali metals

Variability in cooking time, iron and zinc content in common bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) genotypes

Prolonged cooking time leads to structural changes at the grain cellular level, resulting in loss of nutrients such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) which are among the main nutrients important in addressing micronutrient malnutrition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity of cooking time, Fe and Zn content in a total of 152 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes from around Eastern Africa, in order to identify short cooking genotypes with high Fe and Zn content. Field trials were conducted at CIAT-Uganda research station over two seasons in 2016. Cooking time was estimated using an automated Mattson cooker at CIAT-Uganda while Fe and Zn content was determined using XRF analysis at Rwanda Agricultural Board (RAB) in Rubona. A wide variability was evident from the test genotypes both for cooking time and mineral concentration. Cooking time exhibited a continuous distribution ranging from 35-100 minutes for the first season and 43–122 minutes for the second season. Seventy-three percent of the test genotypes had Fe levels higher than the low Fe check, CAL 96 (55mg/kg) which is popularly known as ‘Nambale’ and a popular commercial variety in Uganda. A total of 15 genotypes (Amahunja, Awash melka, Bihogo, CAB 2, ECAPAN021, G858, Icaquimbaya, KK20, NABE12C, NABE4, NABE6, ROBA-1, RWR1873, RWV3006) were consistent in short cooking time for the two seasons and had a Fe content above the low Fe check (CAL96 – 55mg/kg). A high correlation (r = 0.71) was observed between Fe and Zn whereas a low correlation between cooking time and Fe (r = -0.04) and Zn (r = 0.04) was observed. Great variability was evident for both traits indicating possible improvement by breeding and thus the possibility of having short cooking common bean genotypes with high Fe and Zn content

Goniotomy for Non-Infectious Uveitic Glaucoma in Children

Secondary glaucoma is still a blinding complication in childhood uveitis, for which most commonly used surgical interventions (trabeculectomy or glaucoma drainage implant) involve multiple re-interventions and/or complications postoperatively. The goniotomy procedure has never been investigated in the current era, in which patients with pediatric uveitis receive biologics as immunosuppressive therapy for a prolonged period, with potential implications for the outcome. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a goniotomy procedure in pediatric non-infectious uveitis in a retrospective, multicenter case series. The primary outcomes were the postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), number of IOP-lowering medications, and success rate. Postoperative success was defined as 6 ≤ IOP ≤ 21 mmHg, without major complications or re-interventions. Fifteen eyes of ten children were included. Median age of the included patients at goniotomy was 7 years; median follow-up was 59 months. Median (interquartile range) IOP before surgery was 30 (26–34) mmHg with 4 (3–4) IOP-lowering medications. At 1, 2, and 5 years after goniotomy, median IOP was 15, 14, and 15 mmHg with 2 (0–2), 1 (0–2), and 0 (0–2) medications, respectively (p &lt; 0.001 postoperatively versus preoperatively for all timepoints). Success rate was 100%, 93%, and 80% after 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. There were no significant changes in visual acuity and uveitis activity or its treatment, and there were no major complications. Our results show that the goniotomy is an effective and safe surgery for children with uveitic glaucoma.</p

Development, promotion and dissemination of improved Fusarium wilt resistant pigeon pea lines in drought prone areas of Uganda

Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) remains a relatively untapped food legume crop in Uganda and in many parts of Africa mainly due to lack of promotion and availability of varieties that meet producer and consumers needs. The crop is a rich source of protein, fixes nitrogen in the soil and is tolerant to drought conditions. This makes it an ideal crop for the semi-arid areas of Africa. This project is using a participatory breeding approach to develop and promote consumer/market preferred pigeon pea varieties resistant to Fusarium wilt disease (Fusarium udum) and drought among farmers in northern Uganda. To do this, a collection of landraces and elite materials from Uganda, Malawi and ICRISAT is being screened for farmer desired qualities. Promising lines will be analyzed for performance under Fusarium wilt infection and drought, and thereafter selected lines will be entered into a breeding program. All research activities have been designed as part of two students' M.Sc. thesis research, involving a Ugandan and a Malawian studen

Feasibilty of zein proteins, simple sequence repeats and phenotypic traits for background selection in quality protein maize breeding

Widespread adoption of quality protein maize (QPM), especially among tropical farming systems has been slow mainly due to the slow process of generating varieties with acceptable kernel quality and adaptability to different agroecological contexts. A molecular based foreground selection system for opaque 2 (o2), the cause of enhanced lysine content in maize exists. Background selection systems albeit, are poorly developed in spite of the mapping of putative loci associated with kernel modification and knowledge on causes of modification. The aim of this study was to develop background selection systems for o2 introgression into locally adapted genotypes. Experiments were conducted at Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute, Kabanyolo (MUARIK), in Uganda on backcross progeny (BC1F1) and BC2F2), derived from a locally adapted line 136R and a QPM donor CML176. We tested the use of zein proteins known to influence modification as well as DNA markers and phenotypic descriptors as tools for background selection for recurrent parent genome and modifier loci in locally adapted maize genotypes. Simply inherited traits such as maize streak virus disease resistance were suitable for background selection. Other traits include plant and ear heights. The simple sequence repeats markers mapped to chromosomes 3, 5, 7, respectively and associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) conditioning resistance in maize to grey leaf spot and anthesis to silking interval were suitable for assay of recurrent parent genome. The 27-kDa g zein protein levels was suitable for background selection for kernel modification. It should, however, be used along with other zeins such as the 22 kDa and 19 kDa zein proteins.L'adoption du ma\uefs de prot\ue9ne de qualit\ue9 (QPM), sp\ue9cialement parmi les syst\ue8mes culturaux tropicaux a \ue9t\ue9 lente principalement due au processus lent de g\ue9n\ue9ration de vari\ue9t\ue9s avec de grains acceptables de qualit\ue9 et d'adaptabilit\ue9 \ue0 diff\ue9rents contextes agro\ue9cologiques. Il existe une cause du contenu am\ue9lior\ue9 de la lysine dans le ma\uefs, un syst\ue8me bas\ue9 sur la s\ue9lection mol\ue9culaire opaque 2 (o2). Malgr\ue9 les syst\ue8mes de s\ue9lection de fond, ceux-ci sont pauvrement d\ue9velopp\ue9s en d\ue9pit du "mapping" du loci associ\ue9 avec la modification du grain et la connaissance sur les causes de modification. L'objet de cette \ue9tude \ue9tait de d\ue9velopper les syst\ue8mes de s\ue9lection de fond pour l'introgression o2 dans les g\ue9notypes localement adapt\ue9s. Des essais \ue9taient conduits sur la prog\ue9nie de "backcross" (BC1F1) et BC2F2), d\ue9riv\ue9s de lign\ue9es adapt\ue9es 136R et un QPM doneur CML176. Nous avons test\ue9 l'usage des prot\ue9ines z\ue9ines capables d'influencer de modifications des marqueurs d'ADN et descripteurs ph\ue9notypiques comme mat\ue9riel de s\ue9lection de fond pour parent de g\ue9nome recurrent et modifiant de loci dans les g\ue9notypes de ma\ubfs localement adapt\ue9s. Des traits simplement h\ue9rit\ue9s dont la r\ue9sistance \ue0 la maladie de virus de m\ue8che \ue9taient appropri\ue9s pour la s\ue9lection de fond. D'autres traits incluaient la hauteur de plants et la taille de l'\ue9pis. Les marqueurs SSR repr\ue9sent\ue9s sur les chromosomes 3,5,7, respectivement et associ\ue9s aux traits quantitatifs loci (QTL) conditionnant la r\ue9sistance dans le ma\ubfs \ue0 la maladie de t\ue2che grise de feuilles ansi que l'intervalle de l'anthesis jusqu'\ue0 la s\ue9cr\ue9tion du "silk" \ue9taient appropri\ue9s pour \ue9valuation du g\ue9nome parent recurrent. Les niveaux de prot\ue9ines z\ue9ines 27-kDa g \ue9taient appropri\ue9s pour la s\ue9lection de fond pour la modification de grains. Ceci pourra \ueatre utilis\ue9 \ue0 c\uf4t\ue9 d'autres z\ue9ines telles que les prot\ue9ines z\ue9ines 22 kDa et 19 kDa

PREVALENCE OF ANGULAR LEAF SPOT DISEASE AND SOURCES OF RESISTANCE IN COMMON BEAN IN EASTERN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO

Angular leaf spot ( Pseudocercospora griseola Crous U, Brown) is one of the most important diseases hindering common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in the Great Lakes Region of Africa, including the Democratic Republic of Congo. The disease causes extreme yield losses, estimated at 384.2 tonnes per year, in Sub-Saharan Africa. Little is known about the distribution, severity and incidence of the disease and the effect of agronomic practices and environmental factors on the disease prevalence in the country to facilitate interventions. A field survey was conducted during two crop seasons, February to June and September to January, in two main beans growing zones of eastern DRC namely; sub-humid highland and sub-humid mid altitude at low latitudes, in South and North Kivu, respectively. Severity and incidence of angular leaf-spot and other occurring diseases were assessed on common bean plants in farmers\u2019 fields. Angular leaf spot in these fields had an average severity index (PSI) of 49.9%. PSI was significantly different (P&lt;0.05) between districts and seasons. Using multiple regression analysis, independent variables: growth stage, cropping system, districts and altitude were shown to have significant influence on the observed PSI (P&lt;0.05) with R2 = 96.2%. The highest severity (PSI=59.7%) was observed in Kabare district, and the lowest in Uvira district (PSI=39.5%). Screening of a set of 37 released common bean varieties in DRC using virulent Andean and Mesoamerican isolates identified four resistant bean varieties; ARA 4, COD MLV 059, MLV 224/94B, LSA 144 and Mexico 54. Some of these varieties possess useful traits, in addition to acceptable seed market class, and are hence recommended as suitable parents for ALS resistant variety development and promotion in ALS prone environments.La tache angulaire ( Pseudocercospora griseola Crous U, Brown) est l\u2019une des maladies les plus importantes qui entravent la production de haricot commun ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) dans la r\ue9gion des Grands Lacs d\u2019Afrique, y compris la R\ue9publique D\ue9mocratique du Congo. La maladie provoque des pertes de rendement extr\ueames, estim\ue9es \ue0 384.2 tonnes par an en Afrique Sub-Saharienne. Ily a encore peu de connaissance sur la distribution, la gravit\ue9 et l\u2019incidence de la maladie et l\u2019effet des pratiques agronomiques et des facteurs environnement aux sur la pr\ue9valence de la maladie dans le pays pour faciliter les interventions. Une enqu\ueatesur le terrain a \ue9t\ue9men\ue9e pendant deux saisons de r\ue9colte, de F\ue9vrier \ue0 Juin et de Septembre \ue0 janvier, dans deux zones principals de culture de haricots de l\u2019est de la RDC, \ue0 savoir: Sous-humides de haute altitude et sous-humides \ue0 basse altitude, au Sud et au Nord-Kivu. La gravit\ue9 et l\u2019incidence de la tache angulaire des feuilles et d\u2019autres maladies ont \ue9t\ue9 \ue9valu\ue9es sur les plants de haricots dans les champs des agriculteurs. Ces champs \ue9taient infest\ue9s par la maladie, avec unindice de gravit\ue9 moyen (IPS) de 49.9%. PSI \ue9tait significativement diff\ue9rent (P &lt;0.05) entre districts et saisons. En utilisant l\u2019analyse de r\ue9gression multiple, les variables ind\ue9pendantes: stade de croissance, syst\ue8me de culture, districts et altitude ont montr\ue9 une influence significative sur le PSI observ\ue9 (P &lt;0.05) avec R2 = 96.2%. La s\ue9v\ue9rit\ue9 plus \ue9lev\ue9e (PSI = 59.7%) a \ue9t\ue9 observ\ue9e dans le district de Kabare et la plus faible dans le district d\u2019Uvira (PSI = 39,5%). La s\ue9lection d\u2019un lot de 37 vari\ue9t\ue9s de haricot distribu\ue9es en RDC utilisant des isolats virulents Andins et M\ue9soam\ue9ricains a permis d\u2019identifier quatre vari\ue9t\ue9s de haricots r\ue9sistants; ARA 4, COD MLV 059, MLV 224 / 94B, LSA 144 et Mexique 54. Certaines de ces vari\ue9t\ue9s pr\ue9sentent des traits utiles en plus de son acceptabilit\ue9 sur lemarch\ue9 des semences, et sont donc recommand\ue9s comme des parents appropri\ue9s pour le d\ue9veloppement et la promotion des vari\ue9t\ue9s r\ue9sistantes ALS

Potential for yield loss reduction and profitability assessment of pesticide control of groundnut leaf miner among soybean genotypes

Groundnut leaf miner (GLM) is currently a threat to soybean production in Uganda due to the great yield losses as a result of the severe damage it causes on leaves leading to reduced photosynthetic area. GLM is a fairly new pest on soybean in Uganda, having initially been observed in soybean fields in 2011 in eastern Uganda. The objective of this study was to determine the yield loss caused by the groundnut leaf miner and effectiveness and profitability of commonly used pesticides for the control of the groundnut leaf miner ( Aproaerema modicella Deventer) (GLM), when tested with popular soybean ( Glycine max ) genotypes grown in Uganda. In a split plot RCBD design, pesticide protection (treated vs. untreated) formed the main plots; and six commercial soybean varieties (Maksoy 1N, 2N, 3N, 4N, 5N; and Namsoy 4M) as subplots. The study was done in two locations in eastern Uganda (Iki Iki District Agricultural Training and Information Centre (Iki Iki DATIC) and National Semi-Arid Resources Research Institute, Serere (NaSARRI) with two planting rounds at Iki Iki. These sites were chosen because they are hot spots for GLM. GLM severity and soybean yield were significantly affected by the pesticide protection. Overall, percentage grain yield losses caused by GLM on the different soybean varieties ranged from 37.3% to 65.7% and the highest loss was displayed by Maksoy 5N. Grain yield loss recorded at Iki Iki DATIC (53.1%) was remarkably higher than that recorded at the NaSARRI (49.1%). Economic analysis showed marginal returns to be dependent on location, with the Iki Iki DATIC having 0.6 and NaSARRI 1.1. This study has shown that the groundnut leaf miner, a recently emergent pest of soybean is becoming a big threat to soybean production and that chemical control alone may not be economical in managing the pest.La mineuse de feuilles d\u2019arachide (MFA) constitue actuellement une menace pour la production de soja en Ouganda en raison des pertes de rendement consid\ue9rables dues aux d\ue9g\ue2ts importants caus\ue9s aux feuilles, ce qui a entra\ueen\ue9 une r\ue9duction de la surface photosynth\ue9tique. Le MFA est un ravageur relativement nouveau sur le soja en Ouganda. Il avait d\u2019abord \ue9t\ue9 observ\ue9 dans des champs de soja en 2011 dans l\u2019est de l\u2019Ouganda. L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude \ue9tait de d\ue9terminer la perte de rendement caus\ue9e par la mineuse de feuilles d\u2019arachide et l\u2019efficacit\ue9 et la rentabilit\ue9 des pesticides couramment utilis\ue9s pour lutter contre la mineuse de feuilles d\u2019arachide ( Aproaerema modicella Deventer) (MFA), lorsqu\u2019il \ue9tait test\ue9 avec du soja tr\ue8s r\ue9pandu ( Glycine max ) g\ue9notypes cultiv\ue9s en Ouganda. L\u2019essai a \ue9t\ue9 install\ue9 suivant un dispositif split plot en parcelles divis\ue9es, la protection antiparasitaire (trait\ue9e ou non trait\ue9e) constituait les parcelles principales; et six vari\ue9t\ue9s commerciales de soja (Maksoy 1N, 2N, 3N, 4N, 5N; et Namsoy 4M) en sous-parcelles. L\u2019\ue9tude a \ue9t\ue9 r\ue9alis\ue9e dans deux regions de l\u2019est de l\u2019Ouganda (Centre de formation et d\u2019information agricoles du district d\u2019Iki Iki (Iki Iki DATIC) et Institut national de recherche sur les ressources semi-arides de Serere (NaSARRI), avec deux fois de plantation \ue0 Iki Iki. Ces sites ont \ue9t\ue9 choisis parceque ce sont des regions tr\ue8s menaces par MFA. La protection contre les pesticides a eu un effet important sur la s\ue9v\ue9rit\ue9 du MFA et le rendement du soja. Generalement, le pourcentage de pertes de rendement en grain caus\ue9es par la sur les diff\ue9rentes vari\ue9t\ue9s de soja variait de 37,3% \ue0 65,7% et la perte la plus \ue9lev\ue9e a \ue9t\ue9 montr\ue9e par Maksoy 5N. La perte de rendement en grains trouv\ue9e \ue0 Iki Iki DATIC (53,1%) \ue9tait remarquablement sup\ue9rieure \ue0 celle trouv\ue9e \ue0 NaSARRI (49,1%). L\u2019analyse \ue9conomique a montr\ue9 que les rendements marginaux d\ue9pendaient de la localisation, l\u2019Iki Iki DATIC \ue9tant \ue0 0,6 et NaSARRI \ue0 1,1. Une \ue9tude a montr\ue9 que la mineuse de feuilles d\u2019arachide, un ravageur du soja r\ue9cemment apparu, constituait une menace majeure pour la production de soja et que la lutte chimique \ue0 elle seule pouvait ne pas \ueatre rentable pour lutter contre ce ravageur

Knowledge And Attitude Of Nigerian Ophthalmologists Towards Cornea Donation And Corneal Graft.

The aim of this study was to determine the attitude of practicing Nigerian ophthalmologists towards cornea donation and corneal graft. The responses of 160 ophthalmologists (specialists and senior registrars) in Nigeria who responded to an appropriate questionnaire on cornea donation at one of their National conferences attended mainly by practicing ophthalmologists were analysed. Through the questionnaire, the knowledge and attitude of the ophthalmologists towards cornea donation and cornea graft in Nigeria were evaluated. The questionnaire also included questions on donor materials from prisoners for themselves and their close relatives. One hundred and sixty (160) of the 191 ophthalmologists (84%) given the questionnaire responded. All the respondents have adequate information on cornea donation and corneal graft. Majority of them were favourably disposed to most of the questions asked except when it came to carrying a donor card, signing the donor form and the actual signing of the form. Only 34 (21%) of ophthalmologists agreed to donate their cornea at death. It was found that traditional beliefs, social implications and personal considerations mainly influenced those who were not favourably disposed to cornea donation and corneal graft. The majority of practicing ophthalmologists in Nigeria are not favourably disposed to donating their cornea at death