Infestação, perfil de suscetibilidade e diversidade genética de Triatoma infestans em quatro comunidades do município de Toro Toro (Potosi-Bolívia)

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2019-07-15T13:19:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorge Espinoza Echeverria.pdf: 2770957 bytes, checksum: 725ec7ff30d103a466284bc122c42056 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2019-07-15T13:31:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorge Espinoza Echeverria.pdf: 2770957 bytes, checksum: 725ec7ff30d103a466284bc122c42056 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-07-15T13:31:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorge Espinoza Echeverria.pdf: 2770957 bytes, checksum: 725ec7ff30d103a466284bc122c42056 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017CAPES, CNPqFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Na Bolívia a doença de Chagas (DC) é considerada um sério problema de saúde pública, com peculiaridades epidemiológicas que distinguem este país dos demais onde Triatoma infestans é a principal espécie responsável pela transmissão vetorial. O Departamento de Potosí é um dos mais pobres da Bolívia, embora esteja certificado livre de transmissão, ainda apresenta baixos índices de infestação das casas por T. infestans (1,2%). O presente estudo teve por objetivo determinar a infestação, suscetibilidade e a dinâmica espaço-temporal da infestação por T. infestans nas comunidades de Taqó Taqó (TQ), Julo Chico (JC), Julo Grande (JG) e Calahuta (CA) do município de Toro Toro (Potosí-Bolívia), antes e após borrifação. Foi determinada a distribuição temporal e espacial da infestação das casas por T. infestans no município Toro-Toro (Potosí-Bolívia) e sua associação com variáveis ambientais no período 2009-2014. Foram avaliadas 73 comunidades e 16,489 casas. A presença de T. infestans foi registrada em 480 casas, com uma infestação global media das casas de 2,9%, variando entre 1,5-5,4% em 2009 e 2012. A infestação foi altamente agregada em cinco clusters, incluindo 11 comunidades, com risco relativo de infestação de 1,7-3,9 vezes o valor da média regional. As variáveis de temperatura e a precipitação foram identificadas como bons descritores de infestação domiciliar, explicando 57% da variabilidade observada. O modelo permitiu estimar áreas com maior probabilidade de infestação de casas para o município de Toro Toro. Os processos de infestação e reinfestação foram avaliados nas comunidades de TQ, JC, JG e CA, (pré-borrifação / Janeiro 2014 e pós-borrifação / Novembro de 2014), incluindo um total de 95 unidades domiciliares (UDs). Na pré-borrifação 19 UDs foram positivas e 11 após borrifação, com captura 285 e 219 triatomíneos no intra e peridomicílio, respectivamente. No ambiente silvestre 23 T. infestans foram capturados nas Comunidades de JC e JG e 5 individuos em JG (segunda etapa). Três variáveis estruturas presentes no peridomicilio (PD. Complex), presença de galinheiros (pcgall), diversidade de animais domésticos (Anim.complex) apresentaram um maior efeito na infestação das casas. No intradomicilio há evidente associação do triatomíneo com construções de pedras (50%), no peridomicilio foram 50% em pedras e 50% em adobe. O perfil de suscetibilidade a deltametrina foi avaliado em todas as amostras coletadas nas quatro comunidades (pre e pós borrifação). Na pre borrifação 16 amostras de T. infestans foram avaliadas (duas amostras do intra, 12 do peridomicílio e dois silvestres). Todas as amostras mostraram-se resistentes (RR50 entre 25.66 e 54.70). Após a borrifação 13 amostras de T. infestans foram avaliadas (duas amostras do intra, 10 do peridomicilio e uma silvestre), com RR50 entre 21.91 e 40.67. A estrutura populacional das comunidades através da análise com 9 locus de microssatélites ao nível macro e microgeografia apresentou uma alta estruturação populacional. Este fenômeno de redução do número de alelos observados, após a borrifação poderia estar afetando o sucesso do programa de Chagas nas comunidades.In Bolivia, Chagas disease (CD) is considered a serious public health problem, with epidemiological peculiarities that distinguish this country from others where Triatoma infestans is the main species responsible for vectorial transmission. The Department of Potosi is one of the poorest in Bolivia, and although it is certified free of transmission, it still presents low rates of house infestation by T. infestans (1.2%). The present study aimed to determine infestation, susceptibility and spatiotemporal dynamics of infestation by T. infestans in the communities of Taqó Taqó (TQ), Julo Chico (JC), Julo Grande (JG) and Calahuta (CA) of Toro Toro (Potosí-Bolivia), before and after insecticide spraying. It was determined the temporal and spatial distribution of house infestation by T. infestans in the municipality of Toro-Toro, Potosi-Bolivia and its association with environmental variables in the period between 2009 and 2014. A total of 73 communities and 16,489 houses were evaluated. The presence of T. infestans was recorded in 480 houses, with a mean global house infestation of 2.9%, ranging from 1.5- 5.4% in 2009 and 2012. The infestation was highly aggregated into five clusters, including 11 communities, with a relative risk of infestation of 1.7-3.9 times the value of the regional average. The variables of temperature and precipitation were identified as good descriptors of household infestation, explaining 57% of the variability of home infestation. The model enabled the prediction of areas with higher probability of house infestation in the municipality of Toro Toro. The infestation and reinfestation processes were evaluated in the communities of TQ, JC, JG and CA, (pre-spraying / January 2014, and post-spraying / November 2014), including a total of 95 households (UDs). In the pre-spraying period, 19 UDs were positive, whereas 11 were after spraying. A total of 285 and 219 triatomines were captured in the intra and peridomicile respectively. In the wild, 23 T. infestans were captured in the JC and JG communities, and 5 individuals in JG (second phase). Three variables structures present in the peridomicile (PD Complex), presence of chicken coops (PCGall) and diversity of domestic animals (Anim.complex) had a greater effect on house infestation. In the intradomiciles, there is evident association of triatomine with stone constructions (50%), in the peridomicile were 50% in stones and 50% in adobe. The susceptibility profile to deltamethrin was evaluated in all samples ollected in the four communities (pre and post spraying). For the pre-spraying period, 16 samples of T. infestans were evaluated (two intra, 12 peridomicile, and two wild samples). All samples were resistant (RR50 between 25.66 and 54.70). After spraying, 13 samples of T. infestans were evaluated (two intra, 10 peridomicile, and one wild sample), with RR50 between 21.91 and 40.67. The population structure of the studied communities, through analysis with microsatellite loci, presented a high population structure at macro and microgeography levels. This phenomenon of reduction of the number of alleles observed after and before spraying could be affecting the success of the Chagas progam in this communities

Spatial and temporal distribution of house infestation by Triatoma infestans in the Toro Toro municipality, Potosi, Bolivia

Triatoma infestans is the main vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in Bolivia. The species is present both in domestic and peridomestic structures of rural areas, and in wild ecotopes of the Andean valleys and the Great Chaco. The identification of areas persistently showing low and high house infestation by the vector is important for the management of vector control programs. This study aimed at analyzing the temporal and spatial distribution of house infestation by T. infestans in the Toro Toro municipality (Potosi, Bolivia) between 2009 and 2014, and its association with environmental variables. House infestation and T. infestans density were calculated from entomological surveys of houses in the study area, using a fixed-time effort sampling technique. The spatial heterogeneity of house infestation was evaluated using the SatScan statistic. Association between house infestation with Bioclim variables (Worldclim database) and altitude was analyzed using a generalized linear model (GLM) with a logit link. Model selection was based on the Akaike information criteria after eliminating collinearity between variables using the variable inflation factor. The final model was used to create a probability map of house infestation for the Toro Toro municipality. A total of 73 communities and 16,489 house evaluation events were analyzed. Presence of T. infestans was recorded on 480 house evaluation events, giving an overall annual infestation of 2.9% during the studied period (range 1.5-5.4% in 2009 and 2012). Vector density remained at about 1.25 insects/ house. Infestation was highly aggregated in five clusters, including 11 communities. Relative risk of infestation within these clusters was 1.7-3.9 times the value for the regional average. Four environmental variables were identified as good descriptors of house infestation, explaining 57% of house infestation variability. The model allowed the estimation of a house infestation surface for the Toro Toro municipality. Conclusion: This study shows that residual and persistent populations of T. infestans maintain low house infestation, representing a potential risk for the transmission of T. cruzi in these communities, and it is possible to stratify house infestation using EV, and produce a risk map to guide the activities of vector control interventions in the municipality of Toro Toro (Potosi, Bolivia).Fil: Espinoza Echeverria, Jorge. Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou; BrasilFil: Rodriguez, Antonio Nogales. Servicio Nacional de Salud. Programa Nacional de Chagas; BoliviaFil: Cortez, Mirko Rojas. Salud y Medioambiente; BoliviaFil: Diotaiuti, Liléia Gonçalves. Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou; BoliviaFil: Gorla, David Eladio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentin

Additional file 3: Table S3. of Spatial and temporal distribution of house infestation by Triatoma infestans in the Toro Toro municipality, Potosi, Bolivia

Number of evaluated and infested houses according to each of the three methods described above. (XLS 22 kb

Additional file 2: Table S2. of Spatial and temporal distribution of house infestation by Triatoma infestans in the Toro Toro municipality, Potosi, Bolivia

Number of evaluated houses varied within and between years. (XLS 19 kb

Inheritance and heritability of deltamethrin resistance under laboratory conditions of Triatoma infestans from Bolivia

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2016-04-05T18:53:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Inheritance and heritability of deltamethrin resistance under laboratory conditions of Triatoma infestans from Bolivia.pdf: 5217942 bytes, checksum: 285b1b55bc8ff585ef9878da7e69dd2b (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2016-04-05T18:57:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Inheritance and heritability of deltamethrin resistance under laboratory conditions of Triatoma infestans from Bolivia.pdf: 5217942 bytes, checksum: 285b1b55bc8ff585ef9878da7e69dd2b (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-05T18:57:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Inheritance and heritability of deltamethrin resistance under laboratory conditions of Triatoma infestans from Bolivia.pdf: 5217942 bytes, checksum: 285b1b55bc8ff585ef9878da7e69dd2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Referência em Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Referência em Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Referência em Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Referência em Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Referência em Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilBackground: Over the last few decades, pyrethroid-resistant in Triatoma infestans populations have been reported, mainly on the border between Argentina and Bolivia. Understanding the genetic basis of inheritance mode and heritability of resistance to insecticides under laboratory conditions is crucial for vector management and monitoring of insecticide resistance. Currently, few studies have been performed to characterize the inheritance mode of resistance to pyrethroids in T. infestans; for this reason, the present study aims to characterize the inheritance and heritability of deltamethrin resistance in T. infestans populations from Bolivia with different toxicological profiles. Methods: Experimental crosses were performed between a susceptible (S) colony and resistant (R) and reduced susceptibility (RS) colonies in both directions (♀ x ♂ and ♂ x ♀), and inheritance mode was determined based on degree of dominance (DO) and effective dominance (DML). In addition, realized heritability (h2) was estimated based on a resistant colony, and select pressure was performed for two generations based on the diagnostic dose (10 ng. i. a. /nymph). The F1 progeny of the experimental crosses and the selection were tested by a standard insecticide resistance bioassay. Results: The result for DO and DML (< 1) indicates that resistance is an incompletely dominant character, and inheritance is autosomal, not sex-linked. The LD50 for F1 of ♀S x ♂R and ♂S x ♀R was 0.74 and 3.97, respectively, which is indicative of dilution effect. In the resistant colony, after selection pressure, the value of h2 was 0.37; thus, the LD50 value increased 2.25-fold (F2) and 26.83-fold (F3) compared with the parental colony. Conclusion: The inheritance mode of resistance of T. infestans to deltamethrin, is autosomal and an incompletely dominant character; this is a previously known process, confirmed in the present study on T. infestans populations from Bolivia. The lethal doses (LD50) increase from one generation to another rapidly after selection pressure with deltamethrin. This suggests that resistance is an additive and cumulative factor, mainly in highly structured populations with limited dispersal capacity, such as T. infestans. This phenomenon was demonstrated for the first time for T. infestans in the present study. These results are very important for vector control strategies in problematic areas where high resistance ratios of T. infestans have been reported

Electronic Cigarette Use and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases.

Electronic cigarettes or e-cigarettes are the most frequently used tobacco product among adolescents. Despite the widespread use of e-cigarettes and the known detrimental cardiac consequences of nicotine, the effects of e-cigarettes on the cardiovascular system are not well-known. Several in vitro and in vivo studies delineating the mechanisms of the impact of e-cigarettes on the cardiovascular system have been published. These include mechanisms associated with nicotine or other components of the aerosol or thermal degradation products of e-cigarettes. The increased hyperlipidemia, sympathetic dominance, endothelial dysfunction, DNA damage, and macrophage activation are prominent effects of e-cigarettes. Additionally, oxidative stress and inflammation are unifying mechanisms at many levels of the cardiovascular impairment induced by e-cigarette exposure. This review outlines the contribution of e-cigarettes in the development of cardiovascular diseases and their molecular underpinnings

Exploration for Triatoma virus (TrV) infection in laboratory-reared triatomines of Latin America: a collaborative study

Triatoma virus (TrV) is a small, non-enveloped virus that has a +ssRNA genome and is currently classified under the Cripavirus genus of the Dicistroviridae family. TrV infects haematophagous triatomine insects (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), which are vectors of American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease). TrV can be transmitted through the horizontal fecal-oral route, and its infection causes either deleterious sublethal effects or even death of laboratory insect colonies. Various species of triatomines from different regions of Latin America are currently being reared in research laboratories, with little or no awareness of the presence of TrV; therefore, any biological conclusion drawn from experiments on insects infected with this virus is inherently affected by the side effects of its infection. In this study, we developed a mathematical model to estimate the sample size required for detecting a TrV infection. We applied this model to screen the infection in feces of triatomines belonging to insectaries from 13 Latin American countries, carrying out the identification of TrV by using reverse transcriptase PCR. TrV was detected in samples coming from Argentina, which is the country where several years ago the virus was first isolated from Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Interestingly, several colonies from Brazil were also found infected with the virus. This positive result widens the TrV?s host range to a total of 14 triatomine species. Our findings suggest that many triatomine species distributed over a large region of South America may be naturally infected with TrV.Fil: Marti, Gerardo Anibal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - la Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Cs.naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Echeverria, Maria Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Susevich, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - la Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Cs.naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Ceccarelli, Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - la Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Cs.naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Balsalobre, Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - la Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Cs.naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Canale, Delmi Margarita. Centro de Referencia de Vectores, Coordinación Nacional de Control de Vectores, Pabellón Rawson-Hospital Colonia; ArgentinaFil: Stariolo, Raúl Luis. Centro de Referencia de Vectores, Coordinación Nacional de Control de Vectores, Pabellón Rawson-Hospital Colonia; ArgentinaFil: Guérin, Diego M. A.. Universidad del País Vasco; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; España. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; EspañaFil: González Cifuentes, Nadia L.. Universidad de Los Andes; ColombiaFil: Guhl, Felipe. Universidad de Los Andes; ColombiaFil: Bacigalupo, Antonella. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Cattan, Pedro E.. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Garcıa, Alejandro. Secretaria Regional Ministerial de Salud de Coquimbo; ChileFil: Villacis, Anita G.. Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador; EcuadorFil: Grijalva, Mario J.. Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador; Ecuador. Ohio University; Estados UnidosFil: Solorzano, Elizabeth. Universidad de San Carlos; GuatemalaFil: Monroy, Carlota. Universidad de San Carlos; GuatemalaFil: Espinoza Blanco, Yrma. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; PerúFil: Cordova Benzaquen, Eleazar. Universidad Nacional San Agustín de Arequipa; PerúFil: Ruelas llerena, Nancy. Universidad Nacional San Agustín de Arequipa; PerúFil: Guzmán loayza, Miriam. Dirección Regional de Salud Moquegua; PerúFil: Caceres, Abraham G.. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; PerúFil: Vences Blanco, Mauro O.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Salazar Schettino, Paz María. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Martínez Martínez, Ignacio. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Espinoza Gutiérrez, Bertha. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Mojoli, Andrés. Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica. Asunción; ParaguayFil: Rojas de Arias, Antonieta. Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica. Asunción; ParaguayFil: Feliciangeli, M. Dora. Universidad de Carabobo Maracay; VenezuelaFil: Rivera Mendoza, Pedro. Fundación para el Desarrollo; NicaraguaFil: Rozas Dennis, Gabriela Susana. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez Eugenia, Rubén. Unidad de Biofísica; EspañaFil: Aguirre, Jon. Unidad de Biofísica; España. Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia; EspañaFil: Viguera, Ana R.. Unidad de Biofísica; EspañaFil: Hernádez Suárez, Carlos M.. Universidad de Colima; México. Unidad Monterrey; MéxicoFil: Vilchez, Susana. Universidad de Granada; EspañaFil: Osuna, Antonio. Universidad de Granada; EspañaFil: Gorla, David Eladio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de la Rioja. - Secretaria de Industria y Minería. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Provincia de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Mougabure Cueto, Gastón Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación de Plagas e Insecticidas; ArgentinaFil: Esteban, Lidia. Universidad Industrial Santander; ColombiaFil: Angulo, Vıctor M.. Universidad Industrial Santander; ColombiaFil: Querido, Jailson F. B. Unidad de Biofísica; España. Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia; España. Universidad Nova de Lisboa; PortugalFil: Silva, Marcelo S.. Universidad Nova de Lisboa; PortugalFil: Marques, Tatiane. Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro; BrasilFil: Anhe, Ana Carolina B. M.. Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro; BrasilFil: Gomez Hernandez, Cesar. Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro; BrasilFil: Ramirez, Luis E.. Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro; BrasilFil: Rabinovich, Jorge Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - la Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Cs.naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Diotaiuti, Liléia. Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou-FIOCRUZ; BrasilFil: Guerin Aguilar , Diego Marcelo. Universidad del País Vasco; España. Unidad de Biofísica; España. Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia; Españ