Lasalocid awareness and sampling in Scotland

Lasalocid is an ionophore antibiotic extensively used as a coccidiostat in poultry production. Lasalocid should not be fed to egg-laying hens as it accumulates in the eggs, and residues have often been found in eggs. Other ionophores are toxic to humans, but the exact level of lasalocid toxicity to humans has not been established. Approximately 250 egg samples were analysed for lasalocid each year from the 10 billion eggs consumed annually in the UK. A census of the 32 Scottish Local Authority Environmental Health Departments assessed awareness of lasalocid residues in eggs, and the results indicated that awareness of lasalocid was very low and no local authorities tested for lasalocid. The example of lasalocid revealed weaknesses in the current sampling regime surrounding foods of animal origin. Conclusions are drawn that central government should raise awareness within local authorities and provide financial support on local authority sampling to achieve proper representation

Anti-inflammatory activity of Syzygium cumini seed

The Syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae) is a popular traditional medicinal plant in India. This study was intended to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of S. cumini seed in carrageenan induced paw oedema in wistar rats at the dose level of 200 and 400 mg/kgadministrated orally. Both the extracts exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity, which supports the traditional medicinal utilization of the plant. This study established anti-inflammatory activity of the seed of S. cumini

Knowledge and practices regarding pesticide application and handling among farmers in selected community areas of Uttarakhand

Background: In South Asia region, India is the biggest country manufacturing pesticides for agricultural production and ranks10th in world where farmers use pesticides in agricultural area. In India, farmers have less knowledge regarding pesticide application and very rarely they get opportunity to attend formal training program regarding handling of hazardous pesticides. In developing countries, farmers have unsafe pesticide application and handling practices due to which pesticide poisoning has a major health problems among famers. Indian farmers who practice unsafe use of pesticides also experience different health problems. Hence there is a necessity to find out knowledge and practices of farmers while handling dangerous pesticides in day to day life.Methods: A quantitative research approach and cross sectional survey design was used in present study. Total of 302 farmers residing in rural area of Doiwala block were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Ethical permission was obtained from institutional ethical committee and informed consent was taken from study participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: A total of 125 (41.5%) farmers were using pesticide two times in a year and 180(59.8%) farmers used it for protection of crops. It was expressed by 223 (73.8%) farmers that they read the labels on the pesticide containers before using it but only 182(60.3%) farmers followed the instructions on the label.Conclusions: Farmers did not have adequate knowledge about frequency and reasons of using pesticide in farming. Majority of the farmers did not have adequate knowledge and practices regarding use of pesticide in agricultural area.

Anti-inflammatory activity of Syzygium cumini leaves

The Syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae) is a popular traditional medicinal plant in India. This study was intended to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of S.cumini leaves in carrageenan induced paw oedema in wistar rats at the dose level of 200 and 400 mg/kg administrated orally. Both the extracts exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity, which supports the traditional medicinal utilization of the plant. This study established anti-inflammatory activity of leaves of S.cumini.Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, Ethyl acetate, Methanol, Syzygium cumini

Сравнительные санитарно-гигиенические исследования газообразных продуктов термоокислительной деструкции и пиролиза полимерных материалов

Дослідженнями авторів суттєво доповнені дані літератури щодо горіння полімерних матеріалів на основі полістиролу та гуми. Проведені дослідження дозволили ідентифікувати більш широкий спектр характеристичних хімічних сполук, які обумовлюють токсичність вищевказаних полімерів під час пожеж. В продуктах піролізу та термоокислювальної деструкції полістиролу під час спалювання при різних температурах присутній мономерний стирол, а також ароматичні вуглеводні і водень ціаністий. Характеристичними сполуками під час спалювання гуми на основі синтетичних каучуків поряд з оксидом та диоксидом вуглецю є мономери (дивініл, акрилонітрил, ізопрен). Оскільки у продуктах горіння досліджуваних матеріалів присутні речовини 1 го та 2 го класів небезпеки, при переробці матеріалів, утилізації і зничтоженні відходів необхідна обов’язкова екс пертиза складу токсичних речовин, що виділяються, та їх кількісна оцінка, що дозволить суттєво поліпшити якість сертифікаційних випробувань полімерів на токсичність продуктів горіння.The substantially complemented is given researches of authors literatures in relation to burning of polymeric materials on the basis of polystyrene and rubber. The conducted researches allowed to identify more wide spectrum of characteristic compounds which stipulate toxicness of polymers during fires. In the products of pyrolyse and thermodestruction of polystyrene under time incineration at different temperatures styrene, and also aromatic hydrocarbons and hydrogen is present cyanogen. Characteristic connections during incineration of rubber on the basis of collastics next to an oxide and dioxide carbon are monomers (divynуl, acrilonitril, isoprene). As there are matters of 1st and 2th classes of danger in the products of burning of the probed materials, at processing of materials, utilization and deletion offcuts obligatory examination of composition of toxyc matters which are selected is needed, and them quantitative estimation which will allow substantially to improve quality of certification tests of polymers on toxicness of products of burning

A study of serum psedocholinesterase levels following diazinon poisoning in relation to liver function-prognostic and therapeutic value

Background: To study serum pseudo-cholinesterase (PChE) levels as an index of liver injury in individuals with diazinon poisoning with or without alcoholism. It gives the knowledge of the therapeutic efficacy and severity of liver dysfunction.Methods: Blood samples were taken from normal male adults as control and PChE is estimated. Blood samples were taken from diazinon poisoning patients from local hospitals on the 1st day and on 5th day for pseudocholinesterase estimation. Another group of blood samples were taken on the 1st day and on the 5th day from diazinon poisoning patients with history of alcoholism serum PChE is estimated.Results: Serum PChE was estimated among the normal healthy male adults as the normal value of enzyme for the various levels for comparison. Among 30 normal adults, the control value of PChE ranged between 125 and 321 µmol/ml with 212 as the mean. Following the treatment with atropine, PAM and blood transfusion, blood samples were estimated by 5th day among patients with diazinon. Their mean value was found to be 200 µmol/ml. Among individuals with alcohol and diazinon poisoning, following the treatment, the serum PChE levels were raised comparatively on 1st day. The value is 100 µmol/ml.Conclusions: In diazinon poisoning without alcoholism, the prognostic and therapeutic efficacy of the drugs is better unlike in alcoholics. Hence a scope of necessitating the hepatoprotective measures is of consideration in the organophosphorous poisoning cases

EFFECT OF THE KEPEL LEAVES EXTRACT (STELECHOCARPUS BURAHOL [BL.] HOOK. F. & TH.) ON SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS: AN ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of the Kepel leaves extract (Stelechocarpus burahol [Bl.] Hook. F. and Th.) after a singledose oral treatment on the body weight and the organ of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.Methods: This experiment was conducted based on the OECD-guideline 401-1999. A single oral dose of the Kepel leaves ethanol extract (0, 200,585, 1711, and 5000 mg/kg body weight) were given to male and female SD rats (each group, n=6). The control group was only given the vehicle(olive oil). The observation was done during 24 hrs and was continued until 14 days, because there was no death among the tested animals, includedthe recording of the death of animal test, body weight, toxic signs, duration, and reversibility of the toxic effect. A half of the rats in each group weresacrificed after 24 hrs observation, and remain of the animals were sacrificed after 14 days observation. The seven organs (kidney, lung, liver, spleen,intestine, stomach, and heart) were taken from each animal for macroscopic and microscopic (histopathology) examination.Results: The results showed that the acute toxicity potency of the ethanol extract of Kepel leaves was practically non-toxic, and the pseudo-lethal doseof 50% (pseudo-LD50) value was higher than 5000 mg/kg body weight.Conclusion: Based on the macroscopic and microscopic observation, it could be concluded that the ethanol extract of Kepel leaves did not induce thetoxic effect on the body weight and the organ of male and female SD rats.Keywords: Stelechocarpus burahol (Bl.) Hook. F. and Th., Acute toxicity study, Body weight, Organ, Sprague-Dawley rat

Токсикология горения: основные задачи и перспективы развития

Проведено аналіз даних літератури і матеріалів особистих досліджень щодо токсикології горіння і її ролі в сертифікації матеріалів, а також розробки системи управління здоров'ям пожежних-рятувальників та інших спеціалістів підрозділів МНС. На конкретних прикладах обгрунтовано основні задачи та шляхи подальших досліджень.There was made the analysis of literature data and results of proper researches in combustion toxicology. It was shown, that this direction of current toxicology has intensive development in polymeric and other materials certification and in the system occupational health of firemen and another workers of Ministry of Emergent Situations organizing. At the concrete examples the main task and perspectives of development of combustion toxicology and related direction in the life protection of workers and population were pointed

Поливинилхлорид на транспорте: назначение, физико-химические и гигиенические свойства, горение (обзор литературы и материалов собственных исследований)

Проаналізовані дані літератури та результати особистих багаторічних досліджень щодо фізико хімічних та гігієнічних властивостей ПВХ матеріалів та виробів з них. Особливу увагу приділено проблемам застосування пластифікаторів, стабілізаторів, наповнювачів, а також токсичності продуктів горіння. Зроблено висновки щодо основних напрямків подальших досліджень і підвищення безпеки ПВХ матеріалів, що впроваджуються на транспорті.The given literatures data and results of own long5term researches on studying physical, chemical and hygienic properties of PVC 5 materials and products from them are analysed. The special attention is given to problems of application of softeners, stabilizers and, and also toxicity of combustion products. Conclusions about the basic directions of the further researches and increases of safety of PVC5 materials introduced on transport are made

Genetic Determinants and Clinico-Pathological Outcomes of Helicobacter Pylori Infection

Helicobacter pylori is a spiral Gram-negative bacterium with a relatively small genome and is known to be the most common human bacterial infection worldwide, infecting about half of the world’s population. The bacterium  represents one of the most successful human pathogens, inducing severe clinical symptoms only in a small subset of individuals, thus signifying a highly balanced degree of co-evolution of H. pylori and humans. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection varies greatly among countries and among population groups within the same country, but is falling in most developed countries. The clinical course of H. pylori infection is highly variable and is influenced  by both microbial and host factors including genetic susceptibility while the pattern and distribution of inflammation correlate strongly with the risk of clinical sequelae, namely duodenal or gastric ulcers, mucosal atrophy, gastric carcinoma, or gastric lymphoma. Cytokine gene polymorphisms directly influence inter-individual variation in the magnitude of cytokine response, and this clearly contributes to an individual’s ultimate clinical outcome.  Polymorphisms in genes coding for innate immune factors have also been incriminated in the pathogenesis of H. pylori related disease, while promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes is considered an important factor in carcinogenesis and known to be present in H. pylori associated gastric tumors. Functional genomics may fill many of the gaps in our understanding of the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection and accelerate the development of novel therapies, including H. pylori specific antimicrobial agents.Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Genetic Factors,Clinic-Pathological Outcome