Numeričko predviđanje strujnog polja pri pridodnoj ventilaciji stočarskih objekata

This paper deals with three dimensional flow fields of livestock buildings prediction by numerical simulations and computational fluid dynamics - CFD. Flow field investigation is based on analysis of all relevant parameters that influences on temperature and flow field inside and outside of object, taking in account local meteorological conditions and terrain configuration. Based on results it is possible to design improved models in early stages of architectural design or later, and improvement of object energy efficiency.U radu je dat metod predviđanja trodimenzionalnog strujnog polja u stočarskim objektima primenom numeričkih simulacija i kompjuterske dinamike fluida - CFD. Ispitivanje strujnog polja sprovodi se na osnovu analize svih relevantnih faktora koji utiču na strujnu sliku unutar i oko objekta uzimajući u obzir lokalne meteorološke podatke, merodavne prepreke strujanju iz pojedinih pravaca. Na osnovu dobijene strujne slike, moguće je definisanje unapređenih modela objekta u cilju unapređenja energetske efikasnosti objekta ili arhitektonskog korigovanja objekta u ranim fazama projektovanja

Energetska optimizacija sistema za korišćenje geotermalne energije za grejanje plastenika

Setting-up the right greenhouse environment is subject to complex requirements. Present conditions real time parameters are analyzed from the viewpoint of greenhouse heating and ventilation system demands in winter period. Insufficient amount of heat energy gained from geothermal source during the low outside air temperatures period and unused geothermal heat energy in periods when heating system is not required are discussed. Complex environmental parameters modeling necessary for greenhouse heating and ventilation yearly energy requirements is provided. Numerical simulations are performed to provide energy efficiency improving, effective geothermal source use, defining heat storage system and conceptual technical design. Finally, needs for further research and engineering development are outlined.Određivanje unutrašnjih parametara u plastenicima i staklenicima zahteva kompleksno razmatranje u cilju određivanja optimalnih sistema grejanja prostor au zimskom periodu i ventilacije u letnjem periodu. U cilju povećanja energetske efikasnosti objekta razmatrano je grejanje objekta energijom geotermalnog izvora, kao i modeliranje potrošnje geotermalne vode u uslovima nedovoljne količine pri izuzetno niskom temperaturama spoljašnjeg vazduha. Numeričke simulacije toplotnog opterećenja plastenika sprovedene su u cilju povećanja efektivne upotrebe izvora geotermalne energije i konceptualnih tehničkih rešenja. U radu je definisano termičko ponašanje objekta. Konačno, potreba za daljim istraživanjem i inženjerskim razvojem je naglašena

Prilaz optimizaciji algoritma upravljanja sistemom kogeneracije na osnovi OIE

CHP – Combined Heat and Power, Cogeneration or Trigeneration (when cooling is needed in addition to heating) of heat and power systems normally make effective use of both electric power and heat energy from a generator, by a method that obtains two available forms of energy from a single fuel source. Consequently, in addition to being a promising counter measure to environmental problems by virtue of its available use of energy, CHP is also effective in dealing with the problem of peak power loads as it can be used as a distributed source of electric power. In this paper, the key issue in the CHP Microturbine system design and control optimization has been analyzed and investigated. It is the issue of the determination of the dynamics of system and the machine’s loads and capacity, having the excellent economic and environmental characteristics on the electric power and the heat demand. In general, the ratio of electric power demand to heat demand in general buildings varies daily over the course of the year. Demand Loads and System Performance Dynamics predicted through numerical Simulations and related Algorithm are sound basis for designing and operation of the intelligent EMS - Energy Management System. EMS intelligence reliability is crucial to achieve the expected optimal control performance and related benefits.KPTS - Kombinovanom proizvodnjom toplote i snage - kogeneracijom ili trigeneracijom (kada je potrebno i hlađenje pored grejanja) se efektivno koristi električna i toplotna energija generatora proizvedena iz određenog energetskog izvora. Tako, uz prednost doprinosa povećanju energetske efikasnosti korišćenja primarne energije izvora i time smanjenja ekoloških problema, KPTS je jednovremeno efektivno sredstvo za smanjenje vršnih opterećenja kada se koristi kao distribuirani system proizvodnje električne energije. U radu se analizira i dinamičkim simulacijama ispituje ključni faktor optimalnog projektovanja i kontrole KPTS, a to je određivanje dinamike potrebe električne i toplotne snage potrošača, odnosno potrošnje. Generalno odnos potreba električne i potreba toplotne snage (za hlađenje se koristi takođe toplota absorbcionim sistemom) je tokom godine promenljiv. Opterećenje sa strane potrošnje i dinamika osobina sistema određeni putem numeričkih simulacija i odgovarajućeg algoritma su dobra osnova za projektovanje i funkcionisanje inteligentnog EMS - sistema za upravljanje energijom. Pouzdanost inteligencije EMS-a je ključna da se dostignu očekivane prednosti optimalne kontrole

Numerička simulacija toplotnog opterećenja plastenika

The paper described the process of solving partial differential equations of heat conduction in the walls of the building envelope by numerical discretization in order to determine the precise unsteady temperature fields in the object. Numerical solution of complex equations of heat transfer is aimed at determining the thermal behavior of the object taking into account all the external parameters, stochastic variable in time, affecting the behavior of the object. Numerical simulation of the greenhouse is suitable for relatively simple geometry of the object and a small number of zones (rooms) inside the building. The procedure is explained in this paper is applied to the aid package for easier and faster calculation dataU radu je opisan postupak rešavanja parcijalnih diferencijalnih jednačina provođenja toplote u zidovima omotača objekta numeričkom diskretizacijom u cilju preciznog određivanja nestacionarnog temperaturskog polja u objektu. Numeričko rešavanje složenih jednačina prenosa toplote ima za cilj određivanje toplotnog ponašanja objekta uzimajući u obzir sve spoljne parametre, stohastički promenljive u vremenu, koji utiču na ponašanje objekta. Numerička simulacija plastenika pogodna je zbog relativno jednostavne geometrije objekta i manjeg broja zona (prostorija) unutar objekta. Postupak koji je objašnjen u radu primenjen je u pomoć programskog paketa radi lakšeg i bržeg računanja podataka

Optimizacija prirodne ventilacije poljoprivrednih objekata numeričkim simulacijama

Numerical simulations and computational fluid dynamics can be usefully integrated with architectural modeling, providing designers with a powerful single CFD based architectural modeling and design framework. This framework can be interfaced with the building thermal performance modeling, integrating further fully thermal and flow domains within the architectural modeling. CFD analysis is generally restricted to the building’s environment flows or indoor single rooms and spaces flows study, and the designer must supply boundary conditions in the form of external and internal building’s envelope/wall surface conditions. In the case of natural and mixed ventilation, this presents a fundamental problem as the outdoor and indoor boundary conditions are dynamic, inter-related and interactive via building’s architecture and in addition are dependent on external weather conditions and indoor environment control/related heat gains. Therefore, in this study both sides’ boundary conditions are dynamically described, and integrated CFD, BPS and architectural modeling, as a unique framework – new design method, are developed, leading to natural and mixed ventilation energy efficiency optimization. In addition to the presented method, paper gives results of its implementation in designing the building complex in Belgrade. Finally, needs for further research and engineering development are outlined.U radu je dat metod optimizacije prirodne ventilacije u cilju smanjenja potrošnje energije i povećanja energetske efikasnosti, odnosno poboljšanja uslova ugodnosti u objektu. Metod optimizacije uključuje ispitivanje trodimenzionog strujnog i temperaturnog polja numeričkim simulacijama. Ispitivanja simulacijama se sprovode za definisan referentni model okolnih objekata u širem kompleksu posmatranog objekta obuhvatajući sve merodavne prepreke strujanju iz pojedinih pravaca ruže vetrova, i definisan referentni model samog objekta. Na osnovu ovako dobijene strujne slike i definisane prepreke vazdušnoj struji za različite orijentacije pravca vetra, se potom definišu unapređeni modeli i korigovani ulazni podaci za preciznije određivanje i složenije strujne slike oko i unutar objekta

Dizajn, klasifikacija, perspektiva i moguća aplikacija dronova u poljoprivredu Srbije

The paper analyzes the possibility and the needs for the use of specific types of robots (mini unmanned aircraft with different designs and the designation of UAVs) and the possibility of using in agriculture (agrodrone). The year 2015 was proclaimed (Fortune Magazine, 2016) as the year of increasing and widespread use of UAVs in various areas of human activity, especially in agriculture and forestry (75% of use). This is important for large farm areas, where UAV has many useful functions and a very cost-effective commercial application. Today, the needs for UAVs have increased sharply with various opportunities for both civilian and military needs. There is also a significant interest in the development of new drones that can autonomously fly in different environments and locations and can perform various missions and tasks. Over the past decade, a wide range of applications for drones has gained the significance that led to the discovery of various types of unmanned UAVs of different sizes and weights. In this review, the classification of UAVs ranging based on a detailed overview of the development of the drone industry in recent years, this paper demonstrates the evolution of drones and differents application technologies. Of course, this development is very advanced and revolutionary, as well as the development of mobile and smart phones and the Internet, which will open the way for many users to participate in defining the future of UAV implementation. LIVONA Company, Belgrade, Serbia (and Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade, in tehnical cooperation) has a study and plans on the implementation of the model micro drone EBee SQ Livona RTK in the future general plans for inspection of protection Soils of territory Minicipality of Stara Pazova (351 km2), and agricultural company Napredak , and exspecially plans for soils of agriculture of R. Serbia. VEKOM GeoCompany from Belgrade, (in cooperation with Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade), has a study and plans on the implementation of the model of the drone Aibot KX6 model, in the future of application of agricultural soils of region Open pit Kolubara for area from app. 600 km2 and the other soils of Region). Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade, in cooperation with Municipality of Ub, has a study and plans on the implementation of the model micro drone Hubsan H109S X4 PRO in the future plans general inspection of protection Soils and Waters of territory of Municipality Ub (456 km2).U radu su analizirane mogućnosti i potrebe upotrebe specifičnih vrsta robota (mini bespilotnih letelica sa različitim dizajnom, označane kao UAV) i način korištenja u poljoprivredi (agrodron). Časopis Fortune je 2015.godinu proglasio kao godinu sve većeg i široko rasprostranjene upotrbe UAV letelica, u različitim oblastima ljudske delatnosti, posebno u poljoprivredi i šumarstvu (75% upotrebe). Ovo je naročito važno za velike farme i oblasti pod šumama, gde UAV ima mnogo korisnih funkcija i veoma isplative komercijalne aplikacije. Danas, potrebe za UAV imaju nagli porast sa različitim mogućnostima kako za civilne tako i za vojne potrebe. Takođe postoji značajan interes za razvoj novih bespilotnih letelica koji mogu autonomno leteti u različitim okruženjima i lokacijama i obaviti različite misije i zadatke. Tokom protekle decenije XXI veka, širok spektar aplikacija za bespilotne letelice je dobio značaj koji je doveo do konstrukcija različitih tipova bespilotnih UAV, različitih veličina i težina i svakako namene. Naravno, tehnološki razvoj kod dron sistema je veoma tehničko-tehnološki napredan i revolucionaran, uz razvoj mobilnih i pametnih (android) telefona i interneta, brzo otvora puteve i mogućnosti za mnoge korisnike u definisanju nove budućnosti implementacije UAV u različitim oblastima primene . Kompanija Livona d.o.o., Beograd i Institut za poljoprivrednu tehniku, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Beogradu, u tehničkoj saradnji imaju planove o implementaciji modela mikro drona EBee SK Livona RTK u narednim generalnim planovima za inspekciju, zaštitu i korišćenje poljoprivrednih zemljišta Republike Srbije, i posebno teritorije Opštine Stara Pazova (351 km2), gde je posebno mesto poljoprivrednog preduzeća Napredak a.d. VekomGeo d.o.o, Beograd u saradnji sa Institutom za poljoprivrednu tehniku Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu ima planove o budućoj upotrebi drona model Aibot X6, za nadzor na površinama od 600 km2 (i poljoprivredna zemljišta) otvorenog kopa R.B. Kolubara ili drugih objekata. Institut za poljoprivrednu tehniku, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Beogradu, ima planove o saradnji sa opštinom Ub, zbog upotrebe modela mikro drona Hubsan H109S Ks4 PRO u inspekciji oko zaštite i načina korišćenja zemljišta i voda na ovoj teritoriji (456 km2)

Renewable energy sources and energy efficiency for building's greening: From traditional village houses via high-rise residential building's BPS and RES powered co- and tri-generation towards net ZEBuildings and Cities, 2011 IEEE 3rd International Symposium on Exploitation of Renewable Energy Sources (EXPRES)

As an introduction to the current approaches to building's greening and sustainability this paper outlines the intrinsic harmony of the traditional village houses encompassing efficiency and balanced use of renewable materials and energy sources. Further paper reviews technical advances in integrating energy efficiency, solar and other renewable energy sources in new and existing buildings, to approach sustainable net Zero Energy Buildings, villages and cities. Paper stresses importance of the BPS (Building Performance Simulation) and Co-simulation in developing reliable method/engineering procedures for RES co-utilization and interwoven "energy mix" scenarios optimization, including existing buildings RES integrated refurbishment. Finally, presented are study results on the technical feasibility of efficient/cost-effective use of relatively low temperature geothermal waters for co-and tri-generation of electricity and heat for heating and/or cooling by absorption refrigeration for building integration. As a result of global warming a need for air conditioning is in extreme growth in Central and Southeastern Europe, as well as in many other regions in the world rich in low temperature geothermal waters <;100°C (<;212°F), and there is a growing interest to utilize these waters in an efficient and cost effective way. It is well known that Kalina thermodynamic cycle can convert relatively low temperature energy, at relatively low temperature difference towards environment, to mechanical power and further to electricity using as a working fluid mixture comprised of at least two different components (water and ammonia). However, its co-generation efficiency at the heat source temperatures below and about 100°C is too low. That was the reason to explore technical possibilities to expand the low-temperature Kalina cycle's geo-water utilization for co-and tri-generation based on the co-utilization hybridization of geothermal with solar or other renewable energy sources (RES)