23 research outputs found
Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs That May Influence Infant Feeding Practices in American Indian Mothers
The promotion of healthy infant feeding is increasingly recognized as an important obesity
prevention strategy. This is relevant for American Indian (AI) populations, who exhibit high levels
of obesity and low compliance with infant feeding guidelines. The literature examining the
knowledge, attitudes and beliefs (KAB) surrounding infant feeding within the AI population is
sparse and focuses primarily on breastfeeding, with limited information on the introduction of solid foods and related practices that may be important in an obesity prevention context. This
research presents descriptive findings from a baseline KAB questionnaire on infant feeding and
related behaviors, administered to mothers (n=438) from five Northwest AI tribes that participated
in the Prevention of Toddler Overweight and Teeth Health Study (PTOTS). Enrollment occurred
during pregnancy or up to 6 months postpartum. The KAB questionnaire focused on themes of
Breastfeeding/Formula Feeding and Introducing Solid Foods, with supplemental questions on
Physical Activity. Knowledge questions were multiple-choice or true/false. Attitudes and beliefs
were assessed on Likert scales. Descriptive statistics included frequencies and percents, and means
and standard deviations. Most women knew basic breastfeeding recommendations and facts, but
fewer recognized the broader health benefits of breastfeeding (e.g., reducing diabetes risk), or
knew when to introduce solid foods. Women believed breastfeeding to be healthy and perceived
their social networks to agree. Attitudes and beliefs about formula feeding and social support were
more ambivalent. This work suggests opportunities to increase the perceived value of
breastfeeding to include broader health benefits, increase knowledge about solid foods, and
strengthen social support
Micronutrient Malnutrition, Obesity, and Chronic Disease in Countries Undergoing the Nutrition Transition: Potential Links and Program/Policy Implications
Background: The nutrition transition occurring in many developing countries
may invite the misconception that diets are moving entirely away from undernutrition
toward problems of excess. But despite the sufficiency of energy in these countries, diet
quality is poor and micronutrient deficiencies often remain. In this context, micronutrient
deficiencies may actually contribute to the development and severity of diet-related
chronic diseases.
Objectives: This paper discusses the potential long-term effects of micronutrient
malnutrition in early childhood on obesity and related disease outcomes. The links
between early micronutrient malnutrition, stunting, and subsequent short adult stature—
emerging risk factors for obesity and associated chronic diseases—are reviewed. This
paper also explores recent literature linking micronutrient malnutrition in adults to
increased risk and severity of chronic disease. Finally, this paper discusses the program
and policy implications of these relationships.
Methods: Literature searches on the topics of interest were conducted in Medline.
This paper is not the result of a systematic literature review, but rather discusses relevant
literature to bring attention to links between under- and over-nutrition that have not been
widely considered.
Conclusions: In children, micronutrient malnutrition is a cause of stunting and
may be accompanied by metabolic adaptations that increase the risk of later obesity and
related disease. In adults, deficiencies in key micronutrients may promote oxidative
stress, folate deficiency may increase risk for heart disease, and zinc deficiency may be
exacerbated in the presence of diabetes while also affecting glucose transport. Low fruit
and vegetable consumption may additionally increase the risk of cardiovascular disease
(CVD) and cancer through a variety of mechanisms. The importance of supporting programs and policies that address the spectrum of malnutrition, including micronutrient
malnutrition and emerging obesity together, is stressed
The association between diet and height in the post-infancy period changes with age and socioeconomic status among Filipino youths
PRISI; IFPRI3; Health, Diet and NutritionFCN
potential links and program/policy implications
This paper discusses the potential long-term effects of micronutrient malnutrition in early childhood on obesity and related disease outcomes. The links between early micronutrient malnutrition, stunting, and subsequent short adult stature — emerging risk factors for obesity and associated chronic diseases—are reviewed. This paper also explores recent literature linking micronutrient malnutrition in adults to increased risk and severity of chronic disease. Finally, this paper discusses the program and policy implications of these relationships. This paper is not the result of a systematic literature review, but rather discusses relevant literature to bring attention to links between under- and over-nutrition that have not been widely considered. Conclusions: In children, micronutrient malnutrition is a cause of stunting and may be accompanied by metabolic adaptations that increase the risk of later obesity and related disease. In adults, deficiencies in key micronutrients may promote oxidative stress, folate deficiency may increase risk for heart disease, and zinc deficiency may be exacerbated in the presence of diabetes while also affecting glucose transport. Low fruit and vegetable consumption may additionally increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer through a variety of mechanisms. The importance of supporting programs and policies that address the spectrum of malnutrition, including micronutrient malnutrition and emerging obesity together, is stressedNon-PRIFPRI1FCN
The Prevalence of Rapid Weight Gain in Infancy Differs by the Growth Reference and Age Interval Used for Evaluation
Background: Infant rapid weight gain (RWG) may predict subsequent obesity, but there are inconsistencies in the growth references and age intervals used for assessment.
Methods: This study evaluated whether the prevalence of RWG (an increase of \u3e0.67 in weight-for-age z-score) differed by growth reference (2006 WHO standards vs 2000 CDC references) and age interval of assessment (0–3, 0–6, 6–12 and 0–12 months). Pooled data from singleton term infants from two observational studies on maternal mood disorders during pregnancy were used (n = 161). Differences in RWG prevalence by growth reference and age interval were tested using Cochran’s Q and McNemar’s tests.
Results: The CDC reference produced a higher RWG prevalence (14% of infants additionally categorized as RWG, p \u3c 0.0001) within the 0–3 month age interval compared to the WHO standards; this pattern was reversed for the 6–12 and 0–12 month intervals. RWG prevalence did not differ across age interval within the WHO standards, but did differ with the CDC references (range: 22% for 0–3 months to 4.2% for 6–12 months, p \u3c 0.0001).
Conclusions: Caution is advised when comparing studies with different criteria for RWG. Future studies should use the 2006 WHO standards and a consistent age interval of evaluation
The overlap of overweight and anemia among women in three countries undergoing the nutrition transition
PRISI; IFPRI3FCN
Pregnancy Weight Gain in Twin Gestations and Maternal and Child Health Outcomes at 5 Years.
Current guidelines for maternal weight gain in twin pregnancy were established in the absence of evidence on its longer-term consequences for maternal and child health. We evaluated the association between weight gain in twin pregnancies and the risk of excess maternal postpartum weight increase, childhood obesity, and child cognitive ability